{{Short description|Canadauan Yiddish newspaper (1907-1977)}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = Keneder Adler | founder = Hirsch Wolofsky | image = קענעדער אדלער, מיטװאך כ״ח תמוז תרע״ד.jpg | image_size = 225px | caption = The 22 July 1914 front page of the ''Keneder Adler'' | launched = {{start date|1907|08|30}} | language = Yiddish | headquarters = Montreal, Quebec | publishing_country = Canada | sister_newspapers = ''Canadian Jewish Chronicle'' | ceased_publication = {{end date and age|1977}} }} '''''Der Keneder Adler''''' ({{Langx|yi|דער קענעדער אדלער|translation=The Canadian Eagle}}){{refn|group=note|Also transliterated as ''Der Keneder Odler''.}} was Canada's leading Yiddish newspaper from 1907 until 1977. Founded in Montreal by Hirsch Wolofsky, the ''Adler'' underpinned Yiddish cultural activity in the city for much of the 20th century.<ref name=margolis>{{cite book|title=Jewish Roots, Canadian Soil: Yiddish Cultural Life in Montreal, 1905-1945|first=Rebecca|last=Margolis|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=2011|series=Studies in Ethnic History|jstor=j.ctt80ppx}}</ref>

==History== After losing his fruit store on St. Lawrence Boulevard to a fire, Hirsch Wolofsky founded the Eagle Publishing Company with the insurance money salvaged from the disaster.<ref name=mjm>{{cite web|first=Richard|last=Kreitner|website=Museum of Jewish Montreal|access-date=22 November 2018|title=Hirsch Wolofsky and the Keneder Adler (Jewish Daily Eagle)|url=http://imjm.ca/location/2104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207083322/http://imjm.ca/location/2104 |archive-date=2024-02-07}}</ref> Within a month, the publishing company had established functional offices and housed Canada's first Yiddish linotype machine.{{r|margolis}} The ''Keneder Adler'' published its first issue on 30 August 1907.<ref name=sandy>{{cite news|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/2005/2/21/ive-got-ink-in-my-veins|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516032417/http://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=20050221_100895_100895 |archive-date=2012-05-16 |title=I've Got Ink in My Veins|date=21 February 2005|newspaper=Maclean's|page=56|first=Sandy|last=Wolofsky}}</ref> While newspaper's status was precarious during its early years, appearing only biweekly after the fourth edition, the ''Adler'' began publishing daily as of October 1908.{{r|margolis}}

The paper was funded by Mortimer B. Davis when it struggled again financially during the First World War. The ''Adler'' would have to pay Davis off after he sought to control the ''Keneder Adler''{{'s}} editorial policy.<ref name=memoirs>{{cite book|trans-title=Journey of My Life: A Book of Memoirs|first=Hirsch|last=Wolofsky|author-link=Hirsch Wolofsky|publisher=The Eagle Publishing Company|location=Montreal|year=1945|title=Mayn lebns-rayze|translator-first=A. M.|translator-last=Klein|translator-link=A. M. Klein}}</ref> In 1918, the ''Adler'' published its edition of the Babylonian Talmud, which became known as the ''Montrealer Shas'' ('The Montreal Talmud') and raised the newspaper's prestige.{{r|memoirs}}

The ''Adler'' served as a literary forum for Montreal's emerging Yiddish intelligentsia, as both a promoter of Yiddish literature and culture (through the efforts of J. I. Segal, in particular) and as a book publisher and distributor.{{r|margolis}} A. A. Roback served as editor of ''Der Keneder Adler'' from 1908 to 1912, and Reuben Brainin as editor from 1912 to 1915, before departing for New York after a disagreement with Wolofsky.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The American Connection of Canadian Jews: 1759-1914|first=Michael|last=Brown|journal=AJS Review|volume=3|year=1978|page=35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=1486420|doi=10.1017/S0364009400000301}}</ref> A. M. Klein maintained close ties with the paper, and authored the ''Adler''{{'s}} English page from 1938 to 1941.<ref>{{cite book|last=Margolis|first=Rebecca|chapter=''Ken men tantsn af tsvey khasenes?'' A. M. Klein and Yiddish|title=Failure's Opposite: Listening to A. M. Klein|editor1-first=Norman|editor1-last=Ravvin|editor2-first=Sherry|editor2-last=Simon|pages=79–97|location=Montreal|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=2011|jstor=j.ctt80ppx}}</ref> Israel Medres's regular columns, ''"Di vokh in kanade"'' ('This Week in Canada') and ''"Bilder in gerikht-zal"'' ('Pictures in a Courtroom'), presented readers with accessible discussions of contemporary political and legal matters.<ref>{{cite book |last=Felsen |first=Vivian |title=Traduire le Montreal Yiddish/New Readings of Yiddish Montreal |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |year=2007 |isbn=9782760316638 |editor1-last=Anctil |editor1-first=Pierre |editor1-link=Pierre Anctil |location=Ottawa |pages=110–115 |chapter=Translating Israel Medres |jstor=j.ctt1ckpcr4 |author-link=Vivian Felsen |editor2-last=Ravvin |editor2-first=Norman |editor3-last=Simon |editor3-first=Sherry |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUysDAAAQBAJ}}</ref>

After Wolofksy's death in 1949, the ''Adler'' was run by his son Max. The newspaper ceased publication in 1977, after unsuccessful reincarnations as a weekly and as a bilingual English–Yiddish publication.{{r|mjm}}

==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Harris, E. (2012). "A Record of Hebrew and Yiddish Printing in Canada, 1844-1915." ''Canadian Jewish Studies Études / Juives Canadiennes'', ''19''. * Lerner, E. (2007). "Soft Hands for the Seder: Gender in Advertising in the Keneder Adler, 1920-1935." ''Canadian Jewish Studies / Études Juives Canadiennes'', ''15,'' pp.&nbsp;37–52. * Margolis, R. (2019). "The Keneder Adler and Yiddish community life in Montreal, 1944." ''Canadian Jewish Studies / Études Juives Canadiennes'', ''27''. * Margolis, R. (2008). "The Yiddish Press in Montreal, 1900-1945." ''Canadian Jewish Studies / Études Juives Canadiennes'', ''16''(1). * Robinson, I. (2012). "Yehuda Kaufman’s Montreal Journalism, 1913-1917." ''Canadian Jewish Studies /Études Juives Canadiennes'', ''19''. {{Authority control}}

Category:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Montreal Category:Defunct Yiddish-language newspapers Category:Jewish newspapers published in Canada Category:Newspapers established in 1907 Category:Defunct newspapers published in Quebec Category:Newspapers published in Montreal Category:Newspapers disestablished in 1977 Category:1907 establishments in Quebec Category:1977 disestablishments in Quebec Category:Yiddish culture in Quebec

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