{{Short description|1926 airliner family}} {{More citations needed|date=April 2008}} <!--Do not convert this article using Ref Converter, as it doesn't work with the pre-formatted infobox. Any conversion must be done manually. --> <!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. --> {{Infobox aircraft |name = W 34 |image = Junkers W34 ExCC.jpg |caption = Canadian Airways CF-ARI |type = Transport |manufacturer = Junkers |designer =Hermann Pohlmann<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_who_p.htm |access-date=2016-06-22 |last=Zoeller |first=Horst |title=Junkers – Who is Who? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027072819/http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_who_p.htm |archive-date=October 27, 2009 }}</ref> |first_flight = |introduction = 1926 |retired = |status = |primary_user = |more_users = |produced = |number_built = |unit cost = |developed_from = Junkers W 33 |variants = |developed_into = Junkers Ju 46 }} The '''Junkers W 34''' was a German-built, single-engine, passenger and transport aircraft. Developed in the 1920s, it was taken into service in 1926. The passenger version could take a pilot and five passengers.
The aircraft was developed from the Junkers W 33, noted for being a record-breaking aircraft. Further development led to the Junkers Ju 46, a catapult-launched seaplane for naval use.
==Production and service== thumb|left|Junkers W 34 in 1929. with Willi Neuenhofen One Junkers W 34 be/b3e managed to break the then-current altitude record on 26 May 1929 when it reached {{convert|12,739|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}. That aircraft carried the markings D-1119 and it was equipped with a Bristol Jupiter VII engine. The airplane was flown by Willi Neuenhofen.
The Junkers W 34 was manufactured in many different versions. The total production numbers for the civil market were around 1,000, a further 2,024 '''hi'''s and '''hau'''s were built under license for the RLM and ''Luftwaffe''. The unit price was between RM 65,000 and 70,400.
On 31 January 1944 the ''Luftwaffe'' still had 618 W 34''hi'''s and 516 W 34'''hau'''s in service: the majority were used by flight schools; mainly as navigator{{Sfn | Sinnhuber | 2012 | p = 59}} and radio operator training (3 or 4 navigator or radio-operator trainees).
The Junkers K.43, nicknamed the "''Bush Bomber''", was used extensively during the Chaco War (1932–1935) fought between Bolivia and Paraguay. See external links.
The Colombian Air Force used the W 34 and K-43 in the Colombia-Peru War in 1932–3.<ref name="Leticia">{{cite journal |last1=von Rauch |first1=Georg |title=A South American Air War...The Leticia Conflict |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=December 1984 |issue=26 |pages=1–8 |issn=0143-5450}}</ref>
The Swedish Air Force operated three W 33/34 between 1933 and 1953 in the transport and air ambulance roles, initially with the military designation Trp 2 and Trp 2A, eventually changed to Tp 2 and Tp 2A. One of these is preserved today in civilian colors as SE-BYA.
In 1930 the Finnish Air Force bought a single W 34 (JU-122) for maritime operations and six K 43s (JU-123 – JU-128) for use as light bombers, during the Continuation war the planes were used as transports, evacuating wounded and supplying Long-Range Recon Patrols behind enemy lines. An additional five W 34s were bought in 1944 for radio navigation training (JU-131 – 135). After the war the Finnish Border Guard operated the remaining planes until 1950. thumb|Finnish K 43s in Kiestinki, May 1942
==Production== ;'''W 34 ''hi''''': Junkers (105 aircraft built), Henschel (430), ATG (94), Dornier Wismar (58), HFB (69) and Weser (221). ;'''W 34 ''hau''''': Henschel (329), Arado Brandenburg (205), ATG (105), Dornier Wismar (93), HFB (192) and MIAG Braunschweig (73).
==Variants== thumb|W 34 of Canadian Airways, floatplane version ;W 34 a: 331 kW Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter engine, speed: 190 km/h, wingspan: 17.75 m and length 11.10 m ;W 34 be: 375 kW Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter engine, speed: 230 km/h, wingspan: 17.75 m, length: 10.70 m ;W 34 be/b3e: 441 kW Bristol Jupiter VII engine and was used for attempts to try breaking the world altitude record ;W 34 ci: 405 kW Pratt & Whitney Hornet engine, speed: 245 km/h, equipped with cabin windows ;W 34 di: like the W 34 ci, the engine was license produced by BMW. ;W 34 f: 331 kW Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter engine, speed 190 km/h, wingspan 18.48 m, length 11.10 m, enclosed cockpit, ailerons were lengthened; the export version had a cargo door ;W 34 f: experimental aircraft with floats ;W 34 fa: passenger aircraft for export ;W 34 fä: export aircraft ;W 34 fo: export aircraft with a Pratt & Whitney R-1340 engine ;W 34 fy: Armstrong Siddeley Panther engine ;W 34 fao: 397 kW Siemens-Halske Sh 20 engine, only one was produced for tests with autopilot ;W 34 fei: 441 kW Siemens-Halske Sh 20U engine, only one was produced as a maritime test aircraft ;W 34 fg: Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar Major engine ;W 34 fue: Pratt & Whitney Hornet engine, later rebuilt as a maritime aircraft. ;W 34 fi: Pratt & Whitney or BMW built 405 kW Hornet; wingspan: 18.48 m, length 10.27 m, speed 260 km/h. The aircraft had an enclosed cockpit and low-pressure tires. ;W 34 gi: 405 kW BMW Hornet, only one machine was produced in 1933 for tests ;W 34 hi: 485 kW BMW 132A/E, the aircraft could take six passengers and was equipped with improved radio- and direction finders. This version was mostly used by Luftwaffe to train pilots and radio operators. ;W 34 hau: similar to ''hi'', but it had a 526 kW Bramo 322 H engine. The type was mostly used by Luftwaffe to train its pilots and radio operators. ;K 43: Military W34, available in many of the above-mentioned versions.
==Operators== [[File:Junkers W34 CASM 2012 2.jpg|thumb|Junkers W 34 f/fi in Canada Aviation and Space Museum ]] thumb|Junkers W34h of the Colombian Air Force now on display thumb|Swedish Junkers W 34 SE-BYA was flown by the Swedish Air Force 1933–1953 as the Trp 2A and Tp 2A ambulance aircraft. Stockholm Arlanda March 1968.
;{{ARG}} *Argentine Air Force *Argentine Naval Aviation – 1 W34 purchased in 1934, used as trainer <ref name=histarmar>{{cite web |title=Historia y Arqueologia Marítima : AVIONES DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE LA AVIACION NAVAL " JUNKERS W-34 " |url=http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Armada%20Argentina/AviacionNaval/TR-JunkersW34.htm |website=histarmar |access-date=26 April 2019 |location=Buenos Aires |language=es}}</ref> ;{{AUS}} *Guinea Airways *Royal Australian Air Force ;{{BOL}} *Bolivian Air Force ;{{BRA}} *Syndicato Condor – Serviços Aéreos Condor ;{{BUL}} *Bulgarian Air Force ;{{flag|Canada|1921}} *Royal Canadian Air Force *Canadian Airways<ref name="Grant">{{cite journal |last1=Grant |first1=Robert S. |title=Metal Marvels: Junkers W33s and W34s in the Canadian Bush |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=March 2004 |issue=110 |pages=70–75 |location=Stamford Lincs, UK |issn=0143-5450}}</ref> ;{{CHL}} *Chilean Air Force ;{{CHN-ROC}} *Chinese Nationalist Air Force ;{{COL}} *Colombian Air Force *SCADTA(Avianca) ;{{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} *''Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske'' ;{{CZS}} *Czechoslovak Air Force ;{{FIN}} *Finnish Air Force *Finnish Border Guard ;{{flag|Germany|Nazi}} *''Luftwaffe'' ;{{NOR}} *Royal Norwegian Air Force ;{{PNG}} ;{{POR}} *Portuguese Army Aviation (''Aeronáutica Militar'') operated W 34L aircraft. *''Forças Aéreas da Armada'' operated K 43W aircraft. ;{{ROU}} *Royal Romanian Air Force operated 10 W 34 hi aircraft.<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated History of Romanian Aeronautics|author=Dan Antoniu|date=2014|page=230|isbn=978-973-0-17209-6}}</ref> ;{{flag|Slovakia|1939}} *Slovak Air Force (1939–1945) ;{{flagicon|Spain|1938}} Spanish State *Spanish Air Force ;{{SWE}} *Swedish Air Force ;{{flag|South Africa|1928}} *South African Airways operated 2 aircraft. *South African Air Force ;{{VEN}} *Venezuelan Air Force
==Accidents and incidents== * {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1934|05|03|df=y}}| event=a Syndicato Condor Junkers W-34, registration PP-CAR, crashed on landing at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two crew members died. The plane was repaired and later suffered a second accident in 1944.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131">{{cite book | first=Aldo | last=Pereira | title=Breve história da aviação comercial brasileira | place=Rio de Janeiro | publisher=Europa Empresa Gráfica e Editora | language=pt | year=1987 | page=131}}</ref> * {{Timeline-event|date=24 February 1941|event=a Junkers W-34 operated by the Luftwaffe crashed shortly after takeoff from Paris-Le Bourget Airport, France. The passenger, Vice Admiral Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, was killed; the three crew members were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris-Le Bourget {{!}} Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/city/paris-le-bourget?page=13 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=www.baaa-acro.com}}</ref>}} * {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1942|02|24|df=y}}| event=a Syndicato Condor Junkers W-34, registration P-BAOA/PP-CAO, crashed while attempting an emergency landing at Riachão, Maranhão. Two crew members died.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131"/> * {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1944|04|16|df=y}}| event=PP-CAR, the same Junkers W-34 involved in the 1934 accident, this time operating for Cruzeiro do Sul, crashed during an emergency landing at Rio de Janeiro Santos Dumont Airport. Two crew members died.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131"/>
==Specifications (W 34he landplane)== {{Aircraft specs |ref=Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt,<ref name=Nowarra>{{cite book |last=Nowarra |first=Heinz J. |title=Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt |year=1993 |publisher=Bernard & Graefe Verlag |location=Koblenz |isbn=978-3-7637-5467-0 |language=de |pages=53, 262–263}}</ref> Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945,<ref name="Kay">{{cite book |last1=Kay |first1=Anthony L. |title=Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945 |date=2004 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |location=London |isbn=0851779859 |pages=190–197 |edition=1st}}</ref> German aircraft of the Second World War,<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=J.R. |last2=Kay |first2=Anthony L. |title=German aircraft of the Second World War |date=1990 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0851778364 |edition=7th impression |pages=185–186}}</ref> German Combat Aircraft<ref name=WagNow>{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=Ray |last2=Nowarra |first2=Heinz J. |title=German Combat Aircraft |date=1971 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York }}</ref> |prime units?=met <!-- General characteristics --> |crew=2 |capacity=6 passengers |length m=10.27 |span m=18.48 |height m=3.53 |wing area sqm=44 |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil= |empty weight kg=1700 |gross weight kg=3200 |max takeoff weight kg= |fuel capacity={{cvt|477|L|USgal impgal}} |more general= <!-- Powerplant --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=BMW 132A |eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine |eng1 hp=650 |eng1 note=(660 PS)
|prop blade number=2 |prop name=metal fixed-pitch propeller |prop dia m=3.1 |prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia note= <!-- Performance --> |max speed kmh=265 |max speed note=at sea level |cruise speed kmh=233 |cruise speed note=<br/> *'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|116|km/h|mph kn}} |stall speed kmh= |never exceed speed kmh= |minimum control speed kmh= |range km=900 |combat range km= |ferry range km= |endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |ceiling m=6300 |g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |climb rate ms=5.25 |time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 3 minute 12 seconds |wing loading kg/m2= |fuel consumption kg/km= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=
|more performance= <!-- Armament --> |armament= * 2 x {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} machine guns (dorsal) and 1 x {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} machine gun (ventral) * 6 x {{cvt|50|kg}} bombs (300 Kg total)
|avionics= }}
==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== * {{cite book |last = Munson |first = Kenneth |title = German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour |location = Poole, Dorset, UK |publisher = Blandford Press |year = 1978 |isbn = 0-7137-0860-3}}
==Further reading== * Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 2–7. {{ISSN|0143-5450}} *{{Cite book |last1=Cicalesi |first1=Juan Carlos |last2=Rivas |first2=Santiago |title=Junkers F13 / W34 / K43 / Ju52 |year=2009 |editor-first=Jorge Felix |editor-last=Núñez Padin |publisher=Fuerzas Aeronavales |series=Serie en Argentina |volume=3 |language=es |isbn=978-987-20557-7-6 |location=Bahía Blanca, Argentina |url=http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015924/http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last = Sinnhuber |first = Karl |title = Salzburg To Stalingrad |location = UK |publisher = Milton Keynes |year = 2012 |isbn = 978-1-471-70222-8}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Junkers W 34}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105448/http://www.brushfirewars.org/aircraft/junkers_w34_bolivian/junkers_k43_bolivian.htm History of Bolivian Junkers K.43's use during fighting over the Gran Chaco area.] * [http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/LRG/juw34.html Warbirds Resource Group-Luftwaffe Resource Center – Junkers Ju W34] * [http://www.hugojunkers.bplaced.net/junkers-w33-w34.html The Hugo Junkers Homepage by Horst Zoeller - Junkers W33/W34] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=vuQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA626 "Flyers Of The Sea", October 1931, Popular Mechanics]
{{Junkers aircraft}} {{RLM aircraft designations}} {{Swedish military aircraft designations}} {{ADF aircraft designations}} {{Czech transport aircraft}} {{Spanish liaison aircraft}} {{Authority control}}
Category:1920s German military transport aircraft W34 Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926 Category:Junkers W33