Kinesin-associated protein 3

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Kinesin-associated protein 3''' ('''KAP3''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KIFAP3'' gene.<ref name="pmid8900189">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shimizu K, Kawabe H, Minami S, Honda T, Takaishi K, Shirataki H, Takai Y | title = SMAP, an Smg GDS-associating protein having arm repeats and phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 271 | issue = 43 | pages = 27013–7 |date=Dec 1996 | pmid = 8900189 | doi =10.1074/jbc.271.43.27013 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KIFAP3 kinesin-associated protein 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=22920}}</ref> It is a non-motor, accessory subunit which co-oligomerizes with the motor subunits KIF3A and KIF3B or KIF3C, to form heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motor proteins. Kinesin-2 KAP subunits were initially characterized in echinoderms and mice.<ref name="pmid8636215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wedaman KP, Meyer DW, Rashid DJ, Cole DG, Scholey JM | title = Sequence and submolecular localization of the 115-kD accessory subunit of the heterotrimeric kinesin-II (KRP85/95) complex | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 132 | issue = 3 | pages = 371–80 |date=February 1996 | pmid = 8636215 | pmc = 2120715 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.132.3.371}}</ref><ref name="pmid8710890">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamazaki H, Nakata T, Okada Y, Hirokawa N | title = Cloning and characterization of KAP3: a novel kinesin superfamily-associated protein of KIF3A/3B | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 16 | pages = 8443–8 |date=August 1996 | pmid = 8710890 | pmc = 38690 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8443| bibcode = 1996PNAS...93.8443Y | doi-access = free }}</ref>

== Function ==

The small G protein GDP dissociation stimulator (smg GDS) is a regulator protein having two activities on a group of small G proteins including the Rho and Rap1 family members and Ki-Ras; one is to stimulate their GDP/GTP exchange reactions, and the other is to inhibit their interactions with membranes. The protein encoded by this gene contains 9 Armadillo repeats and interacts with the smg GDS protein through these repeats. This protein, which is highly concentrated around the endoplasmic reticulum, is phosphorylated by v-src, and this phosphorylation reduces the affinity of the protein for smg GDS. It is thought that this protein serves as a linker between human chromosome-associated polypeptide (HCAP) and KIF3A/B, a kinesin superfamily protein in the nucleus, and that it plays a role in the interaction of chromosomes with an ATPase motor protein.<ref name="entrez" /> It has also been proposed to act as a clamp, stabilizing the C-terminal half <ref name = "pmid = 31784087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmed Z, Mazumdar S, Ray K | title = Kinesin associated protein, DmKAP, binding harnesses the C-terminal ends of the Drosophila kinesin-2 stalk heterodimer | journal = Biochem Biophys Res Commun | volume = 522 | issue = 2 | pages = 506–511 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31784087 | pmc = 8407544 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.111}}</ref> of the otherwise unstable stalk coiled-coil.

== Interactions ==

KIFAP3 has been shown to interact with APC,<ref name="pmid11912492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jimbo T, Kawasaki Y, Koyama R, Sato R, Takada S, Haraguchi K, Akiyama T | title = Identification of a link between the tumour suppressor APC and the kinesin superfamily | journal = Nat. Cell Biol. | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 323–7 |date=April 2002 | pmid = 11912492 | doi = 10.1038/ncb779 | s2cid = 10745049 }}</ref> SMC3<ref name="pmid9506951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shimizu K, Shirataki H, Honda T, Minami S, Takai Y | title = Complex formation of SMAP/KAP3, a KIF3A/B ATPase motor-associated protein, with a human chromosome-associated polypeptide | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 12 | pages = 6591–4 |date=March 1998 | pmid = 9506951 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.12.6591| doi-access = free }}</ref> and RAP1GDS1.<ref name="pmid8900189" />

== References == {{reflist}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal | author=Nagata K |title=The MAP kinase kinase kinase MLK2 co-localizes with activated JNK along microtubules and associates with kinesin superfamily motor KIF3 |journal=EMBO J. |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 149–58 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9427749 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/17.1.149 | pmc=1170366 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Puls A | author3=Futter C | display-authors=3 | last4=Aspenstrom | first4=P | last5=Schaefer | first5=E | last6=Nakata | first6=T | last7=Hirokawa | first7=N | last8=Hall | first8=A }} *{{cite journal | author=Shimizu K |title=Complex formation of SMAP/KAP3, a KIF3A/B ATPase motor-associated protein, with a human chromosome-associated polypeptide |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 12 |pages= 6591–4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9506951 |doi=10.1074/jbc.273.12.6591 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Shirataki H | author3=Honda T | display-authors=3 | last4=Minami | first4=S | last5=Takai | first5=Y |doi-access=free}} *{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Ota T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Suzuki Y | author3=Nishikawa T | display-authors=3 | last4=Otsuki | first4=Tetsuji | last5=Sugiyama | first5=Tomoyasu | last6=Irie | first6=Ryotaro | last7=Wakamatsu | first7=Ai | last8=Hayashi | first8=Koji | last9=Sato | first9=Hiroyuki | doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }} *{{cite journal | author=Khanna H |title=RPGR-ORF15, which is mutated in retinitis pigmentosa, associates with SMC1, SMC3, and microtubule transport proteins |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 39 |pages= 33580–7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16043481 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M505827200 | pmc=1249479 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Hurd TW | author3=Lillo C | display-authors=3 | last4=Shu | first4=X | last5=Parapuram | first5=SK | last6=He | first6=S | last7=Akimoto | first7=M | last8=Wright | first8=AF | last9=Margolis | first9=B |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Rual JF |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Venkatesan K | author3=Hao T | display-authors=3 | last4=Hirozane-Kishikawa | first4=Tomoko | last5=Dricot | first5=Amélie | last6=Li | first6=Ning | last7=Berriz | first7=Gabriel F. | last8=Gibbons | first8=Francis D. | last9=Dreze | first9=Matija |bibcode=2005Natur.437.1173R |s2cid=4427026 }} *{{cite journal | author=Brown CL |title=Kinesin-2 is a motor for late endosomes and lysosomes |journal=Traffic |volume=6 |issue= 12 |pages= 1114–24 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16262723 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00347.x |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Maier KC | author3=Stauber T | display-authors=3 | last4=Ginkel | first4=Laura M. | last5=Wordeman | first5=Linda | last6=Vernos | first6=Isabelle | last7=Schroer | first7=Trina A. | doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Haraguchi K |title=Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 7 |pages= 4094–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16298999 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M507028200 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Hayashi T | author3=Jimbo T | display-authors=3 | last4=Yamamoto | first4=T | last5=Akiyama | first5=T |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Gregory SG |title=The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue= 7091 |pages= 315–21 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16710414 |doi= 10.1038/nature04727 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Barlow KF | author3=McLay KE | display-authors=3 | last4=Kaul | first4=R. | last5=Swarbreck | first5=D. | last6=Dunham | first6=A. | last7=Scott | first7=C. E. | last8=Howe | first8=K. L. | last9=Woodfine | first9=K. |bibcode=2006Natur.441..315G | doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Lim J |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801–14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Hao T | author3=Shaw C | display-authors=3 | last4=Patel | first4=Akash J. | last5=Szabó | first5=Gábor | last6=Rual | first6=Jean-François | last7=Fisk | first7=C. Joseph | last8=Li | first8=Ning | last9=Smolyar | first9=Alex |s2cid=13709685 | doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | author=Kuraguchi M |title=Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Is Required for Normal Development of Skin and Thymus |journal=PLOS Genet. |volume=2 |issue= 9 |pages= e146 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17002498 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020146 | pmc=1564426 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Wang XP | author3=Bronson RT | display-authors=3 | last4=Rothenberg | first4=Rebecca | last5=Ohene-Baah | first5=Nana Yaw | last6=Lund | first6=Jennifer J. | last7=Kucherlapati | first7=Melanie | last8=Maas | first8=Richard L. | last9=Kucherlapati | first9=Raju |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Stauber T, Simpson JC, Pepperkok R, Vernos I |title=A role for kinesin-2 in COPI-dependent recycling between the ER and the Golgi complex |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 22 |pages= 2245–51 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17113389 |doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.060 |s2cid=9739953 |doi-access=free }} {{refend}}

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Category:Armadillo-repeat-containing proteins