Karatsu Domain

{{short description|Japanese historical estate in Hizen province}} {{Infobox former subdivision |_noautocat = |native_name = 唐津藩 |conventional_long_name = Karatsu Domain |common_name = Karatsu Domain |subdivision = Han |nation = |status_text = Domain of Japan |government_type = Daimyō  |title_leader = ''Daimyō'' |leader1 = Terazawa Hirotaka <small>(first)</small> |year_leader1 = 1593-1633 |leader2 = Ogasawara Nagakuni <small>(last)</small> |year_leader2 = 1840-1871 |capital = Karatsu Castle |coordinates = |political_subdiv =  |today = Saga Prefecture   |year_start = 1593 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = |date_start = |event_end =  |date_end =  |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 = |life_span = |era = Edo period |event_pre =  |date_pre = |event_post =  |date_post =  |image_flag =  |image_border =  |flag_type =  |flag =  |image_coat = Image:Mon ogasawara.svg |symbol_type = ''Mon'' of the Ogasawara clan |symbol =  |image_map = Karatsujo.jpg |image_map_caption = Donjon of Karatsu Castle  |stat_year1 =  |stat_area1 =  |stat_pop1 =  |footnotes =  {{Location map|Japan Saga Prefecture#Japan |width = |float = |border = |caption = Location of Kashima Castle |alt = |relief = 1 |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |coordinates= {{Coord|33|27|12.74|N|129|58|41.5|E}} }}}}

thumb|right|270px|Karatsu Castle {{nihongo|'''Karatsu Domain''' 唐津藩|Karatsu han}}, located in Hizen Province, was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was centered on Karatsu Castle, in what is now the urban center of the city of Karatsu, Saga Prefecture. It was ruled by a number of Fudai daimyō clans in its history, and was controlled in the Bakumatsu period by the Ogasawara clan.<ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ph.D |first=Constantine Nomikos Vaporis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwTHEAAAQBAJ&dq=Karatsu+Domain&pg=PT282 |title=Samurai: An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors |date=2019-03-14 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=979-8-216-14151-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yamakawa |first1=Kikue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfbyFVdlwPgC&dq=Karatsu+Domain&pg=PA29 |title=Women of the Mito Domain: Recollections of Samurai Family Life |last2=Nakai |first2=Kate Wildman |date=2001 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-3149-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ikeo |first=Aiko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rJEAwAAQBAJ&dq=Karatsu+Domain&pg=PA170 |title=A History of Economic Science in Japan: The Internationalization of Economics in the Twentieth Century |date=2014-04-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-74753-6 |language=en}}</ref>

==History== '''Terazawa Hirotaka''' was a loyal retainer of '''Toyotomi Hideyoshi''' and played a significant role during the Japanese invasions of Korea in 1592. Specifically, he worked as a construction worker for Hizen Nagoya Castle and was responsible for managing logistics. In recognition of his contributions, Hideyoshi granted him a commission that included Nagoya in 1593. Additionally, Hirotaka was appointed as the Nagasaki Magistrate and given control over approximately 83,000 ''koku'' in the entire Matsura District. He further showcased his capabilities during the Keichō era by actively participating in combat in Korea. Hirotaka's allegiance to the eastern army in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 led to being rewarded with an additional 40,000 ''koku'' in the Amakusa District, Higo Province by the Tokugawa shogunate. This elevated his status to that of a ''daimyō'' with a ''kokudaka'' of 123,000 ''koku'', marking the pinnacle of his success. However, following Hirotaka's death, his successor Terazawa Katataka faced challenges during the Shimabara Rebellion. The rebellion spread to Amakusa, and although Katataka was not as strict as Matsukura Katsuie, he implemented harsh policies within his fiefdom. Consequently, the shogunate held him responsible for the rebellion and confiscated his 40,000 ''koku'' in Amakusa. Overwhelmed by the stress, Katataka committed ''seppuku''. As he had no heir, the Terazawa clan faced a decline in their fortunes.

Several families were rotated through Karatsu for the next century: two generations of the Ōkubo clan; three generations of the Ogyū-Matsudaira clan, four generations of the Doi clan, and four of the Mizuno clan, including the famous reformer Mizuno Tadakuni. The domain then passed into the hands of Ogasawara Nagamasa,<ref>Rein, ''Japan'', p. 521.</ref> whose family remained until Karatsu domain was abolished in 1871. In 1771, the Niji-no-Matsubara Uprising broke out, triggered by the tax increase imposed on farmers by Mizuno Tadanori, and the farmers were able to bloodlessly reverse the tax increase. Ogasawara Nagayuki, who became the de facto last ''daimyō'' of the Karatsu Domain, served as senior councilor and general secretary of foreign affairs during the late Edo period. Moreover, during the Boshin War in 1868, he fought on the side of the former shogunate army all the way to Hakodate, and remained loyal to the shogunate until the end. However, many official documents regard his father, Ogasawara Nagakuni as the last official ''daimyō'' as his succession was never officially recognized, and the Karatsu's domain-based administration was forced to pledge military support to the Satchō Alliance of Emperor Meiji.

Ogasawara Naganari, the Meiji period Imperial Japanese Navy admiral, was a descendant of the Ogasawara branch which ruled Karatsu.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period== As with most domains in the han system, Karatsu Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''kokudaka'', based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*Hizen Province **186 villages in Matsura-gun

== List of daimyō == :{| class=wikitable ! || Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''Kokudaka'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Terazawa clan,''' 1593 - 1647 (''Tozama daimyo'') |- |1||Terazawa Hirotaka (寺沢広高)||1593 - 1633||''Shima-no-kami'' (志摩守)|| Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従四位下) ||83,000 → 123,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Terazawa Katataka (寺沢堅高)|| 1633 - 1647||''Hyōgo-no-kami'' (兵庫頭) || Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||123,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Ōkubo clan,''' 1649 - 1678 (''Tozama daimyo'') |- |1||Ōkubo Tadamoto (大久保忠職)|| 1649 – 1670||''Kaga-no-kami'' (加賀守)|| Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従四位下) ||83,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Ōkubo Tadatomo (大久保忠朝)|| 1670 – 1678|| ''Kaga-no-kami'' (加賀守) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||83,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Matsudaira clan,''' 1678 - 1691 (''Tozama daimyo'') |- |1||Matsudaira Norihisa (松平乗久)|| 1678 – 1686||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)|| Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従四位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Matsudaira Noriharu (松平乗春)|| 1686 – 1690||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)|| Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従四位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |3||Matsudaira Norisato (松平乗邑)|| 1690–1691||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)|| Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従四位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Doi clan,''' 1678 - 1691 (''Fudai daimyo'') |- |1||Doi Toshimasu (土井利益)|| 1691 – 1713||''Suō-no-kami'' (周防守)|| Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Doi Toshizane (土井利実)|| 1713 – 1736|| ''Ōi-no-kami'' (大炊頭) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |3||Doi Toshinobu (土井利延)|| 1736 – 1744|| ''Ōi-no-kami''(大炊頭) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |4||Doi Toshisato (土井利里)|| 1744 – 1762|| ''Ōi-no-kami'' (大炊頭) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||70,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Mizuno clan,''' 1762 - 1817 (''Fudai daimyo'') |- |1||Mizuno Tadatō (水野忠任)|| 1762 – 1775||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Mizuno Tadakane (水野忠鼎)|| 1775 – 1805||''Ukonoefu'' (左近将監)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |3||Mizuno Tadaaki (水野忠光)|| 1805 – 1812||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |4||Mizuno Tadakuni (水野忠邦)|| 1812 – 1817||''Echizen-no-kami'' (越前守), ''Jijū'' (侍従) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Ogasawara clan,''' 1817 - 1871 (''Fudai daimyo'') |- |1||Ogasawara Nagamasa (小笠原長昌)|| 1817 – 1823||''Tomoro-no-tsukasa''(主殿頭) ||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |2||Ogasawara Nagayasu (小笠原長泰)|| 1823 – 1833||''Iki-no-kami'' (壱岐守)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |3||Ogasawara Nagao (小笠原長会)|| 1833 – 1836||''Noto-no-kami'' (能登守)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |4||Ogasawara Nagakazu (小笠原長和)|| 1836 – 1840||''Sado-no-kami'' (佐渡守)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |5||Ogasawara Nagakuni (小笠原長国)|| 1840 – 1871||''Nakatsukasa daiyū'' (中務大輔)||Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) ||60,000 ''koku'' |- |}

== See also == * List of Han * Abolition of the han system

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * Bolitho, Harold. (1974). ''Treasures Among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-01655-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185685588 OCLC 185685588] * Rein, Johannes (1884). ''Japan: Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost of the Prussian Government''. New York: A.C. Armstrong & Son.

==External links== * [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~me4k-skri/han/kyushu/karatu.html "Karatsu" at Edo 300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401061650/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~me4k-skri/han/kyushu/karatu.html |date=2016-04-01 }} {{in lang|ja}}

Category:Domains of Japan Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan Category:States and territories established in 1593 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871 Category:Mizuno clan Category:Ogasawara clan Category:Ogyū-Matsudaira clan Category:Ōkubo clan Category:Doi clan Category:History of Saga Prefecture Category:Hizen Province Category:Kyushu region