{{Short description|Polish pianist, composer and conductor (1821–1897)}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Karol Mikuli | image = Karol Mikuli.jpg | alt = | caption = Portrait of Karol Mikuli | image_size = 200px | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1821|10|22}} | birth_place = Czernowitz, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1897|05|21|1819|10|20}} | death_place = Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary | origin = Armenian, Romanian | instrument = | genre = | occupation = pianist, composer, conductor and teacher | years_active = | label = | associated_acts = | website = }}
'''Karol Mikuli''', also known as '''Charles Mikuli''' ({{langx|hy|Կարոլ Միկուլի}} or Կարոլ Պստիկյան; 22 October 1821 – 21 May 1897), was a Polish pianist, composer, conductor and teacher. His students included Moriz Rosenthal, Raoul Koczalski, Aleksander Michałowski, Ciprian Porumbescu,<ref>{{cite web | title=Discipolul lui Chopin şi profesorul lui Ciprian Porumbescu | Libertatea Cuvântului (Cernăuți) | date=20 October 2020 | url=https://lyberti.com/discipolul-lui-chopin-si-profesorul-lui-ciprian-porumbescu/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Compozitorul de origine armeană, Carol Miculi, culegea folclor românesc de la huţulii din Carpații Bucovinei | Curentul International | date=16 November 2023 | url=https://curentul.net/2023/11/16/compozitorul-de-origine-armeana-carol-miculi-culegea-folclor-romanesc-de-la-hutulii-din-carpatii-bucovinei/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=The famous pianist Carol Miculi. Impressions from a musical event as part of the festival Mandyczewski Fest | url=https://editurafrm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/4-LUCEAC-t.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211225924/https://editurafrm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/4-LUCEAC-t.pdf | archive-date=2024-12-11}}</ref> Jaroslaw Zieliński, Kornelia Parnas and Heinrich Schenker.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge history of Western music theory|pages=813}}</ref>
== Biographical notes == Mikuli (birth surname '''Bsdikian''')<ref>[http://shirakschools.am/3.gyumrva-mitq-magazine/g-mitq-10/Hay.htm «Կրթության ասպարեզ» հասարակական կազմակերպություն - Հայը և հայկականը - Շոպենի ասիստենտը եղել է հայազգի Կարլ Միկուլինը (Պստիկյան):]{{dead link|date=September 2014}}</ref> was born on October 22, 1821,<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/vadis.lis/posts/1136701139780086 New arguments about Karol Mikuli's birthday from church book of October 1821 (photo).]</ref> in Czernowitz, then part of the Austrian Empire (today Chernivtsi, Ukraine) to a Romanianized<ref>{{Cite web| title=The famous pianist Carol Miculi. Impressions from a musical event as part of the festival Mandyczewski Fest | url=https://editurafrm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/4-LUCEAC-t.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211225924/https://editurafrm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/4-LUCEAC-t.pdf | archive-date=2024-12-11}}</ref> Moldavian-Armenian family.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mikuli-karl-karol Mikuli, Karl (Karol) The Gale Group, Inc.]</ref> He studied under Frédéric Chopin for piano (later becoming his teaching assistant) and Anton Reicha for composition. He toured widely as a concert pianist, becoming Director of the Lviv Conservatory in 1858. He founded his own school there in 1888.<ref>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed, 1954</ref> He died in Lemberg, then part of Austrian Galicia (today Lviv, Ukraine) and is buried in Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv.
== Editions == Mikuli is most well known as an editor of works by Chopin. Dover Publications publishes reprints of his 1879 editions of Chopin's piano music, originally published by F. Kistner (Leipzig). He used several verified sources, most of which were written or corrected by Chopin himself. His editions of Chopin's works were first published in America in 1895.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
Mikuli also took detailed notes of Chopin's comments made in lessons and interviewed witnesses of Chopin's performances. For many years he was regarded as the primary authority on Chopin and his remarks about Chopin's playing were often quoted by biographers.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
== Compositions == thumb|Mikuli's grave in Lychakiv cemetery, Lviv, Ukraine. ;Orchestral * ''48 Airs nationaux roumains'' for orchestra, also arr. piano.
;Chamber music * ''Polonaise'' for 3 violins, Op. 7 (published 1862) * ''Serenade'' in A{{music|flat}} major for clarinet and piano, Op. 22 (1880) (Romanian: Serenadă pentru clarinet și pian, Op. 22) * ''Scherzino'' in C minor for 3 violins, Op. 25 (1880) * ''Grand duo'' in A major for violin and piano, Op. 26
;Piano * ''Prélude et presto agitato'', Op. 1 (published 1859) * ''4 Mazurkas'', Op. 2 (1860) * ''Mazurka'' in F minor, Op. 4 (1860) * ''2 Polonaises'', Op. 8 (1862) * ''48 Airs nationaux roumains (Ballades, chants des bergers, airs de danse, etc.)'' in 4 volumes (1863) * ''6 Pièces'', Op. 9 (published 1866 by Spina in Vienna) * ''Mazurka'', Op. 10 (1866) * ''Mazurka'' in B minor, Op. 11 (1866) * ''Étude'' in B major for piano with harmonium, Op. 12 (1867) * ''6 Danses allemandes'', Op. 13 (1867) * ''Méditation'', Op. 14 (1867) * ''Andante con Variazioni'' for piano 4-hands, Op. 15 (1867) * ''6 Valses'', Op. 18 (1869) * ''2 Nocturnes'', Op. 19 (1869) * ''Valse'' in A major, Op. 20 (1869) * ''Ballade'' in B{{music|flat}} major, Op. 21 (1871) * ''12 Variantes (Variations) harmoniques sur la gamme d'Ut majeure'' for piano 4-hands, Op. 23 (1880); published by Kistner (Leipzig) * ''10 Pièces'', Op. 24 (1880)
;Vocal * ''6 Lieder'' for voice and piano, Op. 16 (1867) * ''6 Lieder'' for voice and piano, Op. 17 (1867) * ''7 Lieder'' for voice and piano, Op. 27 (1880) * ''2 Duette'' for soprano, tenor and piano, Op. 28 (1880) * ''Die Reue: „Die Nacht war schwarz“'' for baritone and string orchestra, Op. 30 (1880)
;Choral * ''7 Lieder'' for soprano, alto, tenor and bass, Op. 17 (1880) * ''Paraphrase sur un ancien Chant de Noël polonais'' for 4 voices (solo and chorus), strings and organ (or piano 4-hands), Op. 31 (1881) * ''2 Spiritual Songs'' for male chorus and soli, Op. 32 * ''Veni creator'' for mixed chorus and organ, Op. 33<ref>Chopin, Frédéric. Mikuli, Carl (Editor). ''Complete Ballades, Impromptus and Sonatas'' Dover Publications (1 September 1981) {{ISBN|0-486-24164-5}}</ref>
== Recordings == * Şahan Arzruni: An Anthology of Armenian Piano Music, Vol I, Musical Heritage Society - MHS 4080.
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == {{Commons category|Karol Mikuli}} * {{IMSLP|id=Mikuli, Carl}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003002752/http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/mikuli.htm Charles (Carl, Karol) MIKULI (1821-1897)] L'élève arménien de Frédéric Chopin à Paris et son éditeur en Podolie-Galicie * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000303231733/http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/2217/mikuli.htm Chopin as Pianist and Teacher] Excerpt from the forward to his edition of Chopin's works for publisher F. Kistner, 1879 * [https://polona.pl/search/?query=Karol_Mikuli&filters=creator:%22Mikuli,_Karol_(1819--1897)%22,creator:%22Mikuli,_Karol_(1819--1897)_Kompozytor%22,public:1,hasTextContent:0 Scores by Karol Mikuli] in digital library Polona
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mikuli, Karol}} Category:19th-century Austrian musicians Category:Polish composers Category:Polish Romantic composers Category:Romanian classical pianists Category:Romanian classical composers Category:Austrian classical pianists Category:Polish male classical pianists Category:Austrian classical composers Category:Pupils of Frédéric Chopin Category:Musicians from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Category:Musicians from Chernivtsi Category:Poles in Austria-Hungary Category:Polish people of Romanian descent Category:Polish people of Armenian descent Category:1821 births Category:1897 deaths Category:Academic staff of the Lviv National Music Academy Category:19th-century Polish classical composers Category:19th-century Polish classical pianists Category:19th-century Polish musicians Category:19th-century Polish male musicians Category:19th-century male pianists