{{Short description|Hawaiian high chief}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Kame{{okina}}eiamoku | father = Keawepoepoe | mother = Kanoena | image = Royal Coat of Arms of Hawaii.svg | caption = On the right is Kame{{okina}}eiamoku | spouse = Kamaka{{okina}}eheikuli<br> Keali{{okina}}iokahekili<br> Kahikoloa of Kaua{{okina}}i<br> Puhipuhi{{okina}}ili<br> Kauhilanahonua | issue =Kepo{{okina}}okalani<br>Ulumāheihei Hoapili<br> Ho{{okina}}olulu<br> Loe-wahine<br> Kekikipa{{okina}}a | death_date = 1802 | death_place = Pu{{okina}}uki, Lahaina, Maui }} '''Kame{{okina}}eiamoku''' (died 1802) was a Hawaiian high chief and the Counselor of State to King Kamehameha I. He was called Kamehameha's uncle, but he was really the cousin of Kamehameha's mother, Kekuiapoiwa II.
== Birth and ancestry == Along with his twin brother Kamanawa, Kame{{okina}}eiamoku's parents were the ''keiki aliʻi'' (prince or child of a chief<ref name="dict">{{cite web |url=http://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home---00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=keiki+ali%CA%BBi&fqv=textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED |title=Hawaiian Dictionaries |author=Mary Māmaka Kaiao Kuleana kope |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |access-date=2019-08-02}}</ref>), Keawepoepoe and Kanoena (w). As the son of Kalanikauleleiaiwi and Lonoikahaupu, monarch's of several kingdoms between them, Keawepoepoe was an ''aliʻi'' (noble) of Hawaii, Maui, Oahu and Kauai.{{sfn|McKinzie|1986|page= 102}} As well being an ''aliʻi nui'' (great king or supreme monarch) Lonoikahaupu was a kahuna (priest) of the order of Lono (order of Nahulu or Holoa'e), one of two priestly orders, Kū (Kuali'i or Kauali'i) being the other.{{sfn|Sahlins|1996|page= 256}} Through this union Keawepoepoe received the ''kapu o pahenakalani'' (the prostrating kapu) which is how the Hawaii ''aliʻi'' received the ''kapu'' (a religious code of conduct) called the ''kapu moe''.{{sfn|McKinzie|1986|page= 102}}
Fornander identifies their mother, Kanoena, as the daughter of Lonoanahulu from the Ehu ''ohana'' (family).<ref name="Fornander1880">{{cite book|first=Abraham|last=Fornander|title=An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcQNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154|year=1880|publisher=Trubner & Company|pages=154–|quote=Kameeuiamoku and Kamanawa, the twin children of Keawepoepoe", "..I have had access to represent them as sons of Keawepoepoe and Kanoena ; the former a son of Kalanikauleleiaiwi and her Kauai husband Lonoikahaupu ; the latter a daughter of Lonoanahulu, of the great Ehu family.}}</ref> Almira Hollander Pitman refers to Kanoena in 1931 as Keawepoepoe's cousin.{{sfn|Pitman|1931|pages=151-152}} However, in the Hawaiian Genealogy book volume 44: ''"Eia ka lani ke koi pae moku ka lauhulu paoki o ka aina"'', it shows Lonoanahulu marrying Hikuakanaloauuoo and having Manohili who marries Halao, which is the couple that has Kanoena. That would make Lonoanahulua Kanoena's grandfather.<ref name="urlUlukau: Genealogy book volume 44: Eia ka lani ke koi pae moku ka lauhulu paoki o ka aina">{{cite web |url=http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0hsagen44-000Sec--01en-50-20-contact-book--1-010escapewina%3Dd&a=d&d=D0.3.55&toc=0 |title=Ulukau: Genealogy book volume 44: Eia ka lani ke koi pae moku ka lauhulu paoki o ka aina |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref> Kamakau lists Mano-hili as one of the men who assisted Kameʻeiamoku in his attack on the Fair American.<ref name="Kamakau1992">{{cite book|author=Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau|title=Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B2NQPgAACAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Kamehameha Schools Press|page=147|isbn=978-0-87336-014-2}}</ref> Fornander also refers to Lonoanahulu, along with the Kameʻeiamoku and Kamanawa in regards to lands passed down to them from Liloa;
{{blockquote|"Liloa, [king of Hawaii], gave Kekaha in Kona, Hawaii, to Laeanuikekaumanamana in perpetuity, and it descended to his grandchildren through Kualii, Kauluoaonana, Wahulu, Lonoanahulu, etc. to Kameeiamoku and Kamanawa. Umi likewise gave Kapalilua, in South Kona, to his child Kapunanahuanui-a-Umi, from whom it descended through Ua, Iwikaualii, lama to Keeaumoku".<ref name="Fornander1920">{{cite book|first=Abraham|last=Fornander|title=Fornander collection of Hawaiian antiquities and folk-lore ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8MqAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA320|year=1920|publisher=Bishop Museum Press|page=320}}</ref>}}
== The Metcalfes, the Eleanora and the Fair American == In 1790, the American maritime fur trader Simon Metcalfe of the ship ''Eleanora'' mistreated Kame{{okina}}eiamoku when he boarded his ship. Metcalfe later fired his cannons on the villagers of Olowalu, killing about one hundred. In retaliation, Kame{{okina}}eiamoku attacked the next American ship to appear, the schooner {{ship||Fair American}}, under the command of Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe, the son of Simon Metcalfe. All but one of the schooner's crew was killed, including Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe. The lone survivor was Welsh sailor Isaac Davis. Another sailor from the ''Eleanora'', Englishman John Young, was sent ashore to find out what happened, and was also captured. Davis and Young would both become military advisors and translators for Kamehameha.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630013201/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/kona/history3.htm "A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of Hawai{{okina}}i Island"] by Diane Lee Rhodes, on National Park Service web site</ref>
Kame{{okina}}eiamoku participated in negotiating a treaty in February 1795 with George Vancouver for British support of Kamehameha.<ref name=vancouver>{{cite journal| title= Vancouver in Hawaii |author=Cummins Speakman and Rhoda Hackler |hdl=10524/121 |journal=Hawaiian Journal of History |volume=23 |year=1989 |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu }}</ref>
==Kamehameha and the unification of the islands== Kameʻeiamoku and his twin Kamanawa were among the four great aliʻi warriors of Kona to support Kamehameha I in his rebellion against his cousin Kīwalaʻō; the other two being their half brother Keʻeaumoku Pāpaʻiahiahi, and Keawe-a-Heulu.<ref name="Day1984">{{cite book|first=Arthur Grove|last=Day|title=History Makers of Hawaii: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkp0AAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Mutual Publishing of Honolulu|page= 66|isbn=978-0-935180-09-1}}</ref> These were known as the "Four Kona chiefs".<ref name="Lawrence1912">{{cite book|first=Mary S.|last=Lawrence|title=Old Time Hawaiians and Their Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJdMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA126|year=1912|publisher=Ginn|page=126}}</ref> They, along with Kamehameha's ''kumu'' (teacher) of Kapu Kuialua named Kekūhaupiʻo, were the center of the war council for Kamehameha when he took power in the battle of Moku{{okina}}ōhai in 1782, which strengthened his influence.
==Family== Kame{{okina}}eiamoku had three or four wives and at least three sons. His first wife, Kamaka{{okina}}eheikuli, was the mother of Kepo{{okina}}okalani (c. 1760–?) who was the double great-grandfather of the last two monarchs of the Kingdom. His second wife Keali{{okina}}iokahekili was the mother of Ulumāheihei Hoapili (c. 1776–1840). His third wife Kahikoloa was mother of Ho{{okina}}olulu (1794–?).{{sfn|McKinzie|1986|pages=70-72}}<ref>{{cite web |title= Kameeiamoku, (k) |work= Our Family History and Ancestry |publisher= Families of Old Hawaii |url= http://familiesofoldhawaii.com/getperson.php?personID=I3930&tree=Ano |access-date= 2009-12-03 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kame{{okina}}eiamoku's descendants succeeded him in assisting Kamehameha after his death in 1802 in Lahaina on Maui.<ref name="punahou">{{cite book |title= Oahu college: list of trustees, presidents, instructors, matrons, librarians |editor= William De Witt Alexander |publisher= Hawaiian Gazette Company for Punahou School |year=1907 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oahucollegelist00schogoog/page/n8 3] |url= https://archive.org/details/oahucollegelist00schogoog |chapter= Historical Sketch of Oahu College }}</ref>
==Legacy== Through his son Kepo{{okina}}okalani came the House of Kalākaua.<ref>[http://www.keouanui.org/KalakauaRoyalChart1.html Kalākaua Chart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216000312/http://www.keouanui.org/KalakauaRoyalChart1.html |date=2008-02-16 }} on the Royal Family of Hawaii official web Site</ref> One of his other sons Ho{{okina}}olulu would be the father of Kino{{okina}}ole o Liliha who married the notable American businessman Benjamin Pitman. Daughter Kekikipaa would marry Kamehameha I, but then marry Keawemauhili and become the mother of High Chiefess Kapi{{okina}}olani.
He lives on the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii. On each side of the coat of arms was the figure of a chief in a feather cloak and a feather helmet. The one on the left, bearing a spear, was Kamanawa and the one on the right, with a ''Kahili'' (feather standard), was Kame{{okina}}eiamoku.<ref>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Albert Pierce|author-link=Albert Pierce Taylor|title=Under Hawaiian Skies: A Narrative of the Romance, Adventure and History of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://archive.org/details/underhawaiiansk00taylgoog|year=1922|publisher=Advertiser Publishing Company, Ltd|location=Honolulu|oclc=479709|page= [https://archive.org/details/underhawaiiansk00taylgoog/page/n420 326]}}</ref> The land he was given in 1795 was used by his granddaughter Kuini Liliha, who donated it to Christian missionaries. It eventually became Punahou School in 1841.<ref name="punahou"/>
==Ancestry== {{Lonoikahaupu, Keawepoepoe, Keeaumoku Pāpaiahiahi, Kamanawa and Kameʻeiamoku family tree}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Bibliography== *{{cite book |first=Almira Hollander |last=Pitman |title=After fifty years: an appreciation, and a record of a unique incident |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBNXAAAAMAAJ |year=1931 |publisher=Priv. print., The Plimpton press |oclc=3703871 }} *{{cite book |first=Edith Kawelohea |last=McKinzie |title=Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers - volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QB92bdJ8igwC&pg=PA102 |year=1986 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-939154-37-1 }} *{{cite book |first=Marshall |last=Sahlins |title=How "Natives" Think: About Captain Cook, For Example |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adVe-z1xuvsC&pg=PA256 |date=October 1996 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-73369-2 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kameeiamoku}} Category:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom Category:Hawaii (island) Category:Hawaiian Kingdom politicians Category:House of Kalākaua Category:House of Keawe Category:Hawaiian Kingdom twins Category:18th-century births Category:1802 deaths