Kermia

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Kermia melanoxytum 001.jpg |image_caption = Shell of ''Kermia melanoxytum'' (Hervier, 1896) (specimen at MNHN, Paris) |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Kermia |authority = Oliver, 1915 |synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> |synonyms = ''Clathurina'' Melvill, 1917 |type_species = ''Kermia benhami'' |type_species_authority = Oliver, 1915 |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text }}

'''''Kermia''''' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|205316|''Kermia'' Oliver, 1915||3 October 2010}}</ref>

This genus is closely related to ''Pseudodaphnella'' Boettger, 1895. They form together a genus-complex with a highly underestimated diversity, leading to intermixed clades. The lack of morphologic criteria requires the generic assignment of several species clearly to be reconsidered.

==Description== The elongate, fusiform shell has a narrow aperture that is nearly half the length of the shell. The protoconch consists of two whorls. But only in a few species the sculpture of the protoconch is coarsely diagonally reticulate. The shell structure is reticulate with glossy nodules on the intersections of the ribs and lirae. The siphonal canal is short and wide. The U-shaped or linguiform anal sinus is deep, located near the suture and is surrounded by a thick outer lip. The outer lip is denticulate within. The columella is smooth.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3343461#page/573/mode/1up W.R.B. Oliver, ''The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands''; Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute Volume: 47 (1915)]</ref>

==Distribution== This marine genus is widely distributed in the Indo Pacific, from the Red Sea to Easter Island; off Queensland, Australia

==Species== Species within the genus ''Kermia'' include:<ref name="WoRMS" /> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Kermia aegyptiaca'' Kilburn & Dekker, 2008<ref>{{WRMS species|434112|''Kermia aegyptiaca'' Kilburn & Dekker, 2008||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia aglaia'' (Melvill, 1904)<ref>{{WRMS species|434113|''Kermia aglaia'' (Melvill, 1904)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia albicaudata'' (Smith E. A., 1882)<ref>{{WRMS species|434114|''Kermia albicaudata'' (Smith E. A., 1882)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia albifuniculata'' (Reeve, 1846)<ref>{{WRMS species|434115|''Kermia albifuniculata'' (Reeve, 1846)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia alveolata'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)<ref>{{WRMS species|434116|''Kermia alveolata'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia aniani'' Kay, 1979<ref>{{WRMS species|434117|''Kermia aniani'' Kay, 1979||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia apicalis'' (Montrouzier in Souverbie, 1861) * ''Kermia benhami'' Oliver, 1915<ref>{{WRMS species|434118|''Kermia benhami'' Oliver, 1915||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia bifasciata'' (Pease, 1860)<ref>{{WRMS species|434119|''Kermia bifasciata'' (Pease, 1860)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia brunnea'' (Pease, 1860)<ref>{{WRMS species|434120|''Kermia brunnea'' (Pease, 1860)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * † ''Kermia bulbosa'' Harzhauser, 2014 * ''Kermia caletria'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)<ref>{{WRMS species|434121|''Kermia caletria'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia canistra'' (Hedley, 1922)<ref>{{WRMS species|434122|''Kermia canistra'' (Hedley, 1922)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia catharia'' (Melvill, 1917)<ref>{{WRMS species|434123|''Kermia catharia'' (Melvill, 1917)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia cavernosa'' (Reeve, 1845) * ''Kermia chichijimana'' (Pilsbry, 1904)<ref>{{WRMS species|434124|''Kermia chichijimana'' (Pilsbry, 1904)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia clathurelloides'' Kilburn, 2009 * ''Kermia crassula'' Rehder, 1980<ref>{{WRMS species|434126|''Kermia crassula'' Rehder, 1980||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia cylindrica'' (Pease, 1860)<ref>{{WRMS species|434127|''Kermia cylindrica'' (Pease, 1860)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia daedalea'' (Garrett, 1873) <ref>{{WRMS species|217104|''Kermia daedalea'' ||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia drupelloides'' Kilburn, 2009 * ''Kermia episema'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * ''Kermia eugenei'' Kilburn, 2009 * ''Kermia euryacme'' (Melvill, 1927) * ''Kermia euzonata'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''Kermia felina'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Kermia geraldsmithi'' Kilburn, 2009 * ''Kermia granosa'' (Dunker, 1871)<ref>{{WRMS species|434129|''Kermia granosa'' (Dunker, 1871)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia harenula'' (Hedley, 1922)<ref>{{WRMS species|434130|''Kermia harenula'' (Hedley, 1922)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia informa'' McLean & Poorman, 1971<ref>{{WRMS species|434131|''Kermia informa'' McLean & Poorman, 1971||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia irretita'' (Hedley, 1899) * ''Kermia lutea'' (Pease, 1860)<ref>{{WRMS species|434132|''Kermia lutea'' (Pease, 1860)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia maculosa'' (Pease, 1863) * ''Kermia margaritifera'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Kermia melanoxytum'' (Hervier, 1896)<ref>{{WRMS species|434133|''Kermia melanoxytum'' (Hervier, 1896)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia netrodes'' Melvill, 1917 * ''Kermia producta'' (Pease, 1860)<ref>{{WRMS species|434134|''Kermia producta'' (Pease, 1860)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia pumila'' (Mighels, 1845)<ref>{{WRMS species|434135|''Kermia pumila'' (Mighels, 1845)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia punctifera'' (Garrett, 1873) * ''Kermia pustulosum'' (Folin, 1867)<ref>{{WRMS species|434136|''Kermia pustulosum'' (Folin, 1867)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia sagenaria'' Rehder, 1980<ref>{{WRMS species|434138|''Kermia sagenaria'' Rehder, 1980||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia spanionema'' Melvill, 1917 * ''Kermia subcylindrica'' (Hervier, 1897)<ref>{{WRMS species|434140|''Kermia subcylindrica'' (Hervier, 1897)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia tessellata'' (Hinds, 1843)<ref>{{WRMS species|434142|''Kermia tessellata'' (Hinds, 1843)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia thespesia'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)<ref>{{WRMS species|434143|''Kermia thespesia'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia thorssoni'' Chang, 2001<ref>{{WRMS species|434144|''Kermia thorssoni'' Chang, 2001||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia tippetti'' Chang, 2001<ref>{{WRMS species|434145|''Kermia tippetti'' Chang, 2001||14 April 2010}}</ref> * ''Kermia tokyoensis'' (Pilsbry, 1895) {{div col end}} ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Kermia anxia'' Hedley, 1909 : synonym of ''Exomilus edychrous'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''Kermia barnardi'' (Brazier, 1876): synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella barnardi'' (Brazier, 1876) * ''Kermia chrysolitha'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896): synonym of ''Kermia punctifera'' (Garrett, 1873) * ''Kermia clandestina'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of ''Kermia pumila clandestina'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Kermia edychroa'' (Hervier, 1897):<ref>{{WRMS species|434128|''Kermia edychroa'' (Hervier, 1897)||14 April 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''Exomilus edychrous'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''Kermia gracilis'' de Folin, 1879 : synonym of ''Exomilus edychrous'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''Kermia hirsuta'' (de Folin, 1867): synonym of ''Microdaphne trichodes'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Kermia margaritifera'' Reeve, 1846: synonym of ''Kermia foraminata'' (Reeve, 1845) * ''Kermia mauritiana'' Sowerby, 1893: synonym of ''Kermia producta'' (Pease, 1860) * ''Kermia oligoina'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella oligoina'' Hedley, 1922 * ''Kermia picta'' Dunker, 1871: synonym of ''Philbertia felina'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Kermia pyrgodea'' (Melvill, 1917):<ref>{{WRMS species|435273|''Kermia pyrgodea'' (Melvill, 1917)||14 April 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''Kermia producta'' (Pease, 1860) * ''Kermia receptoria'' (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of ''Daphnella receptoria'' Melvill & Standen, 1901 * ''Kermia rufolirata'' (Hervier, 1897):<ref>{{WRMS species|434137|''Kermia rufolirata'' (Hervier, 1897)||14 April 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella rufolirata'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''Kermia semilineata'' Garrett, 1873 : synonym of ''Kermia granosa'' (Dunker, 1871) * ''Kermia spelaeodea'' (Hervier, 1897):<ref>{{WRMS species|434139|''Kermia spelaeodea'' (Hervier, 1897)||14 April 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella infrasulcata'' (Garrett, 1873) * ''Kermia subspurca'' (Hervier, 1896):<ref>{{WRMS species|434141|''Kermia subspurcum'' (Hervier, 1896)||14 April 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''Hemilienardia subspurca'' (Hervier, 1896) * ''Kermia thereganum'' Melvill & Standen, 1896: synonym of ''Kermia lutea'' (Pease, 1860) * ''Kermia violacea'' Pease, W.H., 1868 : synonym of ''Kermia pumila'' (Mighels, 1845) ;Species that are nomem dubium: * ''Kermia foraminata'' (Reeve, 1845)<ref>{{WRMS species|432726|''Kermia foraminata'' (Reeve, 1845)||14 April 2010}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}} * Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) ''A new operational classification of the Conoidea''. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308. * Powell, A.W.B. 1966. T''he molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species.'' Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23 * Kilburn, R. N. 2009. ''Genus Kermia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea: Conidae: Raphitominae) in South African waters, with observations on the identities of related extralimital species.'' African Invertebrates 50(2): 217-236

==External links== * {{cite journal | last1 = Tucker | first1 = J.K. | year = 2004 | title = Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00682f.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 682 | pages = 1–1295 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.682.1.1 }} * [http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_RAPHITOMIDAE.shtml Gastropods.com for images] * [http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmFamily/RAPHITOMIDAELS.htm Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Raphitomidae] * [http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_47/rsnz_47_00_008530.html Oliver W.R.B. (1915) ''The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands.'' Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 47, 509–568, pls. 9–12] * [http://www.sevin.ru/laboratories/Marine_Invertebrates/fedosov/Fedosov_Puillandre_2012.pdf Fedosov, Alexander E., and Nicolas Puillandre. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Kermia–Pseudodaphnella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Raphitomidae) genus complex: a remarkable radiation via diversification of larval development." Systematics and Biodiversity 10.4 (2012): 447-477] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910161017/http://www.sevin.ru/laboratories/Marine_Invertebrates/fedosov/Fedosov_Puillandre_2012.pdf |date=2021-09-10 }} * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933.2013.861939 Baoquan Li & Xinzheng Li (2014) Report on the Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) from the China Seas, Journal of Natural History, 48:17-18, 999-1025]

Category:Kermia Category:Raphitomidae Category:Gastropod genera