{{Infobox chess opening |openingname = Keres Defence |image = {{Chess diagram|| |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| |nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | | | |pd| | | | | | | | | | | | |bd|pl|pl| | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
}} |moves = 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+ |ECO = A40 |birth = Johann Löwenthal vs. Henry Thomas Buckle, 4th match game, London 1851 |nameorigin = Paul Keres |parentopening = Franco-Indian Defence |AKA = Kangaroo Defence }}
The '''Keres Defence''' (also known as the '''Kangaroo Defence''') is a chess opening characterised by the moves: : 1. d4 e6 : 2. c4 Bb4+
The opening is named after Estonian grandmaster Paul Keres. {{algebraic notation|pos=toc}}
==History== This opening was known since the 1840s and was played by Henry Thomas Buckle in his fourth match game with Johann Löwenthal, London 1851.<ref>{{citation |last1=Hooper |first1=David |authorlink1=David Vincent Hooper |last2=Whyld |first2=Kenneth |authorlink2=Kenneth Whyld |title=The Oxford Companion to Chess |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |edition=2nd |orig-date=First pub. 1992 |page=198 |entry=Keres Defence |isbn=0-19-280049-3 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1269234 Löwenthal vs. Buckle, London 1851] Chessgames.com</ref> The standard reply today, 3.Bd2, was recommended by Howard Staunton.
==Discussion== White can respond 3.Nc3, 3.Nd2, or 3.Bd2. The game often transposes to a Nimzo-Indian Defence, a Dutch Defence, a Queen's Gambit Declined, an English Defence, or a Bogo-Indian Defence. 3.Nc3 is likely to transpose into one of those openings: 3...Nf6 (Nimzo-Indian), 3...f5 (Dutch; Korn gives 3...Bxc3+ 4.bxc3 f5!,<ref>{{cite book |last=Korn |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Korn |title=Modern Chess Openings |edition=12th |publisher=David McKay Company, Inc |year=1982 |chapter=Queen's Pawn Games |page=312 |isbn=0-679-13500-6}}</ref> played by Buckle) 3...d5 (an unusual form of QGD), or 3...b6 (English). Black has the same options after 3.Nd2, except that 3...Nf6 4.Nf3 is a Bogo-Indian.
After 3.Bd2, Black can continue with 3...Bxd2+ into a line of the Bogo-Indian, and 3...a5 will also usually transpose to a Bogo-Indian when White plays Nf3. Or Black can allow White to play e4: 3...Qe7 4.e4 d5 (Black obtained a good game in Llanos–Hoffman, San Luis Clarin 1995 with 4...Nf6 5.a3 Bxd2+ 6.Nxd2 d6 7.Bd3 e5 8.d5 0-0)<ref>Schiller (1998), p. 227</ref> 5.Bxb4 (5.e5 Timman–Spraggett, Montpellier 1985)<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1131294 Timman vs. Spraggett, Montpellier 1985] Chessgames.com</ref><ref>Matanović 1996 (Vol A), p. 295, note 73</ref> Qxb4+ 6.Qd2! Qxd2+ (if 6...Nc6 then 7.Nc3!) 7.Nxd2 with slight advantage for White.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kasparov |first1=Gary |author-link1=Garry Kasparov |last2=Keene |first2=Raymond |author-link2=Raymond Keene |title=Batsford Chess Openings |publisher=American Chess Promotions |year=1982 |page=47 |isbn=0-7134-2112-6}}</ref>
==See also== * List of chess openings * List of chess openings named after people
==References== {{reflist|35em}}
'''Bibliography''' *{{cite book |editor-last=Matanović |editor-first=Aleksandar |editor-link=Aleksandar Matanović |title=Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings |publisher=Chess Informant |location=Yugoslavia |volume=A |edition=2nd |year=1996 }} *{{cite book |last=Schiller |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Schiller |title=Unorthodox Chess Openings |publisher=Cardoza Publishing |year=1998 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/unorthodoxchesso00schi/page/227 227–28] |isbn=0-940685-73-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/unorthodoxchesso00schi/page/227 }}
==Further reading== *{{cite book |last1=Benjamin |first1=Joel |author-link1=Joel Benjamin |last2=Schiller |first2=Eric |author-link2=Eric Schiller |title=Unorthodox Openings |publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company |year=1987 |contribution=Keres Defence |pages=68–69 |isbn=0-02-016590-0 }}
Category:Chess openings