{{Short description|Botanica garden in Glasgow, Scotland}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} {{Use British English|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox organization | name = Glasgow Botanic Gardens | logo = | logo_size = 250px | type = | key_people = {{Plainlist| * Thomas Hopkirk (Founder) * William Hooker (Developer) * John Kibble (Architect of historic glasshouse)}} | location = Glasgow, Scotland | budget = | mission = | website = {{URL|www.glasgowbotanicgardens.com/|The Friends of Glasgow Botanic Gardens}} {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland | designation1_offname = Glasgow Botanic Gardens | designation1_date = 1 July 1987 | designation1_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00190|short=yes}} }} }}
'''Glasgow Botanic Gardens''' is a botanical garden located in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland. It features several glasshouses, the most notable of which is the Kibble Palace.
The Gardens has a wide variety of temperate and tropical flora,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web| url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16586| title=Glasgow Botanic Gardens| website=Glasgow.co.uk| date=2015-09-15| access-date=12 October 2016| archive-date=9 September 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909002236/https://glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16586| url-status=dead}}</ref> a herb garden, a chronological bed with plants arranged according to their introduction to Scotland, the UK's national collection of tree ferns,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=503|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223835/http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=503|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 May 2018|title=Ferns (Arborescent) |publisher=Plant Heritage|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> and a world rose garden officially opened in 2003 by Princess Tomohito of Mikasa.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/activity/activity06.html | title=Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Tomohito of Mikasa - the Imperial Household Agency|website=Kunaicho.go.jp}}</ref>
The River Kelvin runs along the north side of the Gardens and continues through Kelvingrove Park, the Kelvin walkway providing an uninterrupted walking route between the two green spaces.
The Botanic Gardens was awarded a Green Flag Award in 2011.<ref name="auto"/>
==History== In 1817 about {{convert|8|acre|ha|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} of land were laid out at Sandyford, near Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, and run by the Royal Botanic Institution of Glasgow (founded by Thomas Hopkirk of Dalbeth and Prof James Jeffray Professor of Botany at Glasgow University),<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of James Jeffray |url=https://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1191&type=P |website=www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812100754/https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1191&type=P |url-status=dead }}</ref> and were intended to supply the University of Glasgow. William Hooker was regius professor of botany at Glasgow University, and contributed to the development of the Botanic Gardens before his appointment to the directorship of Kew Gardens in London.<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1911</ref> The Gardens moved to its current location in 1842. The gardens were originally used for concerts and other events, and in 1891 the gardens were incorporated into the Parks and Gardens of the Glasgow Corporation.
The site was once served by a railway line, and Botanic Gardens Railway Station remains today in a derelict state as a remarkable example of a disused station. It is hidden behind some trees and a metal fence blocks access to the platforms. Kirklee railway station also lies just inside the gardens.
==Kibble Palace== thumb|upright=1.6|left|{{center|The Kibble Palace exterior.}} The Kibble Palace is a 19th-century wrought iron and cast-iron-framed glasshouse, covering 2137 m<sup>2</sup>. Originally designed for John Kibble by architects James Boucher and James Cousland for his home at Coulport on Loch Long in the 1860s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image.php?inum=TGSA00052 |title=John Kibble |access-date=2008-11-04|work=The Glasgow Story}}</ref> the components were cast by Walter Macfarlane at his Saracen Foundry in Possilpark. Eventually brought up the River Clyde by barge to the Botanic Gardens, it was fully erected at its current location in 1873 by Boyd of Paisley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishironwork.org/news.htm|title=Scottish Ironworks - News|publisher=Scottish Ironworks|date=Summer 2005|access-date=2008-08-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610011117/http://www.scottishironwork.org/news.htm|archive-date=10 June 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The building structure is of curved wrought iron and glass supported by cast-iron beams resting on ornate columns, surmounted on masonry foundations. It was initially used as an exhibition and concert venue, before being used for growing plants from the 1880s. Benjamin Disraeli and William Ewart Gladstone were both installed as rectors of the University of Glasgow in the palace, in 1873 and 1879 respectively – its last use as a public events venue, before becoming wholly used for the cultivation of temperate plants. The main plant group is the collection of New Zealand and Australian tree ferns, some of which have lived here for 120 years and which now form the national tree fern collection.
In the 1920s a statue was added in the palace to "King Robert of Sicily", a figure from the works of the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This is by the Scottish sculptor George Henry Paulin.
In 2004 a £7 million restoration programme was initiated to repair severe corrosion of the ironwork. £3.4M of the cost came from the National Lottery Heritage Fund<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/projects/kibble-palace-glasgow-botanic-gardens-glasgow |title=The Kibble Palace, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Glasgow |publisher=National Lottery Heritage Fund |access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref> and other grants support including from Glasgow City Council and Historic Environment Scotland. The restoration involved the careful dismantling of the palace, and the removal of the parts to Shepley Engineers in Shafton, South Yorkshire for specialised repair and conservation. Their workshop had already dealt with glasshouses from Dublin and Liverpool and removal permitted the reconstruction of the strengthened plinth.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3734660.stm |title=Palace plans a disappearing act |work=BBC News |date=12 October 2004 |access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref> To enable this the plant collection was removed completely for the first time ever, and the ironwork was re-assembled over a re-arranged internal floor layout, giving the palace a prolonged life. It re-opened to the public in November 2006.
The building contains a large collection of orchids, carnivorous plants and tree ferns.
===Sculptures in Kibble Palace=== *''King Robert of Sicily'' (a hero created by Longfellow) by George Henry Paulin (1927) *''Cain'' by Edwin Roscoe Mellins (1899) *''Eve'' by Scipione Tadolini ({{circa|1870}}) *''Ruth'' by Giovanni Ciniselli (1880) *''The Sisters of Bethany'' by John Warrington Wood (about 1871) *''The Elf'' by William Goscombe John (1899) *''Stepping Stones'' by William Hamo Thornycroft (1878) *''The Nubian Slave'' by Antonio Rossetti ({{circa|1880}})
<gallery caption="sculptures in the Glasgow Botanic Gardens" widths="220" heights="220" class="center"> File:Glasgow Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace. John Warrington Wood - "The Sisters of Bethany" (about 1871).jpg|The Sisters of Bethany Image:Glasgow Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace. William Goscombe John - 'The Elf', 1899.jpg|The Elf Image:Glasgow Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace. Edwin Roscoe Mullins - 'Cain' (c. 1899).jpg|Cain </gallery>
==Library==
The Gardens has a small but long-established research library. It contains over 2,600 items in its main books collection, over 150 in its special collections, a range of botanical periodicals, and a run of ''Curtis's Botanical Magazine'' (1787–present).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.librarycat.org/lib/glasgowbotanics |title = Library {{!}} TinyCat}}</ref>
The library is not a public library but a reference collection for those working directly with the Gardens, and for botanical or horticultural students and researchers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blog.librarything.com/2020/01/tinycats-january-library-of-the-month-glasgow-botanics-library/ | title=TinyCat's January Library of the Month: Glasgow Botanics Library « the LibraryThing Blog }}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery caption="Glasgow Botanic Gardens" widths="220" heights="220"> Image:Wfm Glasgow Botanic Gardens.jpg|The main hothouses in 2005 Image:Glasgow Botanical Gardens (8038799605).jpg|Venus flytraps in the carnivorous plants gallery Image:Kibble Palace Mirror.JPG|{{center|A reflective multi-facet mirror in the restored Kibble Palace}} Image:Botanic Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 878166.jpg|The Gardens in August 1966 Image:Entrance to the Botanic Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 1031279.jpg|Entrance to the gardens, 1966 Image:Botanic Gardens Station, Glasgow 1857922 0fb79ef9.jpg|Botanic Gardens railway station, 1970 Image:Tunnel to Botanic Gardens from Kelvinbridge.jpg|The disused railway station tunnel Image:Well worn steps - geograph.org.uk - 428196.jpg|Steps running down to the River Kelvin Image:The Botannical Gardens 142.jpg|The Gardens ({{circa|1975}}). Image:View of the Kibble Palace from the Kibble Palace (geograph 2455629).jpg|Ceiling of the Kibble Palace </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * {{commonscat-inline}} * [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16586 Glasgow Botanic Gardens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909002236/https://glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16586 |date=9 September 2022 }} – Glasgow City Council * [https://www.glasgowbotanicgardens.com/ Friends of the Glasgow Botanic Gardens] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001331/http://www.inglasgow.com/inglaig/gallery.asp?categoryid=266 Archive photographs of the Kibble's Restoration] * [https://www.flickr.com/search/?text=glasgow%20botanic%20gardens&view_all=1 Photographs on Flickr] * [https://www.librarycat.org/lib/glasgowbotanics Library catalogue]
{{Parks and gardens in Glasgow}} {{Glasgow}} {{Authority control}}
{{Coord|55.87930|N|4.29066|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(NS568675)|display=title}}<!-- Note: WGS84 lat/long, converted from OSGB36 grid ref -->
Category:Botanical gardens in Scotland Category:Category A listed buildings in Glasgow Category:Gardens in Glasgow Category:Greenhouses in the United Kingdom Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Glasgow Category:1817 establishments in Scotland Category:1817 in science Category:Arboreta in Scotland Category:Rose gardens in Scotland Category:Science and technology in Glasgow Category:Hillhead Category:1842 establishments in Scotland Category:Parks established in the 1840s