{{Short description|Family of Russian missiles}} {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = Kalibr | image = 3M-54E1.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = An export variant of the missile (mockup) | origin = Russia | type = Cruise missile<br />Anti-ship missile | used_by = See Operators | wars = Syrian Civil War<br />Russo-Ukrainian War | manufacturer = Novator Design Bureau, KTRV, MKB Fakel, NPO Mash, Raduga, NPO Zvezda Strela (Orenburg) | unit_cost = $980,000 (domestic cost, land-attack version)<br>$6.5 million (export cost, anti-ship version)<ref>[https://jamestown.org/program/russias-futuristic-military-plagued-by-old-problems/ Russia's Futuristic Military Plagued by Old Problems]</ref> | production_date = 1994–present | service = 1994 | engine = Multi-stage solid-fuel rocket, turbojet engine for 3M-54/E/TE/E1/TE1, -14/E/TE, solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/RTE2 | weight = Varies on variant, from 1,300 kg-1,780 kg-2,300 kg | length = Varies on variant, from 6.2 m to 8.9 m | diameter = (ca. 0.514 m) 0.533 m | wingspan = | accuracy = 2-3 m (domestic version, with GLONASS)<br>50 m CEP (Club-T export version, without GLONASS) <ref name="Janes_Club_T" /> | speed = 0.8–2.5–3.0 Mach | vehicle_range = 91R variants: ≥50 km <br /> 3M54E (export anti-ship version): 220 km <br /> 3M54E1/3M14E (export anti-ship version): 300 km <br /> 3M54K/3M54T: 660 km (domestic anti-ship version, estimate)<br /> 3M14K/3M14T: 1,500–2,500 km (domestic land-attack version, estimate) | ceiling = 1,000 m | altitude = 50–150 m AGL<br />20 m over water<ref name="janeskalibr">[https://www.janes.com/images/assets/147/70147/Game_changer_Russian_sub-launched_cruise_missiles_bring_strategic_effect_edit.pdf Game changer: Russian sub-launched cruise missiles bring strategic effect]. ''Jane's Information Group''.</ref> | filling = 400–500 kg<ref name="janeskalibr"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/1209/164032600/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Сводка боевых действий ВКС России в Сирии за 8 декабря|website=armstrade.org|access-date=Feb 18, 2019}}</ref> | guidance = Inertial guidance plus terminal active radar homing | detonation = | launch_platform = naval ships, submarines, containers, TEL }}
The Novator '''Kalibr''' (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as '''3M54-1 Kalibr''', '''3M14 Biryuza''' (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name '''SS-N-27 Sizzler''' and '''SS-N-30A''') is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It first saw service in 1994. There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship, and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that air defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a conventional or nuclear warhead weighing up to {{convert|500|kg}}.
==Design== The missile is a modular system with several versions: two anti-shipping types, and one for land attack. The missile is designed to share common parts between the surface and submarine-launched variants but each missile consists of different components, for example, the booster. The missile can be launched from a surface ship using a vertical launching system (VLS).
It has a booster with thrust vectoring capability. The missile launched from a submarine torpedo tube has no need for such an addition but has a conventional booster instead. The air launched version is held in a container that is dropped as the missile launches, detaching from the container.
There are several claims about the maximum range of Kalibr land attack versions in use by Russia. The U.S. Department of Defense estimates its range at {{cvt|1400|km|abbr=on}}, and Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu put its range at "almost {{cvt|1500|km|abbr=on}}." Following its first operational firing in October 2015, Russian Ministry of Defence statements suggested a range of {{cvt|2000|km|abbr=on}}, while a December 2015 Office of Naval Intelligence report gathered a number of Russian statements projecting ranges between 1,500-{{cvt|2500|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="janeskalibr"/><ref name="acw25aug15"/>
Discrepancies in range values may be political declarations for strategic effect,<ref name="janeskalibr"/> or potentially longer 2,500 km-range claims could be associated with a thermonuclear armed variant while shorter 1,500 km-range estimates are for the conventionally armed missile.<ref name="acw25aug15">[http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/207801/sokov-on-russian-cruise-missiles/ Sokov on Russian Cruise Missiles] – Armscontrolwonk.com, 25 August 2015</ref>
Launch of production of a submarine-variant of the 3M14TE Kalibr-NK called the Kalibr-PL missile occurred in 2012, according to state television news (broadcast of 11.10.2015).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russia.tv/video/show/brand_id/5206/episode_id/1236661/video_id/1389544/|title=Вести недели / Эфир от 11.10.2015|language=ru|trans-title=Vesti nedeli/Stream from 11.10.2015|work=russia.tv|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118105915/http://russia.tv/video/show/brand_id/5206/episode_id/1236661/video_id/1389544/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Russia has improved the targeting system of its ship- and submarine-launched Kalibr cruise missiles to improve their ability to conduct time sensitive attacks. Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu revealed the development, which was initiated as a result of combat experience in Syria, in an interview with the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper on 22 September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/91514/russia-upgrades-kalibr-cruise-missiles|title = Janes | Latest defence and security news}}</ref>
=== Launch platforms === thumb|A Club-K erected in a standard shipping container ====Club-K==== '''Club-K' ''– a Russian container complex of missile weapons, placed in the standard 20- and 40-foot sea container. It is designed to defeat surface and ground targets. The complex can be mounted on shorelines, vessels of various classes, rail platforms and trucks. It is a modification of the Kalibr missile system.
A Club-K variant, which is disguised as a shipping container that can be placed on a truck, train, or merchant vessel, was advertised in 2010 and was shown for the first time at the MAKS 2011 air show.<ref name="nyt1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-weapon-idUSTRE63P2XB20100426|title=Deadly new Russian weapon hides in shipping container|work=Reuters|date=2010-04-26|access-date=2016-12-19|last=Stott|first=Michael}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/08/23/361105/maks-russian-firm-debuts-shipping-container-housed-cruise.html|title=MAKS: Russian firm debuts shipping container-housed cruise missiles|date=2011-08-23|website=www.flightglobal.com|publisher=Flight Global|access-date=2011-08-23|archive-date=2013-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205045559/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/maks-russian-firm-debuts-shipping-container-housed-cruise-361105|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Operational history== ===Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war=== {{main|Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war}}
* On 7 October 2015, a Gepard class frigate and three Buyan-M class Russian Navy corvettes, part of the Caspian Flotilla launched 26 Kalibr-NK system cruise missiles 3M14T from the Caspian Sea at 11 targets in Syria during the Syrian Civil War.{{cn|date=December 2025}} The missiles traveled 1,500 km (932 mi) through Iranian and Iraqi airspace and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) but primarily in Idlib province (controlled by the Free Syrian Army and Nusra Front).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/fighting-erupts-central-syria-amid-russian-airstrikes-072047268.html |title=Russia fires cruise missiles from warships into Syria |work=Yahoo News |last1=Aji |first1=Albert |last2=Vasilyeva |first2=Nataliya |agency=Associated Press |date=7 October 2015 |access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref> Anonymous US DoD officials alleged that four missiles crashed in Iran.<ref>[http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2015/10/08/us-several-russian-cruise-missiles-landed-in-iran/73599348/ U.S.: Several Russian cruise missiles landed in Iran] – Militarytimes.com, 8 October 2015</ref> Russian and Iranian governments denied the claim of missile crash. Pentagon and State Department officials refused to comment on the reports.<ref>{{cite web|title = Russia denies missiles aimed at Syria landed in Iran|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/09/russia-denies-missiles-aimed-at-syria-landed-in-iran|website = the Guardian|date = 9 October 2015|access-date = 2015-10-20}}</ref> Russia posted video footage of 26 Kalibr missile launches as well as several videos of missile impacts without time or location information.<ref>[http://news.usni.org/2015/10/09/russia-refutes-pentagon-claims-some-caspian-strike-missiles-failed-over-iran Russia Refutes Pentagon Claims Some Caspian Strike Missiles Failed Over Iran] – News.USNI.org, 9 October 2015</ref> * On 20 November 2015, Russia launched 18 3M14T cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea onto targets in Syria, the targets were in Raqqa, Idlib and Aleppo.{{cn|date=December 2025}} * On 9 December 2015, Russia fired a group of 3M14K cruise missiles from Kalibr-PL system at positions occupied by ISIL from the Improved Kilo-class submarine B-237 ''Rostov-on-Don'' deployed in the Mediterranean.{{cn|date=December 2025}} *On 20 September 2016, Russian state media reported that Russian warships in the Mediterranean fired three Kalibr-NK missiles at western Aleppo, near Mount Simeon. The Russians claimed that the missile strike killed "30 Israeli and Western officers directing the terrorists' attacks in Aleppo and Idlib".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/russia-mossad-other-foreign-agents-killed-in-aleppo-strike/|title=Russia: Mossad, other foreign agents killed in Aleppo strike|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> *On 15 November 2016, Russian frigate ''Admiral Grigorovich'' fired at least three missiles against targets in Idlib and Homs provinces, Syria, in the opening stages of the decisive offensive on Aleppo. *On 31 May 2017, the Russian frigate ''Admiral Essen'' and submarine ''Krasnodar'' launched four missiles against targets east of Palmyra, Syria.{{cn|date=December 2025}} *On 23 June 2017, Russian frigates ''Admiral Grigorovich'' and ''Admiral Essen'', and the submarine ''Krasnodar'' fired six Kalibr missiles at ISIL arms depot targets in Hama.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/news/2017/06/23/russian-warships-fire-kalibr-missiles-destroy-isis-arms-depots-in-syria_788422|title=Russian warships fire Kalibr missiles, destroy ISIS arms depots in Syria|date=Jun 23, 2017|website=www.rbth.com|access-date=Feb 18, 2019|archive-date=December 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121343/https://www.rbth.com/news/2017/06/23/russian-warships-fire-kalibr-missiles-destroy-isis-arms-depots-in-syria_788422|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://navaltoday.com/2017/06/23/russian-submarine-frigates-hit-isis-from-mediterranean-again/|title=Russian submarine, frigates hit ISIS from Mediterranean, again.|website=navaltoday.com|date=2017-06-23}}</ref> *On 14 September 2017, the Russian submarines ''Veliky Novgorod'' and ''Kolpino'' fired seven Kalibr missiles on ISIL targets (command posts, communications centers and ammunition depots) in the south-east of Deir ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12142271@egNews|title=Veliky Novgorod and Kolpino submarines fired the Kalibr cruise missiles from submerged position against the ISIS critical objects in Syria : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation}}</ref> *On 22 September 2017, the Russian submarine ''Veliky Novgorod'' fired at least three Kalibr missiles on al-Nusra in the Idlib province. The missile strike destroyed command centers, training bases and armored vehicles. *On 5 October 2017, the Russian submarines ''Veliky Novgorod'' and ''Kolpino'' launched 10 Kalibr missiles. The strikes were to support Syrian troops conducting a ground offensive in Deir-ez-Zor province.{{cn|date=December 2025}} *On 3 November 2017, the Russian submarine ''Kolpino'' launched 6 Kalibr missiles from a submerged position. Missiles hit terrorists' strongholds, weapon and ammunition depots, concentrations of militants, and important command centres near Abu Kamal, Deir-ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/russia-targets-isis-kalibr-cruise-missiles/|title=Russia targets ISIS with Kalibr cruise missiles|date=Nov 3, 2017|website=Missile Threat|access-date=Feb 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12149470@egNews|title=Tu-22M3 bombers and submarine Kolpino hit ISIS infrastructure near Abu Kamal : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation}}</ref> *On 3 February 2018, Russian frigates and submarines active in the Mediterranean sea launched several Kalibr missiles on the positions of rebels in the Idlib province, Syria where the Sukhoi Su-25 attack aircraft of Major Roman Filipov was shot down. The Russian ministry of defence said that more than 30 rebel fighters were killed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/02/03/syria-rebels-shoot-down-russian-jet-monitoring-group-says/303713002/|title=Russian cruise missiles kill at least 30 Syrian rebels after jet fighter downed|work=USA Today|access-date=4 February 2018|language=en}}</ref>
===2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine=== {{main|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
Kalibr cruise missiles have been widely used by Russian forces since the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The opening assault is said to have included at least 30 cruise missiles, targeting command and control points, air bases, and air-defense batteries. The missiles were likely fired by the Buyan-class corvettes, Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates and Kilo-class submarines of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.<ref name="19fortyfive">{{cite web|url=https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/03/kalibr-russias-very-own-tomahawk-cruise-missiles-is-hitting-ukraine/|title=Kalibr: Russia's Very Own 'Tomahawk' Cruise Missiles Is Hitting Ukraine|website=19fortyfive.com|date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Ukraine's military command reported widespread usage of Kalibr cruise missiles in strikes against strategic and non-combat targets across Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |title=These Are The Standoff Missiles Russia Used To Open Its War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44443/these-are-the-standoff-missiles-russia-used-to-open-its-war-against-ukraine |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Drive |date=24 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-26 |title=Ukraine reports fresh air, cruise missile strikes |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-reports-fresh-air-cruise-missile-strikes-2022-02-26/ |access-date=2022-02-26}}</ref> Most notable incidents were:
*On 14 July 2022, three Kalibr cruise missiles hit the city center of Vinnytsia, Ukraine, killing at least 20 people, including at least three children. Ukraine claimed two other missiles were shot down.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-missile-strike-kills-12-ukrainian-city-vinnytsia-emergency-service-2022-07-14/|work=Reuters|accessdate=2022-07-14|date=2022-07-14|title=Twenty killed, dozens hurt in Russian missile strike on central Ukraine - Zelenskiy|author=Max Hunder}}</ref> *On 23 July 2022, at least two Kalibr cruise missiles hit the port of Odesa, other two were reportedly shot down.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/23/europe/russia-ukraine-odesa-strike-grain-exports-intl/index.html|title=Outrage as Russian missiles strike Odesa port one day after grain export deal agreed|website=cnn.com|date=23 July 2022}}</ref> *On 11 September 2022, Kalibr cruise missiles were again fired from the Black Sea on targets in Ukraine.{{cn|date=December 2025}} The same day, missile strike on Kharkiv TEC-5 thermal power plant in Kharkiv was confirmed by Ukrainian officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/09/12/7367063/|title=Russia's missile strike on Thermal Power Plant in Kharkiv Oblast is an "act of desperation" following immense losses and retreat – Ukraine's Foreign Ministry|website=pravda.com.ua|date=12 September 2022}}</ref> *During 2022 Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure in October, November and December 2022, number of Kalibr cruise missiles fired from the Black Sea targeted various Ukrainian energy facilities across the country. This led to destruction of at least 50% of Ukraine's energy sector by mid-November 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/11/18/7376976/|title=Almost 50% of Ukraine's energy system disabled by missile attacks|website=pravda.com|date=18 November 2022}}</ref> **On 10 October 2022, three Kalibr cruise missiles violated the airspace of the Republic of Moldova.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/32365-russian-missiles-fired-at-ukraine-violate-moldova-airspace|title=Russian missiles violated Moldova's airspace, Foreign Minister says|website=aerotime.aero|date=10 October 2022}}</ref> **On 31 October 2022, remains of a Kalibr missile reportedly shot down by Ukrainian air defence crashed in Moldova.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/32535-russia-missile-ukraine-falls-moldova|title=Video: Russian missile shot down by Ukraine falls in Moldova|website=aerotime.aero|date=31 October 2022}}</ref> *On 20 March 2023, Ukraine claimed Russian Kalibr cruise missiles had been involved in an explosion in the north of annexed Crimea. Ukraine announced the explosions but, as is normal, did not explicitly say it was behind the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65021987.amp|title=Ukraine says Russian missiles destroyed in Crimea|website=bbc.com|date=20 March 2023}}</ref>
==Variants== Domestic variants are basic versions of this missile family; these are the 3M54, 3M51, 3M14 and 91R variants. The export model is called Club (formerly Klub). There are two major launch platforms: the Kalibr-PL (export Club-S), designed for use from submarines, and the Kalibr-NK (export Club-N), designed for surface ships. These two launch platforms can be equipped with the following warhead and guidance combinations:<ref name=group1>Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012–2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 13</ref> ===Gallery=== <gallery mode=packed> File:3M-14E submarine launched land attack cruise missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 01.jpg File:3M-54E submarine launched anti-ship missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 02.jpg File:91RE1 submarine launched anti-submarine missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 01.jpg File:91RE1 submarine launched anti-submarine missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 02.jpg File:3M-54E submarine launched anti-ship missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 01.jpg File:3M-14E submarine launched land attack cruise missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S system 02.jpg File:3M-54E1.jpg File:3M-54E missile MAKS2009.jpg File:3M-14E.jpg File:Downed Russian missile, 2023-03-09 (01).jpg </gallery>
===Domestic variants=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Name !Length !Warhead !Range !Launch platform !Target type !User !Notes !Ref. |- |'''{{vanchor |3M54K}}''' |{{convert|8.22|m|ft|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|550-660|km||abbr=on}} |Submarine | rowspan="2" |Surface ship | rowspan="5" |Russian Navy | | rowspan="4" |{{cn|date=July 2024}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M54T}}''' |{{convert|8.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} |Surface ship |VLS-launched; Thrust vectoring booster |- |'''{{vanchor |3M14K}}''' ('''SS-N-30A''') |{{convert|6.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|2500|km|mi|abbr=on}} |Submarine | rowspan="2" |Land |Mach 0.8; inertial guidance |- |'''{{vanchor |3M14T}}''' |{{convert|8.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} |Surface ship |VLS-launched; Thrust vectoring booster |- |'''{{vanchor |Kalibr-M}}''' | | |{{convert|4500|km|mi|abbr=on}} |ship, submarine, air, and land-launched | |Under development | |}
===Export variants=== {| class="wikitable" !Name !Length !Warhead !Range !Launch platform !Target type !Notes !Ref. |- style="border-top: double 5px grey" | colspan="8" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''{{vanchor |Club-S}}<ref name="group2">Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012–2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 15</ref>'''}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54E}}''' | rowspan="3" |{{convert|6.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |{{convert|300|km||abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |Submarine | rowspan="2" |Surface ship | | rowspan="3" |{{cn|date=July 2024}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54E1}}''' |Sea-skimming; Terminal speed: Mach 0.8 |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-14E}}''' |{{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |Land |- style="border-top: double 5px grey" | colspan="8" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''{{vanchor |Club-N}}<ref name="group2" />'''}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54TE}}''' | rowspan="3" |{{convert|8.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |{{convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |{{convert|300|km||abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |Surface ship | rowspan="2" |Surface ship |Thrust vectoring booster | rowspan="3" |{{cn|date=July 2024}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54TE1}}''' |Sea-skimming; Terminal speed: Mach 0.8; Thrust vectoring booster |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-14TE}}''' |{{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |Land |inertial guidance; Thrust vectoring booster |- style="border-top: double 5px grey" | colspan="8" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''{{vanchor |Club-T}}'''}} |- |'''3M-54E2''' | | rowspan="2" |{{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | | rowspan="2" |Land |Surface ship | rowspan="2" |Weight: {{convert|1700|kg|lb|abbr=on}}; CEP: {{convert|50|m||abbr=on}}; Cruise speed: {{convert|240|m/s|Mach|abbr=on}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name="Janes_Club_T">{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Defexpo 2020: Almaz-Antey upgrades Club-T cruise missile system |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/defexpo-2020-almaz-antey-upgrades-club-t-cruise-missile-system |access-date=26 June 2022 |publisher=Jane's Information Group}}</ref> |- |'''3M-14E1''' | | |Land |- style="border-top: double 5px grey" | colspan="8" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''{{vanchor |Club-A}}'''}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54AE}}''' | | rowspan="2" |{{convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |{{convert|300|km||abbr=on}} | rowspan="3" |Air-launched | rowspan="2" |Surface ship |Terminal: Supersonic speed | rowspan="3" |{{cn|date=July 2024}} |- |'''{{vanchor |3M-54AE1}}''' | | |- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey" |'''{{vanchor |3M-14AE}}''' |{{convert|6.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} |{{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |Land |Weight: {{convert|1400|kg|lb|abbr=on}}; Inertial navigation system; Satellite navigation |} ==Operators== thumb|upright=1.35|Map of Kalibr operators
*{{RUS}}: ** {{navy|Russia}} uses the 3M14, 3M54, 3M54-1, 91R1, 91RT2. Submarine-launched variants (entered service in 2016) are used by {{sclass|Kilo|submarine}}, {{sclass|Lada|submarine}}, {{sclass|Akula|submarine}}, Oscar II-class submarine and the {{sclass|Yasen|submarine}}. Surface ship launched variants are used by the ''Gremyashchy'' class, ''Karakurt'' class, ''Buyan-M'' class corvettes, ''Gepard'' class, ''Admiral Gorshkov'' class and the ''Admiral Grigorovich''-class frigates.{{cn|date=July 2024}} According to classified documents, Russia signed two large contracts for the supply of 240 missiles between 2022 and 2024 and 450 missiles between 2025 and 2026. Also, 56 3M-14S missiles with a special nuclear warhead are ordered.<ref>{{cite web | title=From Kalibr to Kinzhal: How Much Do Russian Missiles Really Cost? | website=Militarnyi | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://militarnyi.com/en/articles/from-kalibr-to-kinzhal-how-much-do-russian-missiles-really-cost/ | language=en | ref={{sfnref|Militarnyi|2025}} | access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref> *{{DZA}}: The Algerian National Navy uses the 'Club-S' variant for their ''Kilo'' class submarines.{{cn|date=July 2024}} *{{IND}}: The Indian Navy uses both 'Club-S' and 'Club-N' variants for the ''Kilo'' class submarines (known as the {{sclass|Sindhughosh|submarine|2}} in Indian service), the ''Talwar'' class frigates respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-04/india/27891546_1_kilo-class-new-sonars-cruise-missiles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021131446/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-04/india/27891546_1_kilo-class-new-sonars-cruise-missiles|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 21, 2012|title=India to acquire new undersea cruise missiles|last=Pandit|first=Rajat |date=August 4, 2008|work=The Times of India|access-date=2008-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Russian-origin subs to get new anti-ship missiles | website=The Tribune | date=2025-02-06 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/russian-origin-subs-to-get-new-anti-ship-missiles/ | ref={{sfnref|The Tribune|2025}} | access-date=2025-02-07}}</ref> *{{VNM}}: The Vietnam People's Navy uses the 'Club-S' variant for its six ''Kilo'' class submarines.<ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/vietnam-buys-deadly-new-missiles-capable-of-hitting-china/ Vietnam Buys Deadly New Missiles Capable of Hitting China] – Thediplomat.com, 30 April 2015</ref> *{{CHN}}: The People's Liberation Army Navy uses the 'Club-S' variant for its ''Kilo'' class submarines.<ref>Newsweek, article [http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/10/04/u-s-wary-of-china-s-anti-ship-missiles.html "China's Carrier Killers"], Oct. 4, 2010</ref> *{{IRN}}: Contradictory sources indicate that the Iranian Navy is thought to have purchased or is about to purchase 'Club-S' missiles for its three ''Kilo'' class submarines.<ref name=c1>Strategy Page, article [http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsub/articles/20060830.aspx ''Iranian Submarine Launched Missiles''], Aug. 30, 2006</ref><ref name=c2>NTI, article [http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/iran-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/ Iran Submarine Import and Export Behavior | NTI] ''Iran Submarine Import and Export Behavior''], Aug. 8, 2012</ref>{{needs update|date=July 2024}}
==See also== <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> *{{lwc|9K720 Iskander#Iskander-K|Iskander-K}} *{{lwc|3M-51 Alfa}} *{{lwc|Atmaca}} *{{lwc|AV-TM 300}} *{{lwc|NASM-MR}} *{{lwc|Babur (cruise missile)|Babur}} *{{lwc|BGM-109 Tomahawk}} *{{lwc|Hyunmoo-3}} *{{lwc|Noor (missile)|Noor ASCM}} *{{lwc|Qader (missile)|Qader}} *{{lwc|RK-55}} *{{lwc|YJ-18}}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbUU_9bOcnM&feature=youtu.be/ Graphics Illustration] * [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kalibr/ CSIS Missile Threat – SS-N-30] * [https://concern-agat.ru/ Producer, corporate WWW] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127185616/https://concern-agat.ru/ |date=2019-01-27 }} * {{cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/club.htm|title=3M-54 Klub|work=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=2007-02-27| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070205024657/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/club.htm| archive-date= 5 February 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Klub.html|title=Klub (SS-N-27) ASCN|work=Bharat Rakshak Monitor|access-date=2007-02-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070205151244/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Klub.html |archive-date = 2007-02-05}} * <!-- {{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/bloomberg/20070323/pl_bloomberg/ako7y_orw538 |work=Yahoo.com|accessdate=2007-03-23|title = ?}} -- broken link -->
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SSM}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalibr}} Category:Cruise missiles Category:Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia Category:Anti-submarine missiles of Russia Category:Air-to-surface missiles of Russia Category:Surface-to-surface missiles of Russia Category:Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Russia Category:NPO Novator products Category:Anti-ship cruise missiles of India Category:Nuclear cruise missiles of Russia Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s Category:Military equipment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine