Keiskamma River

{{Short description|River in the Eastern Cape, South Africa}} {{Use South African English|date=July 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox river | name = Keiskamma River | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Keiskammarivier | name_etymology = Meaning "sweet water" in the [[Khoekhoe language]]  | image = View of KKH from hill.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = general view of [[Keiskammahoek]] where the sources of the Keiskamma River lie | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Keiskamma River mouth  | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 =  | length = {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max =  | source1 = Near [[Keiskammahoek]] | source1_location = [[Amatola Mountains]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean]] | mouth_location = Near [[Hamburg, Eastern Cape|Hamburg]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|17|0|S|27|29|20|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Tyhume River|Tyhume]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The '''Keiskamma River''' ({{langx|af|Keiskammarivier}}) is a river in the [[Eastern Cape Province]] in [[South Africa]]. The river flows into the [[Indian Ocean]] in the Keiskamma Estuary, located by Hamburg Nature Reserve, near [[Hamburg, Eastern Cape|Hamburg]],<ref>[http://www.ecparks.co.za/downloads/Hamburg%20SMP_%20October%202006.pdf Integrated Management Plan for the Hamburg Nature Reserve]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> midway between [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]] and [[Port Alfred]]. The Keiskamma flows first in a southwestern and then in a southeastern direction after meeting its main tributary, the [[Tyhume River]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/keiskamma.html |title=South African Estuaries - Keiskamma |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008000238/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/keiskamma.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Keiskamma River marked the border between the [[Cape Province]] and former British [[Kaffraria]], known also then as Queen Adelaide's Province, until 1847.<ref>[http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2010/02/08/the-kat-river-rebellion-by-the-khoe-and-cape-creole-in-the-eastern-cape/ The Kat River Rebellion by the Khoe and Cape Creoles in the Eastern Cape]</ref>

Presently this river is part of the [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref>

==Ecology== There is a small population of the [[endangered]] [[Eastern Province rocky]] ''(Sandelia bainsii)'' in the [[Tyhume River]], part of the Keiskamma river basin.<ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/19889/all Sandelia bainsii]</ref>

==Dams== *[[Sandile Dam]]

== See also == * [[List of rivers of South Africa]] *[[List of estuaries of South Africa]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.climanet.uni-oldenburg.de/research/study-regions/keiskamma-river Keiskamma River Catchment (South Africa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022162105/http://www.climanet.uni-oldenburg.de/research/study-regions/keiskamma-river |date=22 October 2015 }} *[http://www.wildcoast.co.za/node/112 Towns of historical interest in the 'kei] *[http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/kat-river-rebellion/ Cape slavery heritage] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140301114040/http://eng.hrosi.org/show_pic.php?name=obr%2F0729.jpg&popisek=The+carcass+of+Huberta%2C+the+Keiskamma+River+%28Apr%26nbsp%3B1931%29 The carcass of Huberta, the Keiskamma River Hippopotamus (Apr 1931)]

[[Category:Rivers of the Eastern Cape]] [[Category:Internal borders of South Africa]]