{{Short description|Archaeological site in Morocco}} '''Kehf el Baroud''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Revue africaine, Volumes 60-61|date=23 October 2013|page=346|publisher=Société historique algérienne|isbn=978-1317797272|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QgOAQAAMAAJ|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> sometimes mistakenly spelled '''Kelif el Boroud''', is an archaeological site in [[Morocco]]. It is located to the south of [[Rabat]], near the Aterian industry of [[Aterian|Dar es Soltan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire|title=Bulletin de l'Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire, Volume 13|page=80|date=2002|publisher=Maison de la géologie|isbn=1317797272|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kc5QAQAAIAAJ|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>
==Genetics== {{See also|Natufian culture#Genetics|Taforalt#Ancient DNA|Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa#Genetics|Cave of El Toro#Genetics|Early European Farmers|Guanches#Population genetics}} {{harvnb|Fregel et al.|2018}} examined the remains of 8 individuals buried at Kelif el Boroud (c. 3780-3650 [[Common Era|BCE]]) during the Late Neolithic.{{sfn|Fregel et al.|2018|loc=Supplementary Notes, p. 9, Table S1.2}} The 1 sample of [[Y-DNA]] extracted belonged to the paternal haplogroup [[Haplogroup T-M184|T-M184]], while the 6 samples of [[mtDNA]] extracted belonged to the maternal haplogroups [[Haplogroup X (mtDNA)|X2b]] (two samples), [[Haplogroup K (mtDNA)|K1a1b1]] (two samples), [[Haplogroup K (mtDNA)|K1a4a1]] and lastly [[Haplogroup T (mtDNA)|T2b3]], with the other being undetermined.{{sfn|Fregel et al.|2018|loc=Supplementary Notes, p. 89, Table S1}}
{{Multiple image | image1 = Principal component analysis of 1195 present-day populations compared to ancient individuals.jpg | image2 = Principal component analysis of 1059 present-day populations compared to ancient individuals.jpg | caption2 = Morocco Late Neolithic in a shared genetic cluster with Guanches and North Africans | direction = vertical }}
The examined individuals were found to share genetic affinities with individuals buried at both the Early Neolithic sites of [[Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa]] in Morocco and the Early Neolithic [[Cave of El Toro]] in Spain. They were modelled as being of about 50% [[Early European Farmer]] (EEF) ancestry and 50% local North African (IAM) ancestry, suggesting substantial migration from [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]] into North Africa during the Neolithic era of human history. Moreover, they were found to have had a lower amount of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n admixture than earlier North Africans buried at Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa, but as well as present North Africans, suggesting that trans-Saharan migrations occurred after. Furthermore, unlike the earlier Ifri N'Amr population, they were fair skinned, and carried various alleles associated with [[light skin]] and light [[eye color|eye colors]].{{sfn|Fregel et al.|2018|p=6777}}
The Kelif el Boroud inhabitants were additionally found to be closely related to the native [[Guanches]] of the [[Canary Islands]] with them having similar admixture profiles, and being ancestral to today's North African populations. Geneticists who conducted these investigations concluded that: "We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans (c. ~5,000 BCE) are similar to Later Stone Age individuals from the same region and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, confirming a long-term genetic continuity in the region."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fregel |first=Rosa |last2=Méndez |first2=Fernando L. |last3=Bokbot |first3=Youssef |last4=Martín-Socas |first4=Dimas |last5=Camalich-Massieu |first5=María D. |last6=Santana |first6=Jonathan |last7=Morales |first7=Jacob |last8=Ávila-Arcos |first8=María C. |last9=Underhill |first9=Peter A. |last10=Shapiro |first10=Beth |last11=Wojcik |first11=Genevieve |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Morten |last13=Soares |first13=André E. R. |last14=Kapp |first14=Joshua |last15=Sockell |first15=Alexandra |date=2018-06-26 |title=Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1800851115 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=115 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6779 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1800851115 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=6042094 |pmid=29895688}}</ref>
Later research by Simões, Luciana G et al. 2023, showed KEB can be modelled as a mix of ancestries present in northwestern Africa during the Early and Middle Neolithic periods (7,400-6,000 ya). The newcomers from [[Europe]] and the [[Levant]] brought new ways of life, farming practices, goat and sheep domestication and pottery traditions. These distinct genetic groups coexisted in close proximity, the local hunter-gatherers, farmers from Iberia, and Levantine pastoralists.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Simões |first1=Luciana G. |last2=Günther |first2=Torsten |last3=Martínez-Sánchez |first3=Rafael M. |last4=Vera-Rodríguez |first4=Juan Carlos |last5=Iriarte |first5=Eneko |last6=Rodríguez-Varela |first6=Ricardo |last7=Bokbot |first7=Youssef |last8=Valdiosera |first8=Cristina |last9=Jakobsson |first9=Mattias |date=June 2023 |title=Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=618 |issue=7965 |pages=550–556 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..550S |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06166-6 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=10266975 |pmid=37286608 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==See also== *[[Capsian culture]] *[[Iberomaurusian]] *[[Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa]] *[[Kulubnarti]] *[[Luxmanda]] *[[Naqada]] *[[Cave of El Toro]] *[[Cardium pottery]] *[[Guanches]] *[[Taforalt]]
==References== {{Reflist|3}}
==Sources== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fregel |first1=Rosa |last2=Méndez |first2=Fernando L. |display-authors=1 |date=June 26, 2018 |title=Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=115 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6779 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1800851115 |doi-access=free |pmid=29895688 |pmc=6042094 |ref={{harvid|Fregel et al.|2018}}}} {{Refend}}
{{Navbox prehistoric caves}}
{{coord missing|Morocco}}
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Morocco]] [[Category:4th-millennium BC establishments]]