{{Short description|Austrian nuclear physicist}} '''Karl Lintner''' (1917 – 11 February 2015) was an Austrian nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club; he did research on the inelastic dispersion of fast neutrons in uranium. After the war, he taught and did nuclear research at the University of Vienna. He was a full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
==Education==
From 1936 to 1940, Lintner studied physics at the ''Universität Wien''. He received his doctorate in 1940, under Georg Stetter.<ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Lintner.</ref>
==Career==
From 1941, Lintner was a teaching assistant to Georg Stetter at the ''Universität Wien''. During World War II, Lintner worked on a team headed by Georg Stetter, a principal working on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the ''Uranverein'' (Uranium Club). Stetter led a group of six physicists and physical chemists in measuring atomic constants and neutron cross sections, as well as investigating transuranic elements; in 1943, Stetter held the unified directorship of the ''Institut für Neutronenforschung'' (Institute for Neutron Research), the ''II. Physikalische Institut'' and the ''Institut für Neutronenforschung'' (Institute for Neutron Research). Lintner did research on the inelastic dispersion of fast neutrons in uranium.<ref>Walker, 1993, 52-53 and 126.</ref><ref>Horst Kant ''Werner Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project / Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen'', Preprint 203 (Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, [http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P203.PDF 2002]) pp. 19.</ref><ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Stetter.</ref><ref>Georg Stetter, Josef Schintlmeister, Willibald Jentschke, Richard Herzog, Friedrich Prankl, Leopold Wieninger, Karl Kaindl, Franz Gundlach, Walter Biberschick, and Tullius Vellat ''Bericht über das II. Physikalische Institut der Wiener Universität'' G-345 ([http://www.deutsches-museum.de/archiv/archiv-online/geheimdokumente/forschungszentren/wien-heidelberg-strassburg/taetigkeitsbericht-pi-wien/ 27 June 1945]).</ref><ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 374 and 374n58.</ref><ref>Werner Heisenberg ''Research in Germany on the Technical Applications of Atomic Energy'', ''Nature'' Volume 160, Number 4059, 211-215 (August 16, 1947). See also an annotated version: ''Document 115. Werner Heisenberg: Research in Germany on the Technical Application of Atomic Energy [August 16, 1947]'' in Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) ''Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources'' (Birkhäuser, 1996) 361-379.</ref><ref>[http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/atomkeller/geheimberichte_verzeichnis.html Haigerloch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328121144/http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/atomkeller/geheimberichte_verzeichnis.html |date=2009-03-28 }} - ''Stadt / Atomkeller-Museum / Geheimberichte''</ref>
From 1945, Lintner was an assistant at the ''II. Physikalische Institut der Wiener Universität'' (Second Physics Institute of the University of Vienna), under Eduard Haschek, Karl Przibram, and Erich Schmid. From 1949, he was a Privatdozent at the university. Around 1959, he was a titular ''ausserordentlicher Professor'' (extraordinarius professor) there, and later an ''ordentlicher Professor'' (ordinarius professor). He was a full member of the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of the ''Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften''<ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Lintner.</ref><ref>[http://www.oeaw.ac.at/oeaw_servlet/e_PersonenDetailsGeneric?id=10896 Lintner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522092749/http://www.oeaw.ac.at/oeaw_servlet/e_PersonenDetailsGeneric?id=10896 |date=2011-05-22 }} – Austrian Academy of Sciences</ref>
==Classified reports==
*Georg Stetter and Karl Lintner ''Schnelle Neutronen im Uran. Der Zuwachs durch den Spaltprozeß und der Abfall durch unelastische Streuung'' (7 November 1941).<ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 374n58.</ref>
The following are cited as ''Geheimberichte'' (secret reports) on German nuclear research from the period 1939 to 1945 and which are being held in the ''Stadtarchiv Haigerloch'':<ref>The documents on the German nuclear energy project (1939 – 1945) held in the ''[http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/atomkeller/geheimberichte_verzeichnis.html Stadtarchiv Haigerloch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328121144/http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/atomkeller/geheimberichte_verzeichnis.html |date=2009-03-28 }}'' were provided by Erich Bagge.</ref>
* Georg Stetter and Karl Lintner ''Schnelle Neutronen in Uran (I)'' *G. Stetter and K. Lintner ''Schnelle Neutronen in Uran (II und III): Streuversuche'' *K. Lintner ''Schnelle Neutronen in Uranoxyd IV'' *W. Jentschke and K. Lintner ''Schnelle Neutronen in Uran V''. This paper is also identified as G-277.<ref>Paul Lawrence Rose ''Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project: A Study in German Culture'' (University of California, 1998) 110n9.</ref> There are nearly 400 reports in the G-series. Many of the reports in this series were published in ''Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte'' (''Research Reports in Nuclear Physics''), an internal publication of the German ''Uranverein''. The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics.<ref>Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for ''Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte''.</ref><ref>Walker, 1993, 268-274.</ref>
==Literature by Lintner==
*K. Lintner, H. Moser, and J. Cerny ''On Spherical Setups used for the Determination of Cross Sections for Fast-Neutron Phenomena'' [In German], ''Sitzber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturw. Klasse, Abt. IIa'' Volume 158, 123-34 (1950) *K. Lintner ''Interaction of Fast Neutrons with the Heaviest Stable Nuclei (bi, Pb, Tl, and Hg)'' [In German], ''Acta Phys. Aust.'' Volume 3, 352-83 (1950) *E. Schmid and K. Lintner ''Further Research on The Effects of Radiation on Metals'' [In German], ''Z. Metallk.'' Volume 51, 615-20 (1960). Institutional affiliation: University of Vienna. *K. Lintner and E. Schmid ''The Problem of Radiation Influence of Solid Bodies'', ''Nukleonik'' Volume 1, 29-40 (1958). Institutional affiliation: University of Vienna. *K. Lintner ''Effect of Irradiation on the Plasticity of Metal Crystals'' [In German] ''Acta Physica Austriaca'' Volume 16, 256-64 (1963). Institutional affiliation: University of Vienna. *K. Lintner ''Nuclear Physics Methods in Metal Physics'' [In German],''Acta Physica Austriaca'', Volume 18, 116-45 (1964). Institutional affiliation: University of Vienna. *I. Schreiner and K. Lintner ''Study of Radiation Effets by Microhardness Measurements'', ''Acta Physica Austriaca'' Volume 18, 292-6 (1964). Institutional affiliation: University of Vienna.
==Bibliography==
*Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) ''Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources'' (Birkhäuser, 1996) {{ISBN|0-8176-5312-0}} *Walker, Mark ''German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949'' (Cambridge, 1993) {{ISBN|0-521-43804-7}}
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lintner, Karl}} Category:1917 births Category:2015 deaths Category:Austrian nuclear physicists Category:Academic staff of the University of Vienna Category:20th-century Austrian physicists Category:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany