{{Short description|Order of millipedes}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Julida | image = Tachypodoiulus niger 1.jpg | image_caption = ''Tachypodoiulus niger'' (Julidae) | authority = Brandt, 1833 | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = *Blaniuloidea *Juloidea *Nemasomatoidea *Paeromopodoidea *Parajuloidea |synonyms=Zygocheta <small>Cook, 1895</small><br> Symphyognatha <small>Verhoeff, 1910</small> }} thumb|Unidentified Parajulidae. '''Julida''' is an order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from {{convert|10|-|120|mm}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|access-date=25 October 2013|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130080602/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures.<ref name="Blower 1985">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Blower|title=Millipedes: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species|series=Synopses of the British Fauna |publisher=Linnean Society of London|year=1985|isbn=978-90-04-07698-3}}</ref> Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified into gonopods.<ref name="Shelley 1999">{{cite journal|last=Shelley|first=Rowland M.|title=Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna|journal=The Kansas School Naturalist|year=1999|volume=45|issue=3|pages=1–16|url=http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/|access-date=2014-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112025334/http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/|archive-date=2016-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Distribution== Julida contains predominantly temperate species ranging from North America to Panama, Europe, Asia north of the Himalayas, Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographic distribution of Millipede Families|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|access-date=25 October 2013|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130085051/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Classification== The order Julida contains approximately 750 species, divided into the following superfamilies and families:<ref>{{cite book |author=William Shear |chapter=Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 |editor=Z.-Q. Zhang |title=Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=159–164 |series=''Zootaxa'' 3148 |chapter-url=https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p164.pdf|isbn=978-1-86977-850-7|publisher=Magnolia Press|date=23 December 2011|access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=21em}} ;Blaniuloidea <small>C. L. Koch, 1847</small> *Blaniulidae <small>C. L. Koch, 1847</small> *Galliobatidae <small>Brolemann, 1921</small> *Okeanobatidae <small>Verhoeff, 1942</small> *Zosteractinidae <small>Loomis, 1943</small> ;Juloidea <small>Leach, 1814</small> *Julidae <small>Leach, 1814</small> *Rhopaloiulidae <small>Attems, 1926</small> *Trichoblaniulidae <small>Verhoeff, 1911</small> *Trichonemasomatidae <small>Enghoff, 1991</small> ;Nemasomatoidea <small>Bollman, 1893</small> *Chelojulidae <small>Enghoff, 1991</small> *Nemasomatidae <small>Bollman, 1893</small> *Pseudonemasomatidae <small>Enghoff, 1991</small> *Telsonemasomatidae <small>Enghoff, 1991</small> ;Paeromopodoidea <small>Cook, 1895</small> *Aprosphylosomatidae <small>Hoffman, 1961</small> *Paeromopodidae <small>Cook, 1895</small> ;Parajuloidea <small>Bollman, 1893</small> *Mongoliulidae <small>Pocock, 1903</small> *Parajulidae <small>Bollman, 1893</small> {{div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}} Ilic, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions:. [online] Web of Science. Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=6AJXsNVdjIGRrwQybhF&page=1&doc=4 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2019].
==External links== {{Portal|Arthropods}} *{{commons category-inline}} *{{Wikispecies-inline}} *{{EOL}}
{{Millipedes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2663101}}
Category:Julida Category:Millipede orders
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