{{Short description|Viennese ballet dancer, choreographer and ballet mistress}}
[[File:Kathi Lanner.jpg|thumb|Katti Lanner, 1861; lithography by [[Adolf Dauthage]]]] '''Katti Lanner''' (14 September 1829 – 15 November 1908) was a Viennese ballet dancer, choreographer, and ballet mistress who found fame in Germany and England, where she staged many productions at the Empire Theatre in London.<ref>J. Gilliand, "Lanner, Katharina Josefa," in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford University Press, 2004).</ref>
==Early life in Austria== '''Katharina Josefa Lanner''', known as Katti, was the daughter of [[Joseph Lanner|Josef Franz Karl Lanner]] (1801–1843) and his wife Franziska Jahns Lanner. Her father was director of dance music at the Viennese court and was celebrated as a composer and conductor, a great rival of the elder Johann Strauss, known as the Waltz King.<ref>Fritz Lange, ''Josef Lanner und Johann Strauss: Ihre Zeit, ihr Leben und ihre Werke'' (Vienna: Verlag des Verfassers, 1904).</ref> She began her dance training at the age of 14 with Pietro Campilli and [[André Isidore Carey]] at the ballet school of the Wiener Hofoper ([[Vienna State Opera|Vienna Court Opera]]). Having made her debut at the Theater am Kärntnertor in 1845 in the title role of ''Angelica'' by Antonio Guerras, she had her first great triumph in 1847 as Fennela, the title role of [[Daniel Auber]]'s opera ''Die Stumme von Portici'' [[La muette de Portici|(The Dumb Girl of Portici)]]. Thereafter, she appeared in ballets with [[Fanny Elssler]], [[Marie Taglioni]], and Paul Taglioni, dancing Myrtha in ''Giselle'' to great acclaim. Other principal roles in her repertory included those in ''Die Verwandelten Weiber'' by Paul Taglioni and ''Der Toreador'' by [[August Bournonville]].<ref>Futter, "Lanner, Katharina (Katti)," in ''Österreichisches Biographissches Lexikon 1815–1950'' (Vienna, Verlag der Österreischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1972), vol. 5.</ref>
==Dancing in Germany and on tour== After her widowed mother died in 1855, Katti Lanner decided to leave Vienna and seek employment in Germany. Early in 1856 she had a great success in Berlin in the title role of ''Giselle'', after which she went on to dance in Dresden, Munich, and Hamburg, where she choreographed her first major work, ''Uriella, der Dämon der Nacht'' (1857). In 1862, she was engaged as ballerina and ballet mistress at the Stadttheater Hamburg. Among the ten ballets she staged at the Hamburg Opera House were ''Die Rose von Sevilla'' (1862) and ''Asmodeus, oder Der Sohn des Teufels auf Reisen'' (1863).<ref>Joachim E. Wenzel, ''Geschichte der Hamburger Oper 1678–1978'' (Hamburg: Die Oper, 1978).</ref> She also organized a children's ballet troupe, took the Hamburger Ballett on tour to Berlin, and made guest appearances elsewhere.<ref>Betty June Myers, "Lanner, Katti," in ''International Encyclopedia of Dance'', edited by Selma Jeanne Cohen and others (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) vol. 4, p. 123.</ref>
Around 1865, Lanner founded her own company, the Viennese Ballet and Pantomime Troupe, which toured extensively in 1869–1872 in Scandinavia, Russia, France, Portugal, the United States, and England. Everywhere she was acclaimed for her performances as Giselle. A critic for a Lisbon newspaper called her simply "the best ballerina known,"<ref>Quoted in José Saportes, ''Historia de Dança em Portugal'' (Lisbon, 1970).</ref> In 1872, heading a troupe called the Kathi Lanner Choreographic Connection, she returned to New York to perform at the famous theater called [[Niblo's Garden]].<ref>Debra Craine and Judith Mackrell, "Lanner, Katti," in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Dance'' (Oxford University Press, 2000).</ref> In the extravaganza ''Leo and Lotus'' and particularly the pantomime ''Azarel'', her company received critical praise. A writer for ''The Spirit of the Times'' described its performance as 'well proportioned, harmonious, exact in time, graceful in its evolutions, and beautiful in its groupings." The following year, 1873, Lanner choreographed a ballet for fifty children as part of [[Augustin Daly]]'s revival of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''.<ref>Myers, "Lanner, Katti," in ''International Encyclopedia of Dance'' (1998), vol. 4, p. 123.</ref>
==Working in England== Lanner settled in London in 1875 and the next year took on direction of the National Training School for Dancing. Founded by J. H. Mapleson at Her Majesty's Theatre, the school had been moved to the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], in 1867, after Her Majesty's was destroyed by fire.<ref>Cyril W, Beaumont, "Our First National School of Dancing," ''Dancing Times'' (London), August 19677, pp. 588–589.</ref> Lanner was thus instrumental in establishing an institutional basis for English ballet.<ref>Ivor Forbes Guest, "An Early 'National' School: The Achievements of Katti Lanner," ''Dancing times'' (London), November 1958, p. 64.</ref> For the next eleven years, from 1876 to 1887, she supervised productions at the Theatre Royal, to the enthusiastic approval of audiences.
[[File:Mme. Katti Lanner.png|thumb|Katti Lanner before 1895]]
After the [[Empire, Leicester Square|Empire Theatre of Varieties]], a [[music hall]], opened on [[Leicester Square]] in 1887, Lanner became the ballet mistress of the resident company. During her twenty years in this post, she produced thirty-four ballets, many in collaboration with composers Hervé (Florimond Ronger) and [[Leopold Wenzel]] and designer [[C. Wilhelm]] (William James Charles Pitcher). Among them were ''The Sports of England'' (1887), ''Cleopatra'' (1889), ''The Paris Exhibition'' (1889), ''Orfeo'' (1891), ''Round the Town'' (1892–1895), ''On Brighton Pier'' (1894), ''Faust'' (1895), ''The Dancing Doll'' (1904–1905), and ''Sir Roger de Coverly'' (1907).<ref>Ivor Forbes Guest, ''The Empire Ballet'' (London: Society for Theatre Research, 1962).</ref><ref>Jane Pritchard, "Collaborative Creations for the Alhambra and the Empire," ''Dance Chronicle'' (New York), 24.1 (2001), pp. 55–82.</ref> She also worked closely with [[Adeline Genée]], ''prima ballerina'' of the company, who appeared in notable productions of ''Les Papillons'' (1900), ''High Jinks'' (1904), ''Cinderella'' (1906), and the British premiere of ''Coppélia'' (1906).<ref>Jane Pritchard, "Genée, Dame Adeline," in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford University Press, 2004), vol. 21, pp. 741–744.</ref> Although Lanner had to make concessions to music hall audiences,<ref>"How Ballets Are Made: An Interview with Mme Katti Lanner," ''[[Westminster Budget]]'' (London), 3 March 1893. Reprinted in ''Dance News'' (New York), June 1965, pp. 10–13.</ref> she and Dame Adeline kept classical ballet alive in Britain during the [[Edwardian era]], a somnolent period of activity.<ref>Ivor Forbes Guest, ''Ballet in Leicester Square: The Alhambra and the Empire, 1860–1915'' (London: Dance Books, 1992).</ref><ref>Jeffrey Richards, ''Imperialism and Music: Britain 1876–1953'' (Manchester University Press, 2002).</ref> Lanner is a notable figure in dance history as she was the first woman to make a career as a choreographer.
==Personal life== Katti Lanner married [[ballet master]] and company director Johann-Baptist Alfred Karl Viktor Geraldini in 1868. They had three daughters—Katharina, Albertina, and Sophie—before their marriage ended in divorce. She died at [[Clapham]], in southwest London, and was buried with fellow dancer Giuseppe Venuto de Francesco at [[West Norwood Cemetery]].
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225054/http://www.fownc.org/newsletters/no50.shtml Newsletter 50] Friends of West Norwood Cemetery * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070323074337/http://www.picturehistory.com/find/p/23007/mcms.html Katti Lanner] Carte de visite photograph at Picture History * J. Gilliland, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/56374 Lanner, Katharina Josefa (1829–1908)], [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], 2004 (Subscription required) * [https://www.flaneurin.at/katti_lanner/ Katti Lanner was a Trailblazer] Biographical study in German
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lanner, Katti}} [[Category:1829 births]] [[Category:1908 deaths]]
[[Category:Ballerinas from the Austrian Empire]] [[Category:Ballet choreographers]] [[Category:Choreographers from the Austrian Empire]] [[Category:Austrian women choreographers]] [[Category:Austrian choreographers]] [[Category:Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Dancers from Vienna]] [[Category:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery]]