{{short description|Polish painter (1918–1998)}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Kali | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- just the filename, without the File:/Image: prefix or brackets --> | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Hanna Gordziałkowska | birth_date = {{birth date|1918|12|18}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Poland | death_date = {{death date and age|1998|06|20|1918|12|18}} | death_place = San Francisco, California, United States | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | education = Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw <br /> Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts | alma_mater = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = Henryk "Henry" Weynerowski (1901–1988) | relatives = Antoni Weynerowski (father in-law) | awards = <!-- {{awd|award|year|title|role|name}} (optional) --> | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = <!-- {{URL|Example.com}} --> | module = }}

'''Kali''' ('''Hanna Weynerowska''', born '''Hanna Gordziałkowska'''; December 18, 1918 – June 20, 1998) was a Polish-born American painter known for her stylized portraits. She has been described as one of the most important Polish female painters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://culture.pl/pl/artykul/odnalezione-obrazy-trafia-do-rapperswilu|title=Odnalezione obrazy trafią do Rapperswilu|work=Culture.pl}}</ref> She was a World War II veteran of the Polish Resistance Movement after Nazi Germany occupied Poland, when she used the nom de guerre ''Kali''. After emigrating and marrying, she used many variants of name, including "Hanna Kali Weynerowski", "Hanna Weynerowski-Kali", "Hanna Gordziałkowski-Weynerowski", "Hanka Weynerowska", and "Hanna Gordziałkowski", but she signed her paintings ''Kali''.

==Work== The figures in her art resemble Old Masters in subject and positioning, but are painted in a simplified, flattened and more graphic manner. The paintings are brightly colored, often portraying the subject shown sitting at bust-length, with an elongated face, flattened body, a patterned element such as part of the clothing, and with the subject's hands positioned in a classical pose. Her work has been likened to a combination of Neo-mannerist and Surrealist.

==Life== Hanna Gordziałkowska was born on 18 December 1918 in Warsaw, Poland.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Missing Polish paintings found in Santa Rosa|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/apr/12/missing-polish-paintings-found-in-santa-rosa/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=Associated Press|date=April 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://www.washington.mfa.gov.pl/en/c/MOBILE/news/polish_artwork_returned_from_the_united_states__|title = Polish artwork returned from the United States|date = April 4, 2014|accessdate = March 7, 2015|website = Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Washington, DC.|archive-date = March 3, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221030/http://www.washington.mfa.gov.pl/en/c/MOBILE/news/polish_artwork_returned_from_the_united_states__|url-status = dead}}</ref> She attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, studying under Tadeusz Pruszkowski.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.polishclubsf.org/The%20Silent%20Heroes%20Part%20I.pdf|title = The Silent Heroes, Polish Contributions to California, Part I: Northern California|last = Tomczykowska|first = Wanda|date = 1990|journal = The Polish Arts and Cultures Foundation|accessdate = March 7, 2015|pages=35–37}}</ref> Her education was interrupted by the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://issuu.com/muzeumpolskie/docs/en_katalog_kali/4|title = Catalog of lost artwork Hanna KALI Weynerowska (1918-1998)|date = 2013|accessdate = March 6, 2015|website = Issuu|publisher = The Polish Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland}}</ref> She joined the Polish resistance movement, the Home Army (''Armia Krajowa''), using the nom de guerre ''Kali'';<ref name=":1" /> she was a member of a women's sabotage unit. In the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, she was wounded and taken prisoner of war to Germany.<ref name=":1"/> Her prison camp was eventually liberated by the Soviet Army. She escaped from communist-governed Poland, aided by the U.S. military, to West Germany.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/>

By 1945 she was living in Brussels, Belgium, and attending the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts (''ARBA'') in Brussels to complete her arts education.<ref name=":0" /> In Brussels she married Henryk "Henry" Weynerowski (1901–88) a fellow Polish refugee and resistance fighter.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> For the next five years, she lived in Europe and exhibited her art in various countries, including France, Britain, Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland.<ref name=":2" /> She used many variants of her name after emigrating from Poland and marrying, including "Hanna Kali Weynerowski", "Hanna Weynerowski-Kali", "Hanna Gordziałkowski-Weynerowski", "Hanka Weynerowska", and "Hanna Gordziałkowski". Her paintings were simply signed ''Kali''.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://fineart.ha.com/itm/fine-art-painting-european/contemporary-1950-to-present-/hanna-weynerowska-kali-polish-20th-century-infantaoil-on-canvas32-x-24-inches-813-x-610-cm-signed-upper-lef/a/5062-64084.s|title = Hanna Weynerowska Kali (Polish, 20th Century). Infanta. Oil on canvas. 32 x 24 inches|date = 2011|accessdate = March 7, 2015|website = Heritage Auctions}}</ref>

In 1953 she moved with her husband to San Francisco, California, where they lived until their deaths.

She died on 20 June 1998 in San Francisco. In her will, she requested that her 86 paintings be transferred to the Polish Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland.<ref name=":2" /> The paintings were missing for sixteen years until early 2014, when FBI agents visited her nephew in Santa Rosa, California.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://abc7news.com/archive/9501233/|title=75 Kali paintings found in Bay Area return to Poland|date=April 11, 2014|website=ABC Local|publisher=KGO-TV|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> Her nephew explained that 75 of the missing paintings were in a storage facility; they were returned to the museum.<ref name=":3" />

== Exhibitions == * 1950: Galerie des Garets, Paris, France<ref>{{Cite book|title = Kali Gordzialkowska, galerie des Garets, Paris, du 2 au 17 juin 1950. : Préf. Robert Vrinat, Paul Fierens.|oclc = 25773346}}</ref> * 1950: London Gallery, London, England<ref name=":4" /> * 1950: Palais de Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium<ref name=":4" /> * 1952: Weyhe Gallery, New York, New York, US<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.baerbosch.com/node/64|title = Hanna Weynerowska Kali Painting, B. 1918.|date = 2013|accessdate = March 7, 2015|website = BaerBosch.com|publisher = Baer and Bosch Auctioneers|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130935/http://www.baerbosch.com/node/64|archive-date = April 2, 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 1953: São Paulo Art Biennial (Bienal Do Museu De Arte Moderna), São Paulo, Brazil<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.artfacts.net/en/artist/hanna-weynerowski-kali-461811/profile.html|title = Hanna Weynerowski-Kali 1918 | accessdate = March 7, 2015|website = ArtFacts.net }}</ref> * 1955: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, California, US<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/montanapublic-assistance-bureau/architect-and-engineer-volume-v200-203-1955-fna/page-28-architect-and-engineer-volume-v200-203-1955-fna.shtml|title = Architect and engineer (Volume v.200&ndash;203 (1955)) San Francisco|date = 1955|accessdate = March 7, 2015|website = ebooksread}}</ref> * 1963: Gallery 63 Inc., New York, New York, US<ref>{{Cite book|title = Kali : [exhibition Apr. 29 &ndash; May 18, 1963] : Gallery 63 Inc. ... New York, N.Y.|oclc = 80950583}}</ref> * 2014: Polish Museum, Rapperswil, Switzerland

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== * [http://wyborcza.pl/51,75475,15785807.html?i=0 Kali Image Gallery] from Gazeta Wyborcza (a Polish newspaper) * [https://polenmuseum.ch/en/news/kali-en Exhibition of Hanna Weynerowska-Kali at the Rapperswil Polish Museum] * ''[http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Hanna-Weynerowska-Polish-Born-Artist-Missing-Paintings-Discovered-in-Santa-Rosa-Storage-Facility-254981761.html Polish-Born Artist's Missing Paintings Discovered in Santa Rosa Storage Unit] ''news article'' ''from NBC Bay Area

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kali}} Category:1918 births Category:1998 deaths Category:Polish women artists Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Category:Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni Category:Polish-American culture in California Category:Painters from San Francisco Category:Painters from Warsaw Category:Home Army members Category:Warsaw Uprising insurgents Category:20th-century Polish painters Category:20th-century Polish women painters Category:20th-century American artists Category:20th-century American women painters Category:20th-century American painters Category:Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Brussels alumni Category:Polish prisoners of war Category:Polish emigrants to the United States Category:Female resistance members of World War II