{{Short description|South Korean high-speed train}} {{redirect|KTX-II|the supersonic advanced trainer aircraft known as KTX-2|KAI T-50 Golden Eagle}} {{Infobox Train | name = KTX-Sancheon | image = KTX-Sancheon.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = KTX-Sancheon class 110000 | interiorimage = SRT_KTX-Sancheon,_Daejeon_Station_(20240405a)_(54220536901).jpg | interiorcaption = [[Super Rapid Train|SRT]] class 120000 | manufacturer = [[Hyundai Rotem]] | designer = MBD Design<ref name="mbd-sancheon1">{{cite web |title=L'Observeur du design 2008 à la Cité des sciences et de l'industrie |url=https://www.cite-sciences.fr/archives/francais/ala_cite/affiche/observeur-design-2008/ |website=Observeur du design 08 |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301172624/https://www.cite-sciences.fr/archives/francais/ala_cite/affiche/observeur-design-2008/#expand |archive-date=1 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="mbd-sancheon2">{{cite web |title=KTX-II TGV |url=https://www.cite-sciences.fr/archives/francais/ala_cite/affiche/observeur-design-2008/galerie/Design01.jpg |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114111328/https://www.cite-sciences.fr/archives/francais/ala_cite/affiche/observeur-design-2008/galerie/Design01.jpg |archive-date=14 January 2025}}</ref> | family = [[KTX]] | yearconstruction = 2008–2017 | yearservice = 2 March 2010 | refurbishment = | numberbuilt = 710 vehicles (71 sets) | numberservice = 700 vehicles (70 sets) | numberretired = 10 vehicles (1 set; set 408) | formation = {{Unbulleted list |10 cars per trainset |(PC+8T+PC)<ref name="plans2010"/> }} * PC: power car (traction head) * T: trailer (passenger car) | fleetnumbers = {{Unbulleted list |101–124 (Class 110000) |201–222 (Class 120000) |301–310 (Class 130000) |401–415 (Class 140000) }} | capacity = {{indented plainlist| * 379 seated (Class 110000)<ref name="korail-sancheon-genA">{{cite web |title=홍보센터 > 기차소개 > 고속열차 > KTX-산천 - 한국철도공사 |url=https://info.korail.com/info/contents.do?key=1504 |website=Korail |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223075830/https://info.korail.com/info/contents.do?key=1504 |archive-date=23 December 2024 |language=Korean}}</ref> }} * 30 First Class (2+1) * 349 Standard Class (2+2)<ref name="korail-seating-plan">{{cite web |script-title=ko:열차 좌석배치도 |trans-title=Train Seating Chart |url=https://www.korail.com/ticket/train/trainGuide/seatingPlan |website=Korail |access-date=2025-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310145113/https://www.korail.com/ticket/train/trainGuide/seatingPlan |archive-date=2025-03-10 |language=ko |url-status=live}}</ref> {{indented plainlist| * 410 seated (Classes 120000, 130000,<ref name="srt-sancheon1">{{cite web |title=Overview <nowiki>|</nowiki> Overview < SRT < 영문홈페이지 - SR |url=https://www.srail.or.kr/cms/archive.do?pageId=EN0201000000 |website=Super Rapid Train |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227212611/https://www.srail.or.kr/cms/archive.do?pageId=EN0201000000 |archive-date=27 December 2024}}</ref> 140000<ref name="korail-sancheon-genB">{{cite web |title=홍보센터 > 기차소개 > 고속열차 > KTX-산천(원강) - 한국철도공사 |url=https://info.korail.com/info/contents.do?key=2730 |website=Korail |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114085628/https://info.korail.com/info/contents.do?key=2730 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |language=Korean}}</ref>) }} * 33 First Class (2+1) * 377 Standard Class (2+2)<ref name="myanmarreport">{{cite web |title=2016/17 Policy Consultation III: Implementation Plan for Construction of High-Speed Railway Infrastructure in Myanmar |url=https://www.ksp.go.kr/api/file/download/15532?downloadFilename=19.%20(Myanmar)%20High%20Speed%20Railways.pdf |access-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114074605/https://www.ksp.go.kr/api/file/download/15532?downloadFilename=19.%20%28Myanmar%29%20High%20Speed%20Railways.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2025}}</ref> | operator = {{plainlist| * [[Korail]] * (Classes 110000, 140000) * [[SR Corporation]] * (Classes 120000, 130000) }} | depots = Goyang, Osong | lines = {{plainlist| * [[Gyeongbu high-speed railway|Gyeongbu HSR]] * [[Honam high-speed railway|Honam HSR]] * [[Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway|Suseo–Pyeongtaek HSR]] * [[Gyeongbu Line]] * [[Honam Line]] * [[Gyeongjeon Line]] * [[Jeolla Line]] * [[Donghae Line]] * [[AREX]] (until 2018) * [[Gyeonggang Line#Seowonju-Gangneung|Gangneung Line]] (until 2021) }} | carbody = {{plainlist| * '''Traction heads:''' Steel<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/><ref name="rotem-ktx-ii-2009">{{cite web |title=KORAIL high speed train (KTX-II) |url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop09.asp |website=Hyundai Rotem |access-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214175157/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop09.asp |archive-date=14 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Passenger cars:''' Aluminium<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/><ref name="rotem-ktx-ii-2009" /> }} | trainlength = {{Convert|201|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/><ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="srt-sancheon1" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /><ref name="myanmarreport" /> | carlength = {{plainlist| * '''Traction heads:''' * {{Convert|22.7|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="myktx-el"/><ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /><ref name="myanmarreport" /> * '''End passenger cars:''' * {{Convert|21.8|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="myanmarreport" /> * '''Intermediate passenger cars:''' * {{Convert|18.7|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="irail_2009-HEMU" /><ref name="myanmarreport" /> }} | width = {{plainlist| * '''Traction heads:''' * {{Convert|2.814|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="myktx-el"/><ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /><ref name="myanmarreport" /> * '''Passenger cars:''' * {{Convert|2.97|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="5years" /><ref name="srt-sancheon1" /><ref name="rotem-ktx-ii-2009" /><ref name="myanmarreport" /> }} | height = {{plainlist| * '''Traction heads:''' * {{Convert|4.062|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="myktx-el"/> * '''End passenger cars:''' * {{Convert|4.092|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="various-Korean-train-dimensions">{{cite web |author1=Yu-Bok Choi |author2=Joo-Han Oh |author3=Min-Soo Lee |author4=Man-Cheol Kim |author5=Tae-Hwan Ko |script-title=ko:국내외 철도기준 비교를 통한 건축한계 폭 감소에 따른 차량별 적용성 검토 |trans-title=Application of each railway vehicles by reducing width of construction gauge through comparing with domestic and abroad railway standard. |url=https://railway.or.kr/Papers_Conference/201702/pdf/KSR2017S245.pdf |website=The Korean Society for Railway |publisher=2017 년도 한국철도학회 춘계학술대회 논문집 (2017 Korean Society for Railway Spring Conference Proceedings) |access-date=2025-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609113943/https://railway.or.kr/Papers_Conference/201702/pdf/KSR2017S245.pdf |archive-date=2025-06-09 |language=ko |url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Intermediate passenger cars:''' * {{Convert|3.75|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="rotem-ktx-ii-2009" /> }} | floorheight = {{Convert|1125|mm|in|abbr=on|1}} | platformheight = | entrylevelorstep = | art-sections = | doors = | maxspeed = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |'''Service:''' |{{convert|305|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} |'''Design:''' |{{convert|330|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="srt-sancheon1" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /> }} | weight = {{plainlist| * '''Empty:''' * {{Convert|403|t|abbr=on|lk=on}} (Class 110000);<ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /> * {{Convert|406|t|abbr=on}} (Classes 120000, 130000, 140000)<ref name="srt-sancheon1" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /> * '''Loaded:''' * {{Convert|434|t|abbr=on|lk=on}} (Class 110000)<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/> * {{Convert|441|t|abbr=on}} (Classes 120000, 130000, 140000) }} | axleload = max. {{convert|17|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="myanmarreport" /> | acceleration = {{indented plainlist| * {{Convert|0.45|m/s2|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|60|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="myktx-el"/><ref name="myanmarreport" /> * from {{convert|0|to|300|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 316 s and {{convert|16.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="myktx-el"/> }} | deceleration = {{indented plainlist| * {{Convert|1.06|m/s2|km/h/s|abbr=on}} (+5% -0% tolerance)<ref name="myktx-el"/> * from {{convert|300|to|0|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in {{Convert|3.3|km|mi|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="Korail-FAQ">{{cite web|title=KTX의 길이, 중량, 편의시설은 어떻게 되나요? |url=http://info.korail.com/servlets/renew.cus.cus02000.sw_cus02103_l1Svt_new?qseq=299&cpage=5&psize=10&pageTotal=6 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722191908/http://info.korail.com/servlets/renew.cus.cus02000.sw_cus02103_l1Svt_new?qseq=299&cpage=5&psize=10&pageTotal=6 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref><ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" /> }} | traction = 8 three-phase asynchronous [[induction motor]]s<br/>4 [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]]-based [[Variable-frequency drive|VVVF]] [[Inverter (electrical)|inverter]]s | poweroutput = 8 x {{Convert|1100|kW|abbr=on}} ({{Convert|8.8|MW|disp=or|abbr=on}})<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/><ref name="irail_2009-HEMU">{{cite journal|url=http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/y2009/1_2/preface/20090320/1_17299.html |title=최고시험속도 400km/h 동력분산식 차세대 고속열차 개발(HEMU-400X) |language=ko |date=January–February 2009 |journal=Korean Rail Technology |access-date=2011-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184049/http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/y2009/1_2/preface/20090320/1_17299.html |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> | aux = 2 x {{Convert|1.0|MW|0|abbr=on}}, supplying 670 V DC<br/>IGBT-based<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rotem.co.kr/Common/data/KTX-II.pdf |language=ko |title=KTX-II |publisher=Rotem |access-date=2010-11-19 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722072837/http://www.rotem.co.kr/Common/data/KTX-II.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | tractiveeffort = {{convert|210|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="myanmarreport" /> | gearbox = [[Voith#Voith_Turbo|Voith]] SE-530 and SE-340<ref name="voith-ktx-gearbox">{{cite web |title=KTX as economic factor: High-speed trains in South Korea |url=https://www.voith.com/corp-en/voith-turbo-perspectives/high-speed-trains.html |website=[[Voith]] |access-date=2025-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908193258/https://www.voith.com/corp-en/voith-turbo-perspectives/high-speed-trains.html |archive-date=2025-09-08 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> | hvac = | electricsystem = [[25 kV AC railway electrification#25 kV AC at 60 Hz|25 kV/60 Hz AC]] | powersupply = [[Overhead lines|catenary]] | collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]<br/>(type: single-arm, SSS400+)<ref name="panto"/> | uicclass = Bo'Bo' + 2'(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)2' + Bo'Bo' | bogies = | brakes = [[Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes]] ([[Regenerative brake|Regenerative]], [[Rheostatic brake|rheostatic]], [[Disc brake|disc]], [[Railway air brake|pneumatic]]) | safety = [[Automatic train stop|ATS]], [[Automatic train protection|ATP]] ([[Hitachi Rail STS|Ansaldo]]), [[Automatic train control|ATC]] ([[Transmission voie-machine|TVM-430]]) | coupling = [[Scharfenberg coupler|Scharfenberg]] | multipleworking = Up to two trainsets (three on maintenance) | gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} }} The '''KTX-Sancheon''' ({{korean|hangul=KTX-산천|hanja=KTX-山川}}, formerly called the KTX-II) is a South Korean [[high-speed rail|high-speed train]] built by [[Hyundai Rotem]] and operated by [[Korail]] and [[SR Corporation]]. With the maximum operational speed of {{Convert|305|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}}, the KTX-Sancheon is the second commercial high-speed train operated in South Korea, as well as the country's first domestically developed high-speed train in commercial service.
The KTX-Sancheon can be divided into four classes: '''Classes 110000 and 140000''' which are owned and operated by Korail, '''Class 120000''' which is owned by Korail but leased to SR Corporation for operation, and '''Class 130000''' which is owned and operated by SR Corporation.
==History== {{See also|KTX-I|HSR-350x}} When South Korea started its high-speed rail project, rolling stock and infrastructure was built in the framework of a technology transfer agreement between GEC-Alsthom (today [[Alstom]]), the main maker of French [[TGV]] high-speed trains, and South Korean companies. Thus [[Korea Train Express]] (KTX) began operating with [[KTX-I]] trains, which were derived from the [[SNCF TGV Réseau|TGV Réseau]], and built both by Alstom and Rotem.<ref name="alstom2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.alstom.com/news-and-events/press-releases/KTX-opens-for-commercial-service-20040401/ |title=KTX opens for commercial service |date=2004-04-01 |publisher=Alstom |access-date=2010-12-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615193143/http://www.alstom.com/news-and-events/press-releases/KTX-opens-for-commercial-service-20040401/ |archive-date=2011-06-15 }}</ref> The technology transfer agreement did not provide for a complete control of manufacturing processes, and construction involved the import of parts. To increase the domestic added value, in 1996, an alliance of South Korean government research agencies, universities, and private companies started a project called G7 to develop domestic high-speed rail technology.<ref name="JRTR_HSR350x">{{citation |last=Lee |first=Kyung Chul |title=Launch of Korean High-Speed Railway and Efforts to Innovate Future Korean Railway |journal=Japan Railway & Transport Review |issue=48 |date=May 2005 |pages=30–35 |url=http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr48/pdf/f30_Lee.pdf |access-date=2011-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613154854/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr48/pdf/f30_Lee.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The main element of the G7 project was the 7-car experimental high-speed train [[HSR-350x]], originally intended as the prototype of a train with 20-car and 11-car versions for {{Convert|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}} commercial service.<ref name="KRRI-G7-Honam"/><ref name="irj-kim">{{cite magazine |last=Kim |first=Kihwan |url=http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sb/irj0508/index.php?startid=35 |title=Korea Develops High-Speed Ambitions |pages=35–36 |date=May 2008 |magazine=[[International Railway Journal]] |access-date=2010-11-04}}</ref> The experimental train was used for trials from 2002, and achieved the South Korean rail speed record of {{Convert|352.4|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on December 16, 2004.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/krt/20070802/14944_cf_171_KRT_1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310182630/http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/krt/20070802/14944_cf_171_KRT_1.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-10 |title=Trans-Korean Railway |journal=Korean Rail Technology |volume=1 |pages=4–5 |date=May–June 2005 |access-date=2010-11-04 }}</ref>
Already before HSR-350x was finished, in 2001, a study focusing on the needs of the less frequented [[Honam Line]] proposed a modified, modular train that allows shorter configurations by removing traction equipment from the intermediate cars next to the traction heads, while reducing top speed to {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name="KRRI-G7-Honam"/> Possible configurations would have been 12-car, 10-car, and 8-car versions with two traction heads and 8-car, 6-car versions with one traction head and a driving trailer.<ref name="KRRI-G7-Honam">{{cite web|url=http://library.krri.re.kr/own/rail_treatise/2001fail/20030714/8245_file_50.pdf |script-title=ko:호남고속철도 차량 시스템 설계에 관한 연구 |language=ko |year=2001 |publisher=KRRI |access-date=2010-11-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142259/http://library.krri.re.kr/own/rail_treatise/2001fail/20030714/8245_file_50.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> The versions with two traction heads would have offered 500, 384 and 268 seats respectively.<ref name="KRRI-G7-Honam"/> The active passenger compartment pressure control system of the HSR-350x wasn't deemed necessary for the proposed Honam high-speed train, only pressure isolation as in the KTX-I.<ref name="KRRI-G7-Honam"/>
The view that shorter trains have to be added to the KTX rolling stock for operational flexibility was reinforced by the actual [[Honam Line#Honam KTX|Honam KTX]] seat occupation trends after the launch of KTX services on April 1, 2004, with the 20-car KTX-I trains.<ref name="EffectofHSR2005">{{cite journal |last1=D. Suh |first1=Sunduck |last2=Yang |first2=Keun-Yul |last3=Lee |first3=Jae-Hoon |last4=Ahn |first4=Byung-Min |last5=Kim |first5=Jeong Hyun |title=Effects of Korean Train Express (KTX) Operation on the National Transport System |journal=Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies |volume=5 |pages=175–189 |year=2005 |url=http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/175.pdf |access-date=2010-08-27}}</ref> In July 2005, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation earmarked [[South Korean won|₩]]80 billion for two 10-car commercial trains for {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}}, destined for planned KTX services on the [[Jeolla Line]] from 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2005/07/28/2005072861029.html |title=Korea to Build Own Bullet Trains |date=2005-07-28 |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |access-date=2010-11-06}}</ref> In October 2005, however, Korail called competitive bids. Rotem, offering a commercial version of the HSR-350x, was chosen over Alstom as preferred bidder for the ₩300 billion order in December 2005.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:한국형고속철 국토달린다 |url=http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=&bbs=bbs1&seq=2274 |language=ko |date=2005-12-03 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722192018/http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=&bbs=bbs1&seq=2274 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> The order for 10 trains for a price equal to $306 million was placed on June 6, 2006.<ref name="KRT_firstorder">{{cite journal|url=http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/krt/20070802/14947_cf_171_KRT_5.pdf |title=HSR-350x to Launch Service in 2009 |journal=Korean Rail Technology |volume=5 |pages=04–05 |date=September 2006 |access-date=2011-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184225/http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/krt/20070802/14947_cf_171_KRT_5.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> Six of the trainsets were intended for the Honam KTX service from June 2009, four for the Jeolla KTX service from June 2010.<ref name="KRT_firstorder"/><ref name="gazetterotem"/> A second batch of nine sets was ordered in December 2007, intended for [[Gyeongjeon Line#Gyeongjeon KTX|Gyeongjeon KTX]] services between Seoul and [[Masan station (Gyeongjeon Line)|Masan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=7&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |title=Additional Contract for 90 Cars of High Speed Train KTX-II |work=Newsletter |date=March 2008 |publisher=Hyundai Rotem |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722135923/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=7&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |archive-date=2011-07-22 |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> to be delivered by December 2010.<ref name="gazetterotem">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/we-are-making-steady-efforts-to-become-a-global-leader.html |title=We are making steady efforts to become a global leader |date=2008-09-05 |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |access-date=2010-09-23 |author=Chris Jackson |archive-date=2011-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615142252/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/we-are-making-steady-efforts-to-become-a-global-leader.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A third batch of five sets was ordered on December 9, 2008; for delivery by December 2011, intended to strengthen [[Gyeongbu High Speed Railway#Gyeongbu KTX|Gyeongbu KTX]] services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=10&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |title=Hyundai Rotem wins orders from KORAIL for commuter EMUs and further KTX-II |work=Newsletter |date=January 2009 |publisher=Hyundai Rotem |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140200/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=10&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |archive-date=2011-07-22 |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref>
A mock-up showing the exterior and interior design of two passenger cars was shown at exhibitions in 2007, with one of the mock-up cars built as a driving trailer to also display the nose design of the traction heads of the actual train.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=5&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |title=Exhibited at Yongsan Station & Seodaejeon Station: KTX-II, A Pride of Korea! |work=Newsletter |date=July 2007 |publisher=Rotem |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140443/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Common/uFileDownload.asp?Idx=5&Fgbn=1&Brd=EngWebzine |archive-date=2011-07-22 |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> On November 25, 2008, the first KTX-II set was revealed to the public in a roll-out ceremony at the Hyundai Rotem factory in [[Changwon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.korail.com/main/php/search_view.php?idx=9923 |script-title=ko:코레일, 25일 현대로템 창원공장서 출고행사...각계 인사 500여명 참석 |language=ko |date=2008-11-25 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2008-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304014842/http://news.korail.com/main/php/search_view.php?idx=9923 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout"/>
Hyundai Rotem also offered the KTX-II in the competition to supply rolling stock for [[Brazil]]'s [[Rio–São Paulo high-speed rail|Rio–São Paulo]] project.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/business/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20100223000057 |title=Korea consortium in bid for Brazil high-speed train |date=2010-03-30 |newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]] |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320090409/http://www.koreaherald.com/business/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20100223000057 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Technical details== Like the HSR-350x, the KTX-II consists of two traction heads, that is the power cars at both ends, and an articulated set of trailers for passengers in-between; but the number of intermediate cars is eight (in comparison to the [[KTX-I|predecessor's]] 18 cars), and no intermediate car is powered.<ref name="5years">{{cite web |url=http://www.railsafety.or.kr/web/FileDownload.do?file=/por/jsp/admin/board/PORAdminBoardR.jsp/KTX_%EA%B0%9C%ED%86%B5_5%EC%A3%BC%EB%85%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%B7.hwp |title=KTX 개통 5주년 보도자료 |language=ko |date=2009-04-01 |publisher=Rail Safety Information System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141402/http://www.railsafety.or.kr/web/FileDownload.do?file=%2Fpor%2Fjsp%2Fadmin%2Fboard%2FPORAdminBoardR.jsp%2FKTX_%EA%B0%9C%ED%86%B5_5%EC%A3%BC%EB%85%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%B7.hwp |archive-date=2011-07-22 |access-date=2010-11-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two sets can be coupled together<ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout"/> with automatic [[Railway coupling|coupler]]s of the [[Railway coupling#Scharfenberg coupler|Scharfenberg]] type.<ref name="voith"/> The couplers and the surrounding structure form an integral unit, the so-called front ends, which were supplied by German industrial company [[Voith]].<ref name="voith">{{cite web |url=http://www.voith.com/press/550404.htm |title=The first front ends of the new Korean High-speed train KTX II have already arrived in Korea. |date=2008-06-26 |publisher=Voith Turbo |access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> The vehicles received a new exterior front shape,<ref name="irj-kim"/> designed by French design studio MBD Design.<ref name="mbd-sancheon1" /><ref name="mbd-sancheon2" /> The aerodynamic shape was inspired by the [[Oncorhynchus masou|cherry salmon]], an indigenous fish.<ref name="kwz-intro"/><ref name="TCI_sancheon">{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/02/12/2010021200305.html |title=Korea's 1st Homemade Bullet Train on Track in March |date=2010-02-12 |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |access-date=2010-11-07}}</ref>
Like for the HSR-350x,<ref name="irj-kim"/> the carbody of intermediate cars is made of aluminum.<ref name="Rotem-pdf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rotem.co.kr/Eng/Common/data/KTX-II090120_eng.pdf |date=2009-01-20 |title=KTX-II |publisher=Rotem |access-date=2010-11-19 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722072738/http://www.rotem.co.kr/Eng/Common/data/KTX-II090120_eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlike the HSR-350x, the vehicle lacks bogie shrouding. Compared to the KTX-I, window thickness was increased from {{Convert|29 to 38|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} by adding a fourth layer, to improve sound insulation and pressurization.<ref name="kwz-intro"/> The total width of passenger cars was increased from {{Convert|2904 to 2970|mm|ftin|||abbr=on|}}.<ref name="5years"/>
The KTX-II's [[traction motor]]s, converters, traction control and braking system are domestic developments resulting from the HSR-350x programme.<ref name="rgi_unveiled">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/first-ktx-ii-unveiled-in-korea.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928005813/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/first-ktx-ii-unveiled-in-korea.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |title=First KTX-II unveiled in Korea |date=2008-11-26 |magazine=Railway Gazette International |access-date=2010-11-07 }}</ref> The traction motors are asynchronous [[induction motor]]s like those of the HSR-350x, rather than [[synchronous motor]]s as on the KTX-I.<ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout"/> Final drive [[Transmission (mechanics)|gearbox]]es were supplied by Voith.<ref name="voith"/> The power electronics in the converters use newly available [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]]s, supplied by American semiconductor manufacturer [[IXYS Corporation]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-electronics-manufacturing/5247601-1.html |title=IXYS' High Power IGBTs Achieves Milestone for Performance in Fast Passenger Train... |date=2007-08-21 |publisher=AllBusiness.com, [[Business Wire]] |access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> rather than the originally foreseen<ref name="JRTR_HSR350x"/> but unreliable [[Integrated gate-commutated thyristor|IGCT]]s of the HSR-350x.<ref name="KICTEP-2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.kicttep.re.kr/app/notice/down.jsp?_pid=techrnd&_idx=3694&fno=4309 |script-title=ko:최신 반도체소자를 이용한 고속철도 차량용 추진제어 기술개발 |language=ko |date=November 2008 |publisher=Korea Institute of Construction & Transportation Technology Evaluation and Planning (KICTEP) |access-date=2010-11-19 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Each traction converter consists of two parallel-switched four-quadrant converters, which function as [[rectifier]] modules by converting single-phase [[alternating current]] (AC) from one main transformer winding each to [[direct current]] (DC), a 2,800 V DC intermediate circuit, and one [[Inverter (electrical)|inverter]] module converting the DC supply to the three-phase AC supply for traction motors.<ref name="myktx-el">{{cite web|url=http://myktx.kr/?module=file&act=procFileDownload&file_srl=46315&sid=3505a379a4c087f8e963e9cfb0b2b512 |format=PPT |title=KTX-II 전기장치 일반 |language=ko |publisher=myktx.kr, Korail |access-date=2011-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140715/http://myktx.kr/?module=file&act=procFileDownload&file_srl=46315&sid=3505a379a4c087f8e963e9cfb0b2b512 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each converter supplies the motors on two axles of a bogie, providing for individual bogie control.<ref name="myktx-el"/> All auxiliary power is supplied by separate 1 MW auxiliary units, one per traction head, consisting of two pairs of parallel-switched IGBT-based converter modules acting as rectifiers between one main transformer winding and the 670 V DC [[head end power]].<ref name="myktx-el"/> The VVVF inverters for the motor and converter cooling fans and the air compressor, the constant voltage constant frequency (CVCF) inverters for the cab air-conditioning, the battery charge, the on-board AC supply<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/> and the oil pumps are connected to the head end power within the auxiliary unit.<ref name="myktx-el"/> The pantograph, supplied by Austrian company Melecs MWW, is a standard type certified for {{Convert|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} and also used on [[Deutsche Bahn]]'s [[ICE S]] experimental and test train, the [[Siemens Velaro]] high-speed train family, and the [[China Railways CRH2]].<ref name="panto">{{cite web |url=http://www.melecs.com/uploads/media/Stromabnehmer_SSS400__D_E.pdf |title=Pantograph SSS 400+ |publisher=Melecs MWW |access-date=2010-11-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714070402/http://www.melecs.com/uploads/media/Stromabnehmer_SSS400__D_E.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}</ref> The pantographs were eventually replaced with [[Faiveley Transport|Faiveley]] CX-NG, another standard high speed pantograph used in many railway systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=High Speed - Faiveley Transport Czech a.s. |url=https://www.ftczech.com/products/pantographs/high-speed/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.ftczech.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
The train can accelerate from {{Convert|0 to 300|km/h||1||abbr=on|}} in 316 seconds, in contrast to 365 seconds for the KTX-I.<ref name="5years"/> Design speed is {{Convert|330|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}},<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/> and revenue service speed is {{Convert|305|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sbs.co.kr/section_news/news_read.jsp?news_id=N1000709822 |title=(경제안테나) '3월 운행' 차세대 KTX-II 타보니 |language=ko |date=2010-02-12 |publisher=[[Seoul Broadcasting System]] |access-date=2010-02-23}}</ref> similar to the KTX-I.<ref name="5years"/> Braking distance from {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}} is {{Convert|3,300|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="Korail-FAQ"/><ref name="korail-sancheon-genA" /><ref name="korail-sancheon-genB" />
The third intermediate car offers elevated comfort First Class seating, the others Standard Class.<ref name="plans2010">{{cite web |url=http://dasan.kofst.or.kr/engineering/reference/session%203/04/DSEX_2010_10_22_HSR%20Presentation%20by%20Hyundai%20rotem.ppt |title=High Speed Trains |date=October 2010 |publisher=Rotem |access-date=2010-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141257/http://dasan.kofst.or.kr/engineering/reference/session%203/04/DSEX_2010_10_22_HSR%20Presentation%20by%20Hyundai%20rotem.ppt |archive-date=2011-07-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Swivelling seats, which can be rotated around at terminal stations so that they always face in the direction of travel, are installed in both classes, rather than only in First Class as on the KTX-I.<ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout"/> Compared to the KTX-I, seat distance was increased from {{Convert|930|to|980|mm|in|abbr=on|lk=on|2}} to provide more leg room.<ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout"/> The fourth passenger car houses a snack bar and family compartments with separated facing seats.<ref name="plans2010"/> Other passenger comfort features include wireless internet access and digital multimedia broadcasts,<ref name="Rotem-pdf"/> and business compartments with small tables.<ref name="rgi_preview"/> Like on the KTX-I, all passenger compartments are equipped with ceiling-mounted video displays, but {{Convert|19|inch|4=0|adj=on}} LCD screens are used instead of {{Convert|17|inch|4=0|adj=on}} ones.<ref name="5years"/> Unlike those of the KTX-I,<ref name="5years"/> the KTX-II passenger compartments were fitted with fire detectors.<ref name="kwz-intro"/> Toilet doors were automatised,<ref name="5years"/> and the toilet in the first passenger car is suited for disabled persons.<ref name="plans2010"/>
In addition to [[Automatic Train Control]] (ATC) for high-speed lines and traditional [[Automatic train stop]] (ATS) for conventional lines, the trains were among the first to be equipped with the new domestically developed ATP automatic train protection system.<ref name="irail_2009-12"/> The [[European Rail Traffic Management System|ERTMS]]-compatible system is meant as an improvement over ATS on conventional lines, and makes shorter braking distances possible by allowing braking from full speed to stop in one step.<ref name="irail_2009-12">{{cite journal |url=http://www.krri.re.kr/webzine/y2009/1_2/preface/20090320/1_17297.html |script-title=ko:고속철도차량 안전장치의 운영 실태 조사 |language=ko |date=January–February 2009 |journal=Korean Rail Technology |access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref>
Domestic added value was increased from 58% for the KTX-I to 87%.<ref name="hyundairotem-sanchronrollout">{{cite web |title=보도자료<nowiki>|</nowiki> 현대로템 |url=https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/ko/company/press/details.do?searchKeyword=&typeCd=&pageIndex=43&seq=715 |website=Hyundai Rotem |access-date=14 January 2025 |date=25 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114133453/https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/ko/company/press/details.do?searchKeyword=&typeCd=&pageIndex=43&seq=715 |archive-date=14 January 2025}}</ref> According to the Korea Railroad Research Institute, the purchase of KTX-II trains was calculated to save 840 billion won compared to a forecast spending of 7,500 billion won until 2020 if high-speed trains had been imported.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.krri.re.kr/krri_2008/news/news/20081222/1_16937.html |title=Roll-Out Ceremony for KTX-II Held |date=2008-12-22 |publisher=KRRI |access-date=2010-11-21}}</ref>
==Operation== Following testing, the KTX-II carried its first passengers in a preview run on February 11, 2010.<ref name="kwz-intro">{{cite web |url=http://webzine.korail.com/webzine/201003.pdf |title=RAIL 로 이 어 지 는 |language=ko |date=March 2010 |work=Korail Webzine |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-11-13 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="rgi_preview">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/ktx-ii-ready-to-enter-service.html |title=KTX-II ready to enter service |date=2010-02-11 |magazine=Railway Gazette International |access-date=2010-11-07 |archive-date=2020-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811182256/https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/ktx-ii-ready-to-enter-service.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> After a naming competition held in the next ten days, the KTX-II was officially renamed as KTX-Sancheon (KTX {{lang|ko|산천}}).<ref>{{cite web |title='KTX-산천'으로 불러주세요. |url=http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6052 |language=ko |date=2010-02-26 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722192131/http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6052 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> ''Sancheon'' comes from ''sancheoneo'' ({{lang|ko|산천어}}), the [[Korean language|Korean]] word for [[cherry salmon]] (''Oncorhynchus masou masou'').
Commercial KTX-Sancheon service started on March 2, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.korail.com/main/php/search_view.php?idx=14816 |title='KTX-산천' 오늘(2일) 첫 운행 |language=ko |publisher=Korail |date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713164720/http://news.korail.com/main/php/search_view.php?idx=14816 |archive-date=2011-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In contrast to the original plans, the first trains are used both in Honam and Gyeongbu KTX service.<ref name="kwz-intro"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.korail.com/2007/download/sta/1_korail_total_train_time_101101.xls |title=KTX Time Table 2010.11.01 |language=ko |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-10-31}}</ref> Korail started to operate its first pair of non-stop services on the Seoul–Busan relation on December 1, 2010,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/12/01/2010120101052.html |title=Non-stop Seoul-Busan Bullet Train Service Starts |date=2010-12-01 |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |access-date=2010-12-16}}</ref><ref name="Korail-1Dec2010">{{cite web|url=http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6419 |title=KTX 운행 조정 알림 |language=ko |date=2010-11-10 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-12-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722192629/http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6419 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> using KTX-Sancheon trains.<ref name="KTXTT-1Dec2010">{{cite web |url=http://info.korail.com/2007/download/sta/1_korail_total_train_time_101201.xls |title=KTX Time Table 2010.12.01 |language=ko |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-12-09}}</ref> Gyeongjeon KTX service to Masan started on December 15, 2010.<ref name="Korail-15Dec2010">{{cite web|url=http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6467 |title=경전선 서울~마산간 KTX 예약ㆍ예매 알림 |language=ko |date=2010-12-06 |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-12-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722192709/http://info.korail.com/ROOT/news/board_view.jsp?boardType=BODO&bbs=bbs20&seq=6467 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref><ref name="KTXTT-15Dec2010">{{cite web |url=http://info.korail.com/2007/download/sta/1_korail_total_train_time_101215.xls |title=KTX Time Table 2010.12.15 |language=ko |publisher=Korail |access-date=2010-12-09}}</ref>
Until December 2010, KTX-Sancheon trains broke down 15 times, with most incidents related to the signal device.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/15/2011021500140.html |title=KTX-산천 운행 1년간 최소 15건 차량장애 발생 |language=ko |date=2010-10-28 |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |access-date=2011-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216164617/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/15/2011021500140.html |archive-date=2011-02-16 }}</ref> Domestic observers expressed fear that the news of the breakdowns will negatively impact Rotem's chances in the competition to supply the Rio–São Paulo project or the [[United States of America|US]] state of [[California]]'s [[California High-Speed Rail|CHSR]] project, while Korail argued that the publication of start-up glitches is a result of its policy to make all information public, contrasting it with Chinese makers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/10/117_75377.html |title=Korail under fire for frequent KTX breakdowns |date=2010-10-28 |newspaper=[[The Korea Times]] |access-date=2010-10-30}}</ref>
On February 11, 2011, a KTX-Sancheon train<ref name="kt-derail"/> bound for Seoul from Busan derailed on a switch in a tunnel {{convert|500|m|ftin|abbr=on}} before [[Gwangmyeong Station]],<ref name="jd-nut">{{cite web |url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2932222 |title=One loose nut derailed KTX train |date=2011-02-15 |publisher=[[Joongang Ilbo]] |access-date=2011-02-17}}</ref> when travelling at around {{convert|90|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tci-gm-acc">{{cite news |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/12/2011021200133.html?Dep1=news&Dep2=headline1&Dep3=h1_06 |title=고속이었다면 KTX 참사 날 뻔 |date=2011-02-11 |newspaper=[[The Dong-a Ilbo]] |access-date=2011-02-11}}</ref> Only one passenger suffered slight injury.<ref name="kt-derail">{{cite news |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/02/113_81386.html |title=KTX causes safety concern |date=2011-02-14 |newspaper=The Korea Times |access-date=2011-02-17}}</ref> Preliminary investigation found no problems with the train,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/14/2011021400815.html |title=KTX Derailment Caused by Loose Nut |date=2011-02-14 |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |access-date=2011-02-18}}</ref> but indicated that the accident was caused by human errors by maintenance workers.<ref name="jd-nut"/> At the time, three cars of the train were reserved for the [[President of South Korea]], [[Lee Myung-bak]]'s, entourage, but he was not on board at the time of the accident.<ref name="jd-nut"/>
Class 120000 train sets are currently on loan to SR for SRT service between Suseo and Busan/Mokpo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20131205_0012567282&cid= |title='수서발 KTX' 코레일 계열사로 민영화 종지부 |language=ko |date=2013-12-05 |newspaper=[[Newsis]] |access-date=2021-02-22 }}</ref>
==Gallery== {{gallery |File:SRT_KTX-Sancheon,_Daejeon_Station_(20240405b)_(54219625467).jpg|Double-cross operation |File:SRT_KTX-Sancheon,_Daejeon_Station_(20240405c)_(54220767429).jpg|Double-cross operation (close-up) |File:Sancheon1st.JPG|First class interior (Car 3) of class 110000 |File:Sancheonexcellent.JPG|Standard class interior of class 110000 |File:Standard_Class_of_SRT_Class_120000_inside_20170910.jpg|Standard class interior (Cars 1-2, 5-8) of SRT class 130000 |File:Standard_Class_of_SRT_Class_120000_inside_car4_20170910.jpg|Standard class interior (Car 4) of SRT class 130000 }}
==See also== {{Commons category|KTX-Sancheon}} {{portal|South Korea|Trains|Transport}} * [[List of high speed trains]] * [[HEMU-430X]] * [[Rail transport in South Korea]] * [[Tilting Train Express]] * [[Mugunghwa-ho]] * [[SNCF TGV Thalys PBKA]] * [[SNCF TGV POS]]
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *[https://info.korail.com/info/contents.do?key=1504 About KTX-Sancheon] ([[Korail]]) {{in lang|ko}}
{{Korail passenger train services}} {{Korail rolling stock}} {{High-speed rail}}
[[Category:High-speed trains of South Korea]] [[Category:Korea Train Express]] [[Category:Hyundai Rotem high-speed trains]] [[Category:Electric multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]] [[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 2010]]