{{Short description|Private bank in Afghanistan}} {{Infobox company |name = New Kabul Bank |logo = File:KabulBankLogo.jpg |company_slogan = |type = Private bank |foundation = Kabul Bank (2004),<br>New Kabul Bank (2011) |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |revenue = |num_employees = |homepage = [http://newkabulbank.af/ New Kabul Bank] }} '''New Kabul Bank''' is a bank in Afghanistan that has its main branch in the capital city of Kabul. It was established in 2004 as the '''Kabul Bank''', the first private bank in Afghanistan. After corruption and scandals it was re-established in 2011 as the New Kabul Bank.
It is the main bank used to pay the salaries of the national army and security police forces. The bank provides facilities to maintain accounts in Current, Savings Bank, and Fixed deposits; and offers its consumers branch and automated teller machine services. The bank is under the supervision of the Central Bank of Afghanistan (''Da Afghanistan Bank−DAB''), the General Directorate of Treasury, and the Afghanistan Ministry of Finance (MOF).
==History== ===Founding=== thumb|An advertisement for the ''Bakht Account'' (Lucky Account) The Kabul Bank was established in 2004. It is connected throughout the globe with SWIFT facility, which enables fund transfer for its customers. The bank has correspondent relationship with seven international banks situated in Germany, China, Iran, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia and India.
===Corruption scandal=== Kabul Bank was badly shaken in 2011, in one of "the worst banking scandals in history", according to ''The Guardian'' newspaper.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/15/afghan-bank-missing-billion|title=Afghan finance minister admits doubts over Kabul Bank's missing $1bn|first=Jon|last=Boone|newspaper=The Guardian |date=15 November 2011|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> In late 2012, according to the ''Los Angeles Times'', independent investigators and journalists uncovered widespread corruption in Kabul Bank.<ref name="articles.latimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-nov-28-la-fg-wn-kabul-bank-corruption-report-20121128-story.html|title=Report cites extensive corruption involving Afghan bank|date=28 November 2012|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> ''The New York Times'', in 2012, headlines indicate "Audit Says Kabul Bank Began as 'Ponzi Scheme'" following investigation and judicial action in the aftermath of the Bank's crisis and scandal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/27/world/asia/kabul-bank-audit-details-extent-of-fraud.html|title=Kabul Bank Audit Details Extent of Fraud|first=Matthew|last=Rosenberg|work=The New York Times |date=26 November 2012|accessdate=4 March 2019|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
In 2010, it was disclosed that its Chairman other insiders were spending the bank's US$1 billion for their own personal lavish style living and lending money under the table to family, relatives and friends. In September 2010, one of the principal owners of the bank said that depositors had withdrawn $180 million in two days and predicted a "revolution" in the country's financial system unless the Afghan government and the United States moved quickly to help stabilize the bank.<ref name="Filkins">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/03/world/asia/03kabul.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|title=Depositors Panic Over Bank Crisis in Afghanistan|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|newspaper=New York Times|date=2 September 2010|accessdate=3 September 2010}} {{cite news|url=http://www.uspolicyinabigworld.com/2012/06/12/how-they-robbed-kabulbank/|title=How They Robbed Kabul Bank|last=Huffman|first=Michael|date=12 June 2012}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Ahmad">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jJma5WN_riCwDv-7SbQTEOx6AHsA?docId=CNG.f3c56da45464a41c1cd517b13c5de4ac.2a1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125063751/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jJma5WN_riCwDv-7SbQTEOx6AHsA?docId=CNG.f3c56da45464a41c1cd517b13c5de4ac.2a1|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Afghan government orders all private banks to be audited |last=Ahmad|first=Sardar|newspaper=AFP|date=19 October 2010|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref> In November 2010, reports appeared that Farnood and chief executive Khalilullah Frozi both had been sacked from duties;<ref name="Ellis">{{cite news|url=http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2711446/CurrentIssue/80126/Why-Farnood-was-flushed-out-of-Kabulbank.html|title=Why Farnood was flushed out of Kabulbank|last=Ellis|first=Eric|newspaper=Euromoney|date=7 November 2010|accessdate=11 November 2010}}</ref> as of early 2011 both were effectively under house arrest and could not leave the country,<ref name="Partlow">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/31/AR2011013106130.html|title=Kabul Bank employees flee to Pakistan amid investigation into lending, officials say|newspaper=Washington Post|last=Partlow|first=Joshua|date=1 February 2011|accessdate=13 February 2011}}</ref> and in July 2011 both were formally arrested and detained in Kabul.<ref name="Shah">{{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_18419893|title=Afghan official: 2 Kabul Bank officials arrested |newspaper=Associated Press|last=Shah|first=Amir|date=6 July 2011|accessdate=13 July 2011}}</ref> DAB stated in February 2011, it would seek to sell Kabul Bank within three years once it was rehabilitated,<ref name="Burch">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/afghanistan-kabulbank-idUSSGE71105920110202|title=Afghan cbank says will sell troubled Kabulbank |last=Burch|first=Jonathon|newspaper=Reuters|date=2 February 2011|accessdate=13 February 2011}}</ref> but both the International Monetary Fund and US officials subsequently pressed for a rapid wind down of the institution.<ref name=FinTimes/> A USAID inspector general report estimated that fraudulent loans diverted $850 million to bank insiders.<ref name=Shah/> By October 2011, more than a year after the government seized control, officials had recovered less than 10 percent of the nearly $1 billion that went missing.<ref name="Londono">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/war-zones/little-money-recovered-in-kabul-bank-scandal/2011/10/01/gIQAOTPsEL_story.html|title=In Kabul Bank scandal, little money recovered|newspaper=Washington Post|last=Londono|first=Ernesto|date=2 October 2011|accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref>
In 2010, mobs of customers massed outside of bank locations.<ref name=Ellis/> President Karzai's brother, Mahmood Karzai, is reported to have played a significant role in the bank scandal, and is alleged to have received millions of dollars in loans from Kabul Bank. He was later alleged to be under investigation by a U.S. Federal grand jury and U.S. tax authorities, including the U.S. Internal Revenue Service for tax evasion allegations. Canada's ''Maclean's'' magazine reported that Mahmoud Karzai was being investigated for racketeering, extortion and tax evasion as a result of connections to the bank and Hamid Karzai.<ref name="articles.latimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/band-of-brothers/ |title=Mahmoud Karzai being investigated for racketeering, extortion and tax evasion – Macleans.ca |website=www.macleans.ca|date=7 March 2011 |accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Spencer |first=Richard |work=The Telegraph |date=8 September 2010 |title=Hamid Karzai's brother made £500,000 on Kabul Bank property deal |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7989594/Hamid-Karzais-brother-made-500000-on-Kabul-Bank-property-deal.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Higgins |first=Andrew |work=Financial Times |date=22 February 2010 |title=Banker feeds crony capitalism in Afghanistan |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c73eeaf2-1f85-11df-8975-00144feab49a |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mondediplo.com/2011/11/11kabulbank |last=Imbert |first=Louise |date=November 2011 |work=Le Monde Diplomatique |translator=George Miller |title=Hushed up scandal of the Kabul Bank – The Afghan banking crisis}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/04/world/asia/karzai-family-moves-to-protect-its-privilege.html|title=Karzai Family Moves to Protect Its Privilege|first=James|last=Risen|work=The New York Times |date=3 June 2012|accessdate=4 March 2019|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>Wall Street Journal,(16 February 2011), "Grand Jury Investigates Karzai Brother U.S. Federal Probe Risks Worsening Relations With the Afghan President; Mahmood Karzai Hires a Washington Lawyer"</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/14/AR2010101407927.html|title=Karzai's brother might be indicted for evading U.S. taxes|first1=Andrew|last1=Higgins|first2=Jerry|last2=Markon|date=15 October 2010|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/03/world/asia/03kabul.html|title=Depositors Panic Over Bank Crisis in Afghanistan|first=Dexter|last=Filkins|work=The New York Times |date=2 September 2010|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> On 27 December 2010, a suicide car bomber killed at least three Afghans, including one policeman, as he targeted police officers who lined up to withdraw their salaries in front of Kabul Bank in central Kandahar; the midday explosion also wounded 16 policemen and five civilians.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204685004576045492277934656|title=Afghan Bomber Targets Officers, Kills at Least Three|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|last=Abi-Habib|first=Maria|date=28 December 2010|accessdate=30 December 2010}}</ref>
===2011=== On 19 February 2011, at least 38 people (including 13 policemen) were killed during an insurgent raid on a branch of Kabul Bank in Jalalabad, the provincial capital of Nangarhar. Three suicide bombers reportedly entered the bank and detonated themselves, and fighting between insurgents and security forces continued for over four hours; President Hamid Karzai and a NATO International Security Assistance Force spokesman condemned the attack, which was the deadliest in the country since June 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/02/20/afghanistan.attack/?hpt=T2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222125558/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/02/20/afghanistan.attack/?hpt=T2|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2011|title=Insurgents raid Afghan bank; 38 killed|newspaper=CNN|date=20 February 2011|accessdate=20 February 2011}}</ref> Two surviving attackers, including teenageer Zar Ajam, were swiftly tried and hanged at Pul-e-Charkhi prison in Kabul in June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghanistan hangs Kabul Bank attackers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/6/21/afghanistan-hangs-kabul-bank-attackers |access-date=3 January 2026 |work=Al Jazeera |date=21 June 2011}}</ref>
In its July 2011 review of the Kabul Bank scandal and aftermath, international non-governmental organization (NGO) Transparency International raised repeated concerns about problems of corruption in Afghanistan and its impact on the economy, business investment, security and civil society.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gutcher |first=Lianne |work=The Guardian |date=19 July 2011 |title=Afghanistan's anti-corruption efforts thwarted at every turn |quote=Transparency International has raised concerns about the impact of corruption on the banking and financial sector in Afghanistan and its controversial links to the public sector and public officials. |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/19/afghanistan-anti-corruption-efforts-thwarted}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/21/AR2010022104317.html|title=In Afghanistan, signs of crony capitalism|first=Andrew|last=Higgins|date=22 February 2010|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uspolicyinabigworld.com/2011/12/03/the-kabul-bank-scandal-and-the-crisis-that-followed-2/|title=The Kabul Bank Scandal and the Crisis that Followed|last=Huffman|first=Michael|date=3 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="Filkins"/><ref name="Ahmad"/><ref name=Ellis/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2010/09/03/karzais_brother_calls_on_us_to_help_avert_afghan_bank_run/ | work=The Boston Globe | first1=Andrew | last1=Higgins | first2=Ernesto | last2=Londono | title=Karzai's brother calls on US to help avert Afghan bank run | date=3 September 2010}}</ref> In October, the ''Washington Post'' reported that Mahmood Karzai could soon be indicted for tax evasion in the U.S., though he denied the charges, telling the newspaper: "I'm very clean", and insisting his only interest was "rebuilding Afghanistan."<ref name="Ahmad"/><ref name="nytimes.com"/>
In mid-January 2011, acting chief financial officer and other Pakistani employees of Kabul Bank fled to Pakistan, apparently out of fear for their lives and possible arrest, though some said they were being made scapegoats for powerful shareholders. Afghan authorities also called in several bank managers, including foreigners, for questioning and detained some in southern Afghanistan's Helmand Province in connection with illicit transfers of bank funds.<ref name=Partlow/>
In early February 2011, DAB Governor Abdul Qadir Fitrat said the central bank would impose stricter rules on banks wanting to handle about US$1.5 billion worth of salaries for government and security officials, which until now has been done by Kabul Bank. Fitrat also told Reuters the total amount of money at risk over suspected irregularities at Kabul Bank amounted to $579 million, almost twice the figure estimated when the bank's troubles first surfaced. Fitrat dismissed concerns that it faced liquidation, saying it would be privately owned again within three years. "Kabulbank is stabilised, it has enough cash at its disposal and the central bank is trying to rehabilitate the bank and then at some point sell it to potential buyers in two or three years," Fitrat told Reuters.<ref name=Burch/> In early July 2011, Fitrat resigned as head of the central bank after fleeing to the United States, claiming his life had been threatened and that he was being made a scapegoat for politically connected individuals.<ref name=Shah/>
After a mid-February 2011 visit by Neal Wolin, the U.S. deputy Treasury secretary, the Afghan finance ministry said that weak international support had exacerbated the crisis. "Afghan and US officials agreed that (the crisis)... was compounded by the erroneous audit by PricewaterhouseCoopers, and ineffective international technical assistance and supervision", the ministry said. However, Wolin pressed the government to rapidly place the lender into receivership, echoing calls made by a previous International Monetary Fund (IMF) delegation.<ref name="FinTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/41d4d2ce-3b3f-11e0-9970-00144feabdc0|title=Kabul rebukes outsiders over bank crisis role|newspaper=Financial Times|last=Green|first=Matthew|date=18 February 2011|accessdate=19 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ic65_Z76Lci4N2dGFaCSlnz23zQw?docId=CNG.d47c1989dfe7f8200937897242970663.1b1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124165139/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ic65_Z76Lci4N2dGFaCSlnz23zQw?docId=CNG.d47c1989dfe7f8200937897242970663.1b1|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2013|title=Afghan parliament approves $51m payout over Kabul Bank|newspaper=AFP|date=16 October 2011|accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Partlow2">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/elaborate-ruse-behind-vast-kabul-bank-fraud/2011/06/30/AGL3bmsH_story.html|title=Elaborate ruse behind vast Kabul Bank fraud|newspaper=Washington Post|last=Partlow|first=Joshua|date=30 June 2011|accessdate=13 July 2011}}</ref><ref name=Londono/><ref>International Wire, CNN (28 November 2012) "Widespread Corruption at Kabul Bank in Afghanistan" {{Cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2826806991.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 September 2013 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204004/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2826806991.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sorkin |first=Amy Davidson |date=2010-09-01 |title=Too Corrupt to Fail? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/too-corrupt-to-fail |access-date=2024-03-01 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sutherland |first1=J. J. |title=Karzai Brother Being Investigated For Corruption |website=NPR |date=27 September 2010 |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2010/09/27/130152430/karzai-brother-being-investigated-for-corruption |access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref><ref>Davidson, Amy, The New Yorker (7 June 2012), "The Karzai Rule : Who Pays for Corruption in Afghanistan"</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Billions of Dollars Sent Illegally Abroad from Kabul Bank|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/billions-of-dollars-sent-illegally-abroad-from-kabul-bank/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|date=28 November 2012|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref> Since 2011, the Karzai Government has rejected banking oversight and reform efforts by the United States in the wake of the Kabul Bank scandal and collapse according to reports by the U.S. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) in 2013–14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFGHANISTAN'S BANKING SECTOR: THE CENTRAL BANK'S CAPACITY TO REGULATE COMMERCIAL BANKS REMAINS WEAK |url=https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR%2014-16-AR.pdf |access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/afghan-central-banks-fragile-state-increases-risk-of-new-banking-crisis-audit-finds|title=Afghan central bank's 'fragile state' increases risk of new banking crisis, audit finds|website=PBS NewsHour|date=8 January 2014 |publisher=2014-01-08|language=en-US|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/report-afghan-banking-authority-rejects-u-s-help-1.261194|title=Report: Afghan banking authority rejects U.S. help|last=Standifer|first=Cid|date=9 January 2014|website=Stars and Stripes|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=11 December 2012 |title=U.S. finds Afghan anti-corruption efforts 'deeply troubling' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-finds-afghan-anti-corruption-efforts-deeply-troubling/2012/12/11/e0c57b80-43b3-11e2-8061-253bccfc7532_story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US aid will boost Ukraine, but doubts remain over 2025 supplies | website=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=in |access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref>
Following the departure of Hamid Karzai in 2014, Ashraf Ghani re-opened efforts to recover funds lost by embezzlement, corruption, and fraud by the bank's insiders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Important symbolic act' – DW – 10/03/2014 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/new-probe-into-kabul-bank-scandal-an-important-symbolic-act/a-17970853 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> Ghani vowed to seek to continue the investigation of the Kabul Bank crisis and fight corruption in Afghanistan. In October 2014, the Ghani Administration in Kabul reportedly officially re-opened the investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-01 |title=Kabul Bank fraud: Ghani reopens Afghan corruption case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29450821 |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Washington Post">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/dozens-killed-in-suicide-bomber-attack-outside-an-afghanistan-bank/2015/04/18/3849f572-e59f-11e4-b510-962fcfabc310_story.html|title=Islamic State claims bombing in Afghanistan that kills dozens|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/06/20/afghanistan.bank.attack.executions/index.html|title=Two charged in deadly Afghan bank attack executed|website=www.cnn.com|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref>
In September 2010, the Afghan Central Bank said it was prepared to provide loans to the Kabul Bank, "if it requests".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7984515/Kabul-Bank-gets-Afghan-bail-out.html |title=Kabul Bank gets Afghan bail-out|first=Ben|last=Farmer|date=6 September 2010|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> After the bailout by the government, by 2015, authorities were inviting bids to privatize the new bank.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-bank-idUSKCN0SW0O820151107 |title=Afghan government cancels property deal with convicted banker |newspaper=Reuters |date=7 November 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> In 2016, Afghanistan's Joint-Stock Company offered to buy New Kabul Bank for $31 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-28/afghan-firm-offers-31-million-to-buy-defrauded-new-kabul-bank |website=Bloomberg |title=Afghan Firm Offers $31 Million to Buy Defrauded New Kabul Bank |author=Eltaf Najafizada |date=28 July 2016 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> Pakistan's MCB Bank also made a bid, as New Kabul Bank was to be privatized in October 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-06/pakistan-s-mcb-bank-in-race-to-buy-afghanistan-s-new-kabul-bank |website=Bloomberg |title=Pakistan's MCB Bank Bids to Buy Afghanistan's New Kabul Bank |author=Eltaf Najafizada |date=6 April 2016 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Banks}} * Corruption in Afghanistan * Da Afghanistan Bank * {{C|Karzai family}} * Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction * Transparency International * Ferozi FC
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110423143019/http://kabulbank.af/ Official New Kabul Bank website]
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Banks of Afghanistan Category:Banks established in 2004<!--as Kabul Bank--> Category:Banks established in 2011<!--re-established as New Kabul Bank--> Category:Banking controversies Category:Bank failures Category:Controversies in Afghanistan Category:Corporate scandals Category:Corruption in Afghanistan Category:Financial services in Afghanistan Category:Islamic banks Category:Hamid Karzai Category:Karzai family Category:Organisations based in Kabul Category:2004 establishments in Afghanistan Category:2010s in Afghanistan Category:2011 establishments in Afghanistan Category:2011 scandals