{{short description|Former political party in Tuva, Russia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} {{Infobox political party | name = Khostug Tyva | native_name = Хостуг Тыва | native_name_lang = tyv | leader = Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey | ideology = {{plainlist| * Tuvan nationalism * Anti-communism * Anti-Russian sentiment * Pan-Turkism }} | founded = October 1989 | dissolved = Late 1990s | national = Party of Russian Unity and Accord | country = Russia }} '''Khostug Tyva''' ({{langx|tyv|Хостуг Тыва|Xostug Tıva|free Tuva}}) was a political party in Tuva which existed from 1989 until the late 1990s. Originally established as the '''People's Front of Tuva''' ({{langx|ru|Народный фронт Тувы|translit=Narodnyy front Tuvy}}), Khostug Tyva led the anti-Russian riots that resulted in the flight of most of the republic's ethnic Russian population, as well as later efforts to achieve independence from Russia.
== History == The People's Front of Tuva was founded under the leadership of Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey in October 1989,<ref name="Nykonorov">{{Cite news |last=Nykonorov |first=Oleksandr |date=2 April 2016 |title=Сепаратистские угрозы современной России: Тува |trans-title=Modern Russia's separatist threats: Tuva |url=https://dn.depo.ua/rus/dn/separatistskie-ugrozy-sovremennoy-rossii-tuva-02042016200000 |access-date=13 May 2024 |work=Depo.Donbas |language=ru}}</ref> amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union and increasing enmity between ethnic Tuvans and Russians in the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Khostug Tuva's leadership actively supported the anti-Russian riots in Tuva, calling for all Russians to leave the republic.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandelstam Balzer |first=Marjorie |title=Galvanizing Nostalgia?: Indigeneity and Sovereignty in Siberia |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1501761317 |pages=100-102}}</ref> Bicheldey was elected as a member of the {{ill|Supreme Soviet of the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|ru|Верховный Совет Тувинской АССР}} in March 1990.<ref name="Nykonorov"/>
After its legalisation in on 10 June 1992,<ref name="Muzayev">{{Cite web |last=Muzayev |first=Timur |orig-date=1999 |title=Этнический сепаратизм в России |trans-title=Ethnic Separatism in Russia |url=https://www.sova-center.ru/files/books/pano-separ-1999.pdf |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=SOVA Center |page=292-293 |language=ru}}</ref> Khostug Tuva began advocating for a referendum on the separation of Tuva from Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muzayev |first=Timur |orig-date=1999 |title=Этнический сепаратизм в России |trans-title=Ethnic Separatism in Russia |url=https://www.sova-center.ru/files/books/pano-separ-1999.pdf |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=SOVA Center |page=38 |language=ru}}</ref> The party supported measures to increase affordable housing for rural Tuvan migrants to the capital, Kyzyl, and successfully pushed the population to oppose the 1993 Russian constitutional referendum, on the basis of opposition to private ownership of land.<ref name="Muzayev"/>
Khostug Tyva was also connected to nationalist groups from Khakassia and the Altai Republic, and united with the Khakas Çon çobį party to form the Association of Peoples of Southern Siberia on 17 June 1993. The political alliance argued for inhabitants of Russian republics to receive greater rights, as well as for the unification of Turkic peoples into a single state.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samushkina |first=Ye. V. |date=2007 |title=Идеология этнонационального движения в республиках Алтай и Хакасия (конец XX - начало XXI века) |trans-title=Ideology of ethnonationalist movements in the republics of Altai and Khakassia (late 20th–early 21st century) |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ideologiya-etnonatsionalnogo-dvizheniya-v-respublikah-altay-i-hakasiya-konets-xx-nachalo-xxi-veka |journal=Novosibirsk State University Journal |language=ru |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=288 |via=Cyberleninka}}</ref>
=== Split and dissolution === In 1993, Khostug Tyva split in two as a result of conflicts between the moderate and radical wings of the party. The radicals remained within Khostug Tyva, while the moderates formed the People's Party of Sovereign Tuva ({{langx|ru|Народная партия суверенной Тувы|translit=Narodnaya partiya suverrenoy Tuvy|link=no}}).<ref name="Khamrayev-Solovey">{{Cite news |last=Khamrayev |first=Viktor |last2=Solovey |first2=Valery |date=4 September 2006 |title="Национализм вполне согласуется с демократией" |trans-title="Nationalism is completely agreeable with democracy" |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/702176 |access-date=13 May 2024 |work=Kommersant |language=ru}}</ref> The People's Party of Sovereign Tuva was formally registered on 14 February 1993. Following the split, Khostug Tyva continued to call for Tuvan independence from the Russian Federation, and the chief of the party's executive committee, {{ill|Igor Badra|ru|Бадра, Игорь Иргитович|tyv|Бадра, Игорь Иргит оглу}}, was a candidate for the Party of Russian Unity and Accord during the 1993 Russian legislative election.<ref name="Muzayev"/>
Khostug Tyva dissolved itself at some point during the late 1990s.<ref name="Khamrayev-Solovey"/>
==References== <references/> {{Defunct Russian political parties}} Category:1989 establishments in the Soviet Union Category:1992 establishments in Russia Category:Political parties established in 1989 Category:Political parties established in 1992 Category:Political parties in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Category:Politics of Tuva Category:Pro-independence parties in the Soviet Union Category:Political parties of minorities in Russia