{{Short description|Extinct Cariban language of Colombia}} {{Expand language|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Idioma opón-carare|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Opón-Carare | nativename = Opón, Opón-Karare, Opone | states = Colombia | extinct = late 20th century | familycolor = Cariban | fam1 = Cariban | fam2 = Opón group | dia1 = Opón | dia2 = Carare | iso3 = none | linglist = qrz | glotto = opon1234 | glottorefname = Opón-Carare | region = Opon River, Santander Department | map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|Opon-Carare is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''.}} | ethnicity = Opón, Carare | map = Opon-Carare language map.svg }}
'''Opón-Carare''' (Opone) is an extinct, unusually divergent Cariban language of Colombia. It is most closely related to Yukpa. It is known only from two wordlists, published in 1878 and 1958 respectively.{{Sfn|von Lengerke|1878|p=306}} The language was reported to be likely extinct by 1973.<ref name=":0" />
== Phonology ==
=== Giraldo and Fornaguera (1958) === Marshall Durbin and Haydée Seijas derive the following phonology for Opón-Carare based on data published in 1958 from Giraldo and Fornaguera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Durbin|first=Marshall|last2=Seijas|first2=Haydée|date=1973|title=A note on Opon-Carare|journal=Zeitschrift für Ethnologie|volume=98|issue=2|pages=242–245|issn=0044-2666|jstor=25841439}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Consonants ! colspan="2" | !Bilabial !Alveolar !Postalveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" |Plosive !<small>voiceless</small> |p |t | | |k |(ʔ)<sup>1</sup> |- !<small>voiced</small> |b |d | | |g | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Fricative | |s |ʃ | | |h |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Trill | |r | | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m |n | |ɲ | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Approximant |w | | |j | | |} # [ʔ] may not be phonemic, it appears only at morpheme boundaries.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Vowels ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Front ! colspan="2" |Central ! colspan="2" |Back |- !<small>short</small> !<small>long</small> !<small>short</small> !<small>long</small> !<small>short</small> !<small>long</small> |- align="center" !Close |i |iː | | |u |uː |- align="center" !Mid |e |eː |ə | |o |oː |- align="center" !Open | | |a |aː | | |} While common in other Cariban languages, nasal vowels are not recorded in Opón-Carare.
=== Lengerke (1878) === The following phonology is derived from the data in Lengerke (1878). {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Consonant phonemes of Opón ! colspan="2" | !Bilabial !Alveolar !Postalveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" |Plosive !<small>voiceless</small> |p |t | | |k | |- !<small>voiced</small> |b | | | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Fricative | |s |(ʃ) | | |h |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Affricate | | |tʃ | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Trill | |r | | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m |n | | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Approximant |w | | |j | | |} The phonology is the same in Carare, with the exception that {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/w/}} are not present, and {{IPA|/ʃ/}} interpreted for the sequence {{Angle bracket|sy}}. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Vowels ! !Front !Central !Back |- align="center" !Close |i | |u |- align="center" !Mid |e |(ə) |o |- align="center" !Open | |a | |} == References == {{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |last=del Castillo Mathieu |first=Nicolás |date=1977 |title=Léxico caribe en el Caribe insular (primera parte) |url=https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/thesaurus/pdf/32/TH_32_002_104_0.pdf |journal=Thesaurus: Boletín del instituto Caro y Cuervo |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=319 |issn=0040-604X |eissn=2462-8255}} * {{Cite journal |last=von Lengerke |first=Geo. |date=1878 |title=Palabras indias dictadas por un lndio de la tríbu de Carare |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23027338 |journal=Zeitschrift für Ethnologie |volume=10 |pages=306–306 |issn=0044-2666}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Opon language}} Category:Indigenous languages of the South American Northwest Category:Cariban languages Category:Languages of Colombia {{Cariban languages}}{{Languages of Colombia}}
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