{{Short description|Mountain pass in Changping District, Beijing, China}} {{Multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=January 2025}} {{No footnotes|date=January 2025}} }} {{Infobox mountain pass | name = Juyong Guan | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|居庸关}}}} | other_name = Chuyungkwan | photo = Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg | photo_size = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Aerial view of modern Juyongguan Pass. | map = China | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_relief = | map_size = | label = | label_position = | elevation = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_ref = | traversed = {{jct|country=CHN|Ex|6}}, {{jct|country=CHN|G|110}} | location = Changping District Beijing China | range = | grid_ref_UK = | grid_ref_Ireland = | coordinates = {{Coord|40.2882|N|116.0686|E|type:landmark_region:CN-11|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | topo = | embedded = {{Infobox Chinese |order=st |s=居庸关 |t=居庸關 |psp=Chuyungkwan |p=Jūyōng guān |w=Chü<sup>1</sup>-yung<sup>1</sup> kuan<sup>1</sup> |mi={{IPAc-cmn|j|ü|1|.|yong|1|-|g|uan|1}} |j=Geoi1-jung4 gwaan1 |y=Gēui-yùhng gwāan |tl={{Zhwb|Ki-iông kuan|Ku-iông kuan}} |child=yes }} }}

'''Juyong Pass''' ({{zh|s=居庸关|p='''Jūyōng guān'''}}) is a mountain pass located in the Changping District of Beijing Municipality, over {{convert|50|km|mi|sp=us}} from central Beijing. The Great Wall of China passes through, and the Cloud Platform was built here in the year 1342.

==Mountain pass== ===Geography=== thumb|200px|left|View of the Great Wall at Juyongguan Juyong Pass is in the {{convert|18|km|mi|adj=on|sp=us}}-long Guangou Valley. During the Ming dynasty restoration and expansion of the Great Wall, it was one of the '''Three Inner Passes''' {{nowrap|(<small>t</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|内三關}}}},}} {{nowrap|<small>s</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|内三关}}}},}} ''Nèisānguān'') from Mongolia to Beijing, along with Daoma Pass<!--倒马关--> and Zijing Pass. The pass is also one of the three "Great Mountain Passes"{{clarify|date=April 2023}} in the Great Wall, along with Jiayuguan and Shanhaiguan.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Juyongguan Pass has two 'sub-passes,' one at the valley's south and the other at the north. The southern one is called "Nan (pass)" and the northern is called "Badaling".

===History=== The pass had many different names during former Chinese dynasties. However, the name "Juyongguan" was used by more than three dynasties. It was first used in the Qin dynasty when Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered the building of the Great Wall. Juyongguan pass was connected to the Great Wall in the Northern and Southern dynasties era.

The present pass route was built in the Ming dynasty and received much renovation later. It was a very important strategic place connecting the inner land and the area near the northern border of China. It was also used to defend the ancient city of Beijing.

==Cloud Platform== {{Main|Cloud Platform at Juyongguan}} thumb|250px|Cloud Platform at Juyongguan. ===History=== In the middle of the Juyongguan (pass) and Guangou Valley, there is the '''Cloud Platform''' gate, also known as the "Crossing Street Tower". It was built in 1342 during the Yuan dynasty, and is made of white marble with a height of {{convert|9.5|m|ft}}. There were originally three white pagodas atop the platform, giving it the name of "Crossing Street Tower". They were each destroyed in the transitional period between the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. In the early Ming dynasty, a Buddhist Tai'an Temple hall was built on the platform. It was destroyed in 1702 during the Qing dynasty.

===Platform=== The Yuan-era Cloud Platform remains. Around the top of the platform are elements such as stone balustrades and a watch post. They remain in the original Yuan style. On the platform are carvings of Buddhist figures and symbols, as well as Buddhist texts written in six languages and scripts: * Sanskrit in Lanydza script, Tibetan script, 'Phags-pa script, Old Uyghur script, Tangut script, and Chinese characters * Tibetan language in Tibetan script * Mongolian language in 'Phags-pa script * Old Uyghur language in Old Uyghur script * Tangut language in Tangut script * Chinese language in Chinese characters

===Portal=== thumb|250px|Relief carvings in Cloud Platform portal. In the middle of the platform's base, there is an arched portal – where people, carts, horsemen, and palanquins could pass through. Many images of people and animals were carved inside the arched gate tunnel and around the portal.

== See also == * Juyongguan railway station * Operation Chahar * Chinese architecture

== External links == {{Commons category|Juyongguan}} * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061031063029/http://www.kinabaloo.com/juyongguan_great_wall.html Great Wall at JuYongGuan — Photo Gallery]}}

{{Changping District}} {{Mountain passes of China}} {{Great Wall of China}} {{Authority control}}

Category:Great Wall of China Category:Mountain passes of China Category:Landforms of Beijing Category:Buildings and structures in Beijing Category:Tourist attractions in Beijing Category:Changping, Beijing