{{Infobox royalty | type = monarch | name = Kaykhusraw I | more = | image = File:Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw I bin Qilich Arslan. Second reign, AH 601-608 (AD 1204-1211).jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw I bin Qilich Arslan. Second reign, AH 601–608 (AD 1204–1211) | succession = Sultan of Rûm | reign = 1192–1196 | coronation = | predecessor = Kilij Arslan II | successor = Süleymanshah II | reign1 = 1205–1211 | coronation1 = | predecessor1 = Kilij Arslan III | successor1 = Kaykaus I | full name = Ghīyāth al-Dīn Kaykhusraw ibn Qilij Arslān | dynasty = Seljuk | issue = Kaykaus I<br>Kayqubad I<br>Muzaffar al-Din Numan | spouse = Dawlat Raziya Khatun, daughter of Manuel Maurozomes<br />Barduliya Khatun | father = Kilij Arslan II | mother = Ummuhan Khatun | birth_date = 1169 | birth_place = Kuyucak, Sultanate of Rum | death_date = {{death year and age|1211|1169|}} | death_place = Kuyucak, Sultanate of Rum | burial_place = Konya, Turkey | religion = Sunni Islam (Hanafi)<br>Eastern Orthodox Christianity (alleged) }} '''Kaykhusraw I''' ({{langx|trk-x-oldanat|كَیخُسرو}} or '''Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Kaykhusraw ibn Kilij Arslān'''; {{langx|fa|غياثالدين كيخسرو بن قلج ارسلان}}), the eleventh and youngest son of Kilij Arslan II, was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. He succeeded his father in 1192, but had to fight his brothers for control of the Sultanate, losing to his brother Suleiman II in 1196.{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2015|p=29}} He ruled it 1192–1196 and 1205–1211.
== Name == The name "Kaykhusraw" is based on the name of the legendary ''Shahnameh'' hero Kay Khosrow.{{sfn|Durand-Guédy|2013|p=191}}
== Background == Kaykhusraw's date of birth is unknown.{{sfn|Özgüdenli|2017}} He was the eleventh and youngest son of Kilij Arslan II ({{reign|1156|1192}}). His mother was of Byzantine ancestry; Christian Greek women were the dominant origin of the slave-concubines in the Seljuk harem.<ref>The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. (2012). Storbritannien: Bloomsbury Publishing.</ref> Kaykhusraw received a good education during his upbringing, learning other languages besides his native Turkish, which was Persian, Arabic, and Greek.{{sfn|Özgüdenli|2017}}
==Marriage== Kaykhusraw married a daughter of Manuel Maurozomes.{{sfn|Brand|1989|p=18}} Manuel Maurozomes would hold the castles of Chonae and Laodicea as a vassal of Kaykhusraw.{{sfn|Treadgold|1997|p=714}}
==Reign== In 1192/93, Kaykhusraw returned the Byzantine nobleman, Theodore Mangaphas, to Emperor Isaac II after receiving assurances of Mangaphas' treatment.{{sfn|Beihammer|2011|p=605}} With his brother, Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah, quickly advancing towards Konya, Kaykhusraw fled to Constantinople in 1196.{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2015|p=78}} He lived in Constantinople from 1197–1203, possibly even being baptised.{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2015|p=128}} A ''mathnawi'' written by Kaykhusraw himself compares his destiny during that period to that of the legendary Iranian hero Jam (Jamshid), who had to go into exile after losing his divine fortune (''farr'').{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2013|page=176}}
After Suleiman's death and Kilij Arslan's ascension to the sultanate, Kaykhusraw forced his way into Konya, removed Kilij from power and was enthroned for a second time.{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2015|pp=178–179}}
Kaykhusraw seized Antalya in 1207 from its Niceaen garrison which furnished the Seljuk sultanate with a port on the Mediterranean.{{sfn|De Nicola|Yıldız|Peacock|2015|p=121}} It was during this year, Kaykhusraw founded a mosque in Antalya.{{sfn|Crane|1993|p=6}}
Kaykhusraw was killed at the Battle of Antioch on the Meander in 1211.{{sfn|Van Tricht|2011|p=375}} His son Kayqubad I, by Manuel Maurozomes' daughter, ruled the Sultanate from 1220 to 1237, and his grandson, Kaykhusraw II, ruled from 1237 to 1246.{{sfn|Bosworth|1996|p=213}} Kaykhusraw's body was taken to Konya, where it was buried in the ancestral tomb of his family.{{sfn|Durand-Guédy|2013|p=199}}
==Identity== [[File:I Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev Meret Öwezov Antalya.jpg|thumb|Modern statue of Kaykhusraw I in Antalya, sculpted by Meret Öwezov]] According to Rustam Shukurov, Kaykhusraw I "had dual Christian and Muslim identity, an identity which was further complicated by dual Turkic/Persian and Greek ethnic identity".{{sfn|Peacock|Yildiz|2013|page=133}}
==Culture== Kaykhusraw wrote poetry in Persian.{{sfn|Özgüdenli|2017}} Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi (died after 1207) dedicated his historical chronicle of the Seljuk Empire, ''Rahat al-sudur wa-ayat al-surur'', to Kaykhusraw.{{sfn|Özgüdenli|2017}}{{sfn|Cahen|1997|p=816}}
==References== {{reflist|2}}
==Sources== *{{cite journal |title=Defection across the Border of Islam and Christianity: Apostasy and Cross-Cultural Interaction in Byzantine-Seljuk Relations |first=Alexander D. |last=Beihammer |journal=Speculum |volume=86| issue =3 JULY |year=2011 |pages=597–651 |doi=10.1017/S0038713411001138 |s2cid=162690013 }} *{{cite book |title=The New Islamic Dynasties |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1996 }} *{{cite journal |first=Charles M. |last=Brand |title=The Turkish Element in Byzantium, Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries |journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers |volume=43 |pages=1–25 |year=1989 |doi=10.2307/1291603 |jstor=1291603 }} *{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kaykhusraw |first=Claude |last=Cahen |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=IV |editor-first1=E. |editor-last1=Van Donzel |editor-first2=B. |editor-last2=Lewis |editor-first3=CH. |editor-last3=Pellat |publisher=Brill |year=1997 }} *{{cite journal |title=Notes on Saldjūq Architectural Patronage in Thirteenth Century Anatolia |first=H. |last=Crane |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=1–57 |year=1993 |doi=10.1163/156852093X00010 }} * {{cite book |last1=Durand-Guédy|first1=David |title=Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25700-9}} *{{cite book |title=Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia |editor-first1=Bruno |editor-last1=De Nicola |editor-first2=Sara Nur |editor-last2=Yıldız |editor-first3=A.C.S. |editor-last3=Peacock |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Company |year=2015 }} * {{EI3|last=Özgüdenli|first=Osman G.|year=2017|title=Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev I|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_32073}} *{{cite book|editor1-last=Peacock|editor1-first=A.C.S.|editor2-last=Yildiz|editor2-first=Sara Nur|title=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East|date=2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0857733467}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=A.C.S. |editor-last1=Peacock |editor-first2=Sara Nur |editor-last2=Yildiz |title=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2015 }} *{{cite book |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |first=Warren T. |last=Treadgold |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1997 }} *{{cite book |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228) |first=Filip |last=Van Tricht |publisher=Brill |year=2011 }}
{{s-start}} {{Succession box|title=Sultan of Rûm|before=Kilij Arslan II|after=Suleiman II|years=1192–1196}} {{Succession box|title=Sultan of Rûm|before=Kilij Arslan III|after=Kaykaus I|years=1205–1211}} {{s-end}} {{Sultans of Rum}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaykhusraw 01}} Category:1211 deaths Category:Monarchs killed in action Category:Byzantine–Seljuk wars Category:Year of birth unknown Category:13th-century sultans of Rum Category:12th-century sultans of Rum Category:12th-century Persian-language poets Category:People of Byzantine descent Category:13th-century Persian-language poets