{{Short description|Historic Armenian periodical}} {{Infobox magazine | title = Khatabala | logo = | logo_size = <!-- default is 180px --> | image_file = Image:Khatabala, 1908, No. 43.jpg | image_size = <!-- default is 180px --> | image_alt = | image_caption = ''Khatabala'' #43 (c. 1908) | editor = Astvatsatur Yeritsyan | editor_title = Editor-in-chief | previous_editor = | staff_writer = {{plainlist|style=margin-bottom:0.5em| *Astvatsatur Yeritsyan *Ashot Atanasyan *Atrpet *Tmblachi Khachan *Hovhannes Tumanyan *Avetik Isahakyan *Movses Arazi *Stepan Zoryan}} '''Artistic contributors''':{{plainlist| *Oskar Schmerling *Josef Rotter *Henryk Hryniewski *Gevorg Bashinjaghian}} | photographer = | category = Satire | frequency = | format = | circulation = | publisher = | paid_circulation = | unpaid_circulation = | circulation_year = | total_circulation = | founder = Astvatsatur Yeritsyan | founded = 1906 | firstdate = <!-- {{Start date|year|month|day}} --> | finaldate = 1926 | finalnumber = | company = | country = | based = Tiflis (Tbilisi) | language = *Armenian *Russian *Georgian }}
'''''Khatabala''''' ({{langx|hy|Խաթաբալա}}; {{langx|ru|Хатабала}}) was a twelve-page Armenian satirical periodical published in Tiflis (Tbilisi) from 1906 to 1916 and again in 1922 and 1925–26<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title= |volume=IV |page=703 |language=hy |script-title=hy:Հայկական Սովետական Հանրագիտարան |trans-title=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia}}</ref> in the Armenian and occasionally Russian and Georgian languages. It was founded by Astvatsatur Yeritsyan (1872–1929),<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Նազարյան |first=Ս. Ս. |year=2000 |title=Արևելահայ երգիծական մամուլի պատմությունից (1906–1915) |trans-title=From the history of East-Armenian satirical press (1906–1915) |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/42700/edition/38245 |journal=Herald of the Social Sciences |language=hy |publisher=ՀՀ ԳԱԱ |volume=1 |pages=149 |script-journal=hy:Լրաբեր հասարակական գիտությունների}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Israelian |first=Sargis |date=2012 |title=Pages From My Diary |url=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20AMSAGIR/Vardzq2010/2012/2012(6).pdf |journal=Duty of Soul |type=journal |publication-place=Yerevan |issue=6 April–June |pages=48}}</ref> who edited the periodical along with Ashot Atanasyan (1870–1941). The name of ''Khatabala'' comes from a popular word used by Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis and Persians meaning misfortune, setback, or troubles, ultimately derived from the Arabic words {{Transliteration|ar|ḵaṭā}} 'error' and {{Transliteration|ar|balāʾ}} 'trouble, tribulation'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berberian |first=Houri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmOMDwAAQBAJ |title=Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian, and Ottoman Worlds |publisher=University of California Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-520-27894-3 |pages=226 |oclc=1101650331}}</ref>
== History == Astvatsatur<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> (Bagrat)<ref name=":5" /> Yeritsyan was a publicist and satirist. He was originally from Tsgnet<ref name=":2" /> (Tskneti in Georgian). He received his primary education at the Nersisian School in Tiflis, then studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, but dropped out and returned to Tiflis. Here, in 1906, he firstly published the Russian-language magazines<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Bagrat Yeritsian |url=https://schmerling.org/en/people/bagrat-yeritsian |website=Beyond Caricature (The Oskar Schmerling Digital Archive)}}</ref> ''Zhgut'' (only one issue was published<ref>{{Cite web |title=Жгут: [Иллюстрированный журнал политической сатиры]. - Тифлис, 1906. |url=http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/15770 |website=Электронная библиотека ГПИБ России}}</ref>) and ''Svistok'' (only two issues were published<ref>{{Cite web |title=Свисток: [Еженедельный художественно-сатирический журнал]. - Тифлис, 1906. |url=http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/71274 |website=Электронная библиотека ГПИБ России}}</ref>), and later, in the company of a prominent democrat and publicist Ashot Atanasyan, he founded the satirical periodical ''Khatabala''. In 1909–1912 Astvatsatur Yeritsyan also edited and published the literary, political and commercial daily ''Surhandak''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" />
The main purpose of the magazine was to satirically depict various social phenomena, such as inequality, cultural assimilation and corruption, and to ridicule backward lifestyles and values of the clergy and bureaucrats. ''Khatabala'' harshly condemned the anti-Armenian policy of the Ottoman Empire and championed the friendship of the peoples of Transcaucasia. It contained frequent responses to international events, and traced the liberation struggle of the peoples of the Balkans and the East.<ref name=":0" /> Its repeated solidarity with Azerbaijani satirical magazine ''Molla Nasraddin'' gained widespread attention.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Իշխանյան |first=Ս. Թ. |date=1968 |title=Հասարակության կյանքում երգիծանքի դերի մասին |trans-title=On the role of satire in society |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/37589/edition/33753 |journal=Լրաբեր հասարակական գիտությունների = Herald of the Social Sciences |language=hy |publisher=ՀՍՍՀ ԳԱ |volume=6 |pages=67}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Musée d'histoire contemporaine |title=Russie-URSS 1914-1991 : changement de regards: [exposition, Paris, Musée d'histoire contemporaine de la Bibliothèque de documentation internationale contemporaine, 17 octobre-29 décembre 1991] |date=1991 |publisher=BDIC |others=Wladimir Berelowitch, Laurent,. Gervereau, Impr. A. Nory) |isbn=2-901658-17-2 |location=Nanterre |pages=45 |oclc=708322271}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=De Russie et d'ailleurs : feux croisés sur l'histoire: pour Marc Ferro |date=1995 |publisher=Institut d'études slaves |editor=Marc Ferro |editor2=Martine Godet |editor3=Muriel Carduner-Loosfelt |editor4=Hélène Coq-Lossky |editor5=Jacques Le Goff |isbn=2-7204-0311-3 |location=Paris |page=95 |oclc=214948269}}</ref> It is a visually stunning and extremely rich source on the life of Armenians in early twentieth-century Tiflis, Constantinople, and beyond, and an important response to the repressive anti-Armenian policies of the Ottoman Empire and, in later years, the Armenian genocide.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Խաթաբալա, e.g. Khatabala [Trouble], complete runs for 1907 (nos. 1-50) and 1912 (nos. 1-50). Yeritsian, A. and A. Atanasian, editors. |url=https://www.bernettpenka.com/pages/books/51212/a-yeritsian-a-atanasian/e-g-khatabala-trouble-complete-runs-for-1907-nos-1-50-and-1912-nos-1-50 |website=Bernett Penka Rare Books}}</ref> During the First World War, it was published in the Armenian and Russian languages and was closed in 1916.
It was revived twice during the Soviet era. Only one issue was published in 1922, and a total of 7 issues were published in 1925–1926.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ხათაბალა : [2] Collection home page |url=https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/306120 |website=National Parliamentary Library of Georgia}}</ref> ''Khatabala'' differed from ''Karmir Motsak'' (another Armenian satirical periodical published in Tiflis) in its breadth of coverage of reality, the richness of factual material, and the color of artistic creativity. The publication affirmed the socialist doctrine while also criticising the undesirable features of reality and pitting two socialist and capitalist moral worlds against one another.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Բոդոսյան |first=Ս. |date=1961 |title=20-ական թվականների հայ երգիծական մամուլը |trans-title=Armenian satirical press of the 20s |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/119498/edition/108803 |journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences |language=hy |volume=10 |pages=43 |script-journal=hy:ՀՍՍՌ ԳԱ Տեղեկագիր հասարակական գիտությունների}}</ref> However, the number of issues in these publications was drastically reduced, and the humor's tone and storyline changed. ''Khatabala'' also stopped publishing along with such satirical periodicals ''Shesht'', ''Zurna'', ''Karmir Motsak''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yalanuzyan |first=Mikael |date=2021-05-25 |title=Caricature: From the Soviet Era to Independence |url=https://evnreport.com/magazine-issues/caricature-from-the-soviet-era-to-independence-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321171547/https://evnreport.com/magazine-issues/caricature-from-the-soviet-era-to-independence-2/ |archive-date=2023-03-21 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=EVN Report }}</ref> as a result of censorship.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Սուքիասյան |first1=Համո Կարենի |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfXLxgEACAAJ |title= |last2=Երանոսյան |first2=Նարինե |publisher=Ēditʻ Print |year=2018 |isbn=9789939752860 |location=Yerevan |language=hy |script-title=hy:Խորհրդային Հայաստանի երգիծական մամուլը 1920-ական թվականներին}}</ref> In the last years of its publication, it was published in the Armenian, Georgian and Russian languages.
== Contributors == Among its contributors were Gevorg Bashinjaghian, Henryk Hryniewsky, Garegin Yeritsyan, A. Mirzoyan, Josef Rotter, Atrpet, Musheg Bagratuni, Tmblachi Khachan, Garegin Levonyan, Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869–1923, considered the Armenian national poet), Avetik Isahakyan (1875–1957, a well-known Armenian poet), Movses Arazi, Stepan Zoryan.<ref name=":0" /> A number of the illustrations were also painted by Oskar Schmerling (1876–1938), the Georgian painter and graphic artist of German origin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oskar Schmerling |url=https://schmerling.org/en/people/oskar-schmerling |website=Beyond Caricature (The Oskar Schmerling Digital Archive)}}</ref> who taught Lado Gudiashvili and other leading modernist artists.<ref name=":1" />
== Gallery == <gallery widths="180" heights="180" perrow="4" caption="Cover pages"> File:The first issue of Khatabala (1906).jpg|alt=|Cover of the first issue from 1906 File:Khatabala 1907, No. 27, p. 1.jpg|Cover from 1907 File:Khatabala, 1908, No. 3.jpg|alt=|Cover from 1908 File:Leo Tolstoy, Khatabala, 1910, No. 46.jpg|alt=|Cover from 1910 </gallery><gallery widths="180" heights="180" perrow="4" caption="Internal affairs"> File:Khatabala, 1906, No. 11, p. 05.jpg|alt=|The victorious return of the Caucasian deputies of the State Duma File:Khatabala, 1907, No. 26, p. 08.jpg|alt=|The victorious return of the Caucasian deputies of the State Duma of the Second Convocation File:Khatabala, 1907, No. 31, p. 04.jpg|alt=|Hovhannes Tumanyan pours salt, Levon Shant stirs the fire, Stepan Lisitsian mixes the contents of the pot with one hand, adds ''Hasker'' numbers with the other to ''Lusaber'', mother tongue textbook. File:Khatabala, 1908, No. 11, p. 07.jpg|alt=|Mullah for Azerbaijanis and ''Vdak'' leaders for Armenians are calling for a boycott of ''Molla Nasreddin'' and ''Khatabala'' respectively </gallery><gallery widths="180" heights="180" perrow="4" caption="Armenian–Tatar massacres"> File:Khatabala, 1906, No. 06, p. 05.jpg|alt= File:Khatabala, 1906, No. 10, p. 04.jpg|alt= File:Khatabala, 1906, No. 14, p. 06.jpg|alt= File:Khatabala, 1906, No. 20, p. 08.jpg|alt= </gallery>
== External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Khatabala}} * [http://tert.nla.am/mamul/xatabala-1906/NASLib.html Digitized issues of ''Khatabala'' on the National Library of Armenia database] * [https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/521632 Some digitized issues of 1909 and 1911 of ''Khatabala'' on the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia webcite] * [https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/306120 The 1926 issues of ''Khatabala'' on the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia webcite]
== References == <references />
Category:1906 establishments in the Russian Empire Category:1926 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Category:Magazines published in the Soviet Union Category:Satirical magazines published in Russia Category:Magazines established in 1906 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1926 Category:Armenian journals