Kajmakčalan

{{Short description|Mountain in Greece and North Macedonia}} {{distinguish|Kaymakchal}} {{More citations needed|date=February 2012}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Kajmakčalan | other_name = Voras | image = Serbian chapel on Kajmakčalan (2521m).jpg | image_caption = The Serbian-built St. Peter's Orthodox church on the peak of Kajmakčalan | elevation_m = 2521 | elevation_ref = <ref name="peaklist">[http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html "Europe Ultra-Prominences"] The summit of Kaimaktsalan is in the Mount Voras ski area and may lie wholly within Greece. Topographic maps give the elevation as 2521m, while the ski resort literature gives the elevation as 2521m. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2012-02-19.</ref> | prominence_m = 1758 | prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/> | listing = Ultra | map = Greece | map_caption = Location in Greece (on border with North Macedonia) | map_size = 260 | label_position = top | location = Greece–North Macedonia border | range = Voras Mountains | coordinates = {{coord|40|55|52|N|21|47|21|E|type:mountain_region:GR_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/> | range_coordinates = | type = | age = }}

'''Kajmakčalan''' ('''Kaimakchalan'''), '''Kaimaki''', '''Kaimaktsalan''' or '''Voras''' ({{langx|el|Καϊμακτσαλάν}} or {{lang|el|Καϊμάκι}} or {{lang|el|Βόρας}}, {{langx|mk|Каjмакчалан|translit=Kajmakčalan}}), is a mountain on the border between Greece and North Macedonia. It is the southernmost and highest peak, {{convert|2521|m|ft|0}},<ref name="peakbagger">[http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10334 "Óros Voras, Greece/North Macedonia"] Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19.</ref> of a range known in Greek as the Voras Mountains and in Macedonian as Nidže. In terms of prominence, the Kaimaktsalan summit rises 1,758 metres above its surroundings. The frontier between the two countries runs across the summit.<ref name="peaklist"/> It is the third-highest peak in Greece after Mytikas and Smolikas and the fifth-highest in North Macedonia.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

==Etymology== The word "Kajmakčalan" is of Ottoman Turkish origin and inspired by its white, snowy peak: ''{{lang|tr|kaymakçalan}}'' means 'kaymak-like'. "Kaymak" in Turkish refers to a dairy product similar to clotted cream.

==Geology== The peak consists of granite, gneiss and mica.

==Climate== Kajmakčalan has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with short, cool summers and long, cold winters.

{{Weather box |location=Kaimaktsalan Ski Center, Greece 2090 m a.s.l (2008-2023) |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 9.4 |Feb record high C = 11.0 |Mar record high C = 10.3 |Apr record high C = 18.0 |May record high C = 21.3 |Jun record high C = 23.1 |Jul record high C = 25.5 |Aug record high C = 24.6 |Sep record high C = 21.3 |Oct record high C = 17.4 |Nov record high C = 14.1 |Dec record high C = 11.3 |year record high C = |Jan high C=-1.8 |Feb high C=-1.0 |Mar high C=0.8 |Apr high C=4.4 |May high C=9.5 |Jun high C=13.6 |Jul high C=16.7 |Aug high C=16.6 |Sep high C=12.4 |Oct high C=7.9 |Nov high C=4.6 |Dec high C=0.1 |year high C= |Jan mean C=-4.2 |Feb mean C=-3.6 |Mar mean C=-1.9 |Apr mean C=1.8 |May mean C=6.5 |Jun mean C=10.5 |Jul mean C=13.2 |Aug mean C=13.1 |Sep mean C=9.3 |Oct mean C=5.1 |Nov mean C=2.1 |Dec mean C=-2.3 |year mean C= |Jan low C=-6.6 |Feb low C=-6.2 |Mar low C=-4.5 |Apr low C=-0.9 |May low C=3.5 |Jun low C=7.3 |Jul low C=9.6 |Aug low C=9.6 |Sep low C=6.2 |Oct low C=2.3 |Nov low C=-0.5 |Dec low C=-4.7 |year low C= |Jan record low C = -20.8 |Feb record low C = -20.0 |Mar record low C = -19.1 |Apr record low C = -11.3 |May record low C = -4.6 |Jun record low C = -0.6 |Jul record low C = 2.6 |Aug record low C = 1.7 |Sep record low C = -4.5 |Oct record low C = -10.0 |Nov record low C = -12.1 |Dec record low C = -16.9 |year record low C = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm=89.7 |Feb precipitation mm=57.6 |Mar precipitation mm=58.8 |Apr precipitation mm=63.5 |May precipitation mm=99.2 |Jun precipitation mm=90.6 |Jul precipitation mm=32.6 |Aug precipitation mm=59.6 |Sep precipitation mm=74.6 |Oct precipitation mm=89.0 |Nov precipitation mm=113.1 |Dec precipitation mm=88.4 |year precipitation mm = 916.7 |Jan precipitation days=9.1 |Feb precipitation days=8.4 |Mar precipitation days=8.9 |Apr precipitation days=9.4 |May precipitation days=10.5 |Jun precipitation days=9.4 |Jul precipitation days=5.4 |Aug precipitation days=5.9 |Sep precipitation days=8.1 |Oct precipitation days=6.7 |Nov precipitation days=7.1 |Dec precipitation days=8.6 |year precipitation days = 97.4 |unit precipitation days= 1.0 mm |source 1= National Observatory of Athens Monthly Bulletins (Feb 2008 - Sep 2023) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=Meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα }}</ref> |source 2= Kaimaktsalan N.O.A station <ref>{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/kaimaktsalan/ | title=Latest Conditions in Kaimaktsalan }}</ref> and World Meteorological Organization<ref name="WMO">{{cite web | url=https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-kaimaktsalan | title=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=18 November 2023}}</ref> }}

==History== During World War I, in September 1916, the Battle of Kaymakchalan between Serbian and Bulgarian troops took place at Kajmakčalan and around the adjacent peaks, resulting in a Serbian victory. There is a small church and crypt for the Serbian Army soldiers who died in the battle. Near the top of the mountain, on the Greek side, there is a small church named ''St. Peter's'' (Sveti Petar in Serbian), the peak itself is called, besides Kajmakčalan, ''Profitis Ilias'' ({{langx|el|Εκκλησία Προφήτης Ηλίας}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.serbia.com/srpski/o-srbiji/istorija/srbija-u-prvom-svetskom-ratu/osmatracnica-sa-kajmakcalana/|title=Osmatračnica sa Kajmakčalana |website=www.serbia.com|accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [https://greekmountainflora.info/kajmaktcalan-flora/ Greek Mountain Flora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819152850/https://greekmountainflora.info/kajmaktcalan-flora/ |date=2021-08-19 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kajmakcalan}} Category:Greece–North Macedonia border Category:International mountains of Europe Category:Landforms of Pella (regional unit) Category:Mountains of Central Macedonia Category:Two-thousanders of Greece Category:Two-thousanders of North Macedonia Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe