{{short description|American lawyer (1845–1925)}} {{about||the American lawyer|Kate Hamilton Pier}} {{Use American English|date=March 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} thumb|Kate Pier '''Kate Pier''' (June 22, 1845 – June 25, 1925) was an American court commissioner and the first woman in the United States to be conferred with judicial powers.
== Early life == Kate Hamilton was born in St. Albans (town), Vermont, on June 22, 1845. Her father was John Hamilton and her mother Mary (née Meekin). Both parents were of Scots-Irish descent.<ref name="Willard" /> When she was eight years old, the family moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.<ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" />
When 17, Hamilton graduated from Fond du Lac High School. She went on to teach in Empire, Wisconsin, and later in Fond du Lac for about three years.<ref name="Willard" /><ref name="Eagle River News" /><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" />
== Career == thumb|left|Kate Pier, 1893
After her father died in 1870, her mother lived with her. With the inheritance she received from her father, she went to law school and became a lawyer. Her three daughters, Kate Hamilton Pier McIntosh, Caroline Hamilton Pier Roemer and Harriet Hamilton Pier Simonds, would also attend law school. A fourth daughter, Mary, died while a student at the German and English Academy in Fond du Lac.<ref name="Eagle River News" /> Mother and daughters constituted a law firm practicing first in Fond du Lac and then, in 1888, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.<ref name="Willard" /><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" /> In 1891 Caroline and Harriet were admitted to the bar, and in this way mother and daughters were four of the eight female lawyers in Wisconsin.<ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" /><ref name="Oshkosh Northwestern">{{cite journal|title=Laws, nations know women's influence - 08 Mar 1985, Fri • Page 8|journal=The Oshkosh Northwestern|date=1985|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13783147/the_oshkosh_northwestern/|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref>
In 1871 Pier began business life by assuming the charge of her mother's and her own share of a large estate left by her father.<ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" /> She worked from her father's office in the Darling Block, corner First and Main Streets, Fond du Lac, and from the bank and law office in which her husband had an interest.<ref name="Eagle River News" /> Her success brought others to her for assistance in their own affairs. As a result, from a general real estate business, in which there was naturally always a fair amount of legal work, Pier, under the advice of her friends, entered upon the profession of law, in which she paid special attention to real estate and probate law.<ref name="Willard" />
She wanted her daughters to begin business life under her personal supervision. She started alone and knew what pioneer business undertakings meant for a woman. She wished her girls to benefit from her experience. As it was a new venture for girls to enter law schools, she desired to take the course with her oldest. Pier and her daughter Kate began their legal studies together in the law department of the Wisconsin State University, in 1886. It was a unique precedent and brought the talented pair immediately into public notice.<ref name="Willard" /> Pier received an LL.B. degree on June 22, 1887, on her 42nd birthday.<ref name="Eagle River News" /><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" />
In 1892 she was appointed circuit Court Commissioner for Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. It was the first time in the United States that judicial powers had been conferred on a woman.<ref name="Willard" /><ref name="Eagle River News" /><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" /><ref name="Oshkosh Northwestern" />
Pier was the first woman to vote in the Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin; it happened at an election years before women's suffrage in the United States.<ref name="Eagle River News" />
She was a member of the First Presbyterian church in Fond du Lac. She was a member of the Woman's Relief Corps and of the Order of the Eastern Star. She was the only honorary member of the Milwaukee Business Women's Club. She was the president of the Portia Club and Dean of Psi chapter at Madison of the Kappa Beta Pi legal sorority. She was vice-president for Wisconsin of the National Association of Women Lawyers.<ref name="Eagle River News" />
== Personal life == thumb|Kate Pier, 1902
On June 25, 1866, Kate Hamilton married Col Colwert Kendall Pier (died 1895), of Fond du Lac. They knew each other since they were children and he was the first man from Fond du Lac to enlist in the Union Army.<ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" /> He did four years of military service under General Grant and, after fulfilling his term of enlistment, he studied law in Albany, New York.<ref name="Willard" /><ref name="Eagle River News">{{cite journal|title=Kate Hamilton Pier is laid to rest on wedding day; many pay tribute|journal=Eagle River News|date=1925|pages=4–5|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Newspaper/BA3090|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" />
In addition to her own three daughters, assisted by her mother, Pier brought up two nephews from their infancy.<ref name="Willard">{{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth, 1839-1898|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice, 1820-1905|title=A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life|date=1893|publisher=Buffalo, N.Y., Moulton|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will/page/571 571]–572|url=https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will|accessdate=8 August 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> They lived in the Pier homestead south of Fond du Lac which was built by Colwert Pier's father in the 1840s.<ref name="Commonwealth Reporter" />
She died on June 23, 1925, at the family home in Fond du Lac, and is buried in the Hamilton family plot in the Reinzi Cemetery.<ref name="Eagle River News" /><ref name="Commonwealth Reporter">{{cite journal|title=Kate Pier's "diary" traces success - 07 Feb 1982, Sun • Page 7|journal=Fond du Lac Commonwealth Reporter|date=1982|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13782803/fond_du_lac_commonwealth_reporter/|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref>
== Legacy == In 1982 Kate Pier was included in a book honoring 300 women from Wisconsin, released by the American Association of University Women as a part of the group's centennial celebration, ''Wisconsin Women: A Gifted Heritage''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=AAUW book honors notable women - 07 Feb 1982, Sun • Page 7|journal=Fond du Lac Commonwealth Reporter|date=1982|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13782671/fond_du_lac_commonwealth_reporter/|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref>
Pier Elementary School in Fond du Lac is named after the family.<ref name="The Post-Crescent">{{cite journal|title=Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling - 01 Nov 1998, Sun • Page 23|journal=The Post-Crescent|date=1998|page=23|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13783241/the_postcrescent/|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pier, Kate}} Category:1845 births Category:1925 deaths Category:People from St. Albans, Vermont Category:People from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin Category:Educators from Wisconsin Category:American women educators Category:Wisconsin lawyers Category:19th-century American women lawyers Category:Woman's Relief Corps people Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century Category:19th-century American lawyers