{{Short description|Town in Hakkâri Province, Turkey}} {{Infobox Turkey place |type=municipality |name=Şemdinli |province=Hakkâri |district=Şemdinli |population_total=18220 |population_as_of=2023 |image_skyline=Şemdinli şehir merkezi, 2013.jpg |image_caption=Image of Şemdinli |website= {{URL|www.semdinli.bel.tr}} |coordinates={{Coord|37.308|44.571|display=inline,title}} |population_footnotes=<ref name=tuik/> | leader_party = AKP | leader_name = Tahir Saklı }}
'''Şemdinli''' ({{langx|ku-Latn|Şemzînan}},<ref>{{Cite book |last=Avcıkıran |first=Adem |url= |title=Kürtçe Anamnez, Anamneza bi Kurmancî |website= |year=2009 |editor-last= |editor-first= |page=55 |language=ku, tr |access-date=}}</ref> {{langx|syr|ܫܲܡܙܕܝܼܢ|Šamzdīn}} or {{Lang|syr|Shemsdīn}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Maclean|first=Arthur John|url=https://archive.org/details/adictionarydial00unkngoog/page/n335/mode/1up|title=Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac|date=1901|page=308|author-link=Arthur Maclean|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>) is a town located in the Şemdinli District of Hakkari Province in Turkey and had a population of 18,220 in 2023.<ref name=tuik/> The current mayor is Tahir Saklı from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), elected in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Şafak |first=Yeni |date=2019-12-15 |title=Hakkari Şemdinli Seçim Sonuçları – Şemdinli Yerel Seçim Sonuçları |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/yerel-secim-2019/hakkari-semdinli-ilcesi-secim-sonuclari |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=Yeni Şafak |language=tr-TR}}</ref>
The town is populated by Kurds of the Humaru and Zerzan Kurdish tribes and moreover of mixed tribal and non-tribal origin.<ref name=":52">{{Cite book |title=Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey |year=1989 |editor-last=Peter Alfred |editor-first=Andrews |pages=216–217 |editor-last2=Benninghaus |editor-first2=Rüdiger}}</ref>
== Neighborhoods == Şemdinli is divided into the five neighborhoods of Beşevler, Karşıyaka, Moda, Yayla and Yeni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri |url=https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı |language=tr}}</ref>
== Kurdish-Turkish conflict == ===Conflict between the PKK and the Turkish state forces=== {{Further|Şemdinli incident}} A bomb exploded in Şemdinli town centre on November 1, 2005. It was officially attributed to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), an armed Kurdish militant group. On November 9 one man was killed in a grenade attack on a local bookshop. The suspects of this attack, however, were caught in the act by bystanders. They were said to be members of a Turkish Gendarmerie unit, JITEM. The resulting investigation developed into a major political issue in Turkey in the first half of 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=49228 |title = Court says senior officers involved in Şemdinli bombing |work = Turkish Daily News |date = 2006-07-19 |accessdate = 2008-08-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080919063048/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=49228 |archive-date = 2008-09-19 |url-status = dead }}</ref> After a lengthy legal process the three suspects were eventually sentenced to 39 years.
Investigations concerning the Şemdinli bombing trial were blocked by the military, and all the judges and prosecutor associated with the Şemdinli bookshop bombing case transferred from Van to other cities following a June 2007 decree.<ref name=HRW07Report>[http://hrw.org/backgrounder/eca/turkey0707/4.htm Retrograde Human Rights Trends and Stagnation of the Human Rights Reform Process], 4th part of the Human Rights Watch July 2007 report titled "[http://hrw.org/backgrounder/eca/turkey0707/ Turkey: Human Rights Concerns in the Lead up to July Parliamentary Elections]".</ref>
=== Clashes in 2012 === {{Further|Operation Dawn (2012)}}
On 23 July 2012, Turkish security forces began a major security offensive, backed by airpower, against the PKK around Şemdinli. Interior minister, İdris Naim Şahin, explained that the forces were attempting to block the PKK's escape routes into northern Iraq, and that as many as 115 PKK fighters had been killed. Television news channel, Nergis Televizyonu (NTV), claimed that up to two thousand troops were involved in the operation. On 5 August 2012, PKK forces fired on a Turkish military post in the village of Gecimli, triggering clashes that killed 22 fighters, soldiers and village guards, and injuring 15 others, including five civilians. The military post was one of a number attacked in Hakkâri Province, although there were no reports of casualties in the other incidents.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkish Troops Kill 115 Kurdish Rebels as Offensive Blocks Escape Routes to Iraq|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/05/turkish-kill-115-kurdish-rebels|accessdate=6 August 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 August 2012|agency=Associated Press|location=London}}</ref>
== Population == Population history from 1997 to 2023:<ref name="TÜİK1997">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | title = 1997 Population Count | date = 1999 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221030113057/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=tuik>{{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters|publisher=TÜİK |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> {{Historical populations |1997|11879 |2007|11727|2010|11211|2015|14854|2020|15504|title=Population|align=none|2023|18220}}
==Climate== Şemdinli has a hot, dry-summer continental climate (Köppen: ''Dsa'').
{{Weather box |location = Şemdinli |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 1.3 |Feb high C = 2.9 |Mar high C = 7.9 |Apr high C = 14.8 |May high C = 21.4 |Jun high C = 27.5 |Jul high C = 31.7 |Aug high C = 31.9 |Sep high C = 27.9 |Oct high C = 21.2 |Nov high C = 12.6 |Dec high C = 3.7 |year high C = |Jan mean C = -2.5 |Feb mean C = -1.4 |Mar mean C = 3.4 |Apr mean C = 9.7 |May mean C = 15.2 |Jun mean C = 20.8 |Jul mean C = 24.7 |Aug mean C = 24.7 |Sep mean C = 20.4 |Oct mean C = 14.7 |Nov mean C = 7.5 |Dec mean C = 0.1 |year mean C = 11.4 |Jan low C = -6.2 |Feb low C = -5.6 |Mar low C = -1.0 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 9.1 |Jun low C = 14.1 |Jul low C = 17.7 |Aug low C = 17.5 |Sep low C = 13.0 |Oct low C = 8.2 |Nov low C = 2.5 |Dec low C = -3.5 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 71 |Feb precipitation mm = 81 |Mar precipitation mm = 93 |Apr precipitation mm = 101 |May precipitation mm = 55 |Jun precipitation mm = 11 |Jul precipitation mm = 3 |Aug precipitation mm = 2 |Sep precipitation mm = 4 |Oct precipitation mm = 27 |Nov precipitation mm = 61 |Dec precipitation mm = 64 |year precipitation mm = |source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref name = "Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/15651/|title = Climate:Şemdinli|accessdate = 11 April 2014 |publisher = Climate-Data.org}}</ref> }}
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == * Today's Zaman, 16 April 2013, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201247/http://todayszaman.com/news-312760-european-court-orders-turkey-to-pay-14-million-euros-over-semdinli-raid.html European court orders Turkey to pay 1.4 million euros over Şemdinli raid]
{{Şemdinli District}} {{Portal bar|Geography|Kurdistan|Turkey}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Semdinli}} Category:Populated places in Hakkâri Province Category:Şemdinli District Category:Kurdish settlements in Hakkâri Province Category:District municipalities in Turkey