{{Short description|German Cardinal (1901–1960)}}
{{Infobox Christian leader | type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] | name = Joseph Wendel | honorific-suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | image = Joseph Wendel crop.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Joseph Wendel at the final rally of the 77th Deutscher Katholikentag (German Catholic Day) in Cologne, 1956. | church = | archdiocese = Munich and Freising<!--Munich is the English version, so use 'and'--> | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = Munich and Freising | elected = | appointed = 9 August 1952 | term = | term_start = 7 November 1952 | quashed = | term_end = 31 December 1960 | predecessor = [[Michael von Faulhaber]] | opposed = | successor = [[Julius August Döpfner]] | other_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Santa Maria sopra Minerva|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Nuova]]|[[Military Ordinariate of Germany|Bishop of Military Ordinariate of Germany]]}} <!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = 30 October 1927 | ordained_by = [[Basilio Pompili]] | consecration = 29 June 1941 | consecrated_by = [[Ludwig Sebastian]] | cardinal = 12 January 1953 | rank = Cardinal-Priest <!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|05|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Blieskastel]], [[Circle of the Rhine|Palatinate]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[German Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|12|31|1901|05|27|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], [[West Germany]] | buried = | nationality = German | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer|Coadjutor Bishop of Speyer]] (1941–1943)|Titular Bishop of Lebessus (1941–1943)|Bishop of Speyer (1943–1952)}} | education = | alma_mater = | motto = veritati et caritati | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Joseph Wendel.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ----------> | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ----------> | other = }}{{Infobox cardinal styles | image = Coat of arms of Joseph Wendel.svg | image_size = 200px | cardinal name = Joseph Wendel | dipstyle = [[His Eminence]] | offstyle = [[Your Eminence]] | relstyle = [[Monsignor]] | see = [[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Munich and Freising]] | deathstyle = }} '''Joseph Wendel''' (27 May 1901 – 31 December 1960) was a German [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] who served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] from 1952 until his death, and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1953 by [[Pope Pius XII]].
==Biography== Joseph Wendel was born in [[Blieskastel]], and studied at the [[seminary]] in [[Speyer]], and the Pontifical German-Hungarian College and the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in [[Rome]]. From the Gregorian he obtained [[doctorate]]s in [[Doctor of Philosophy|philosophy]] and [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|theology]]. Wendel was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 30 October 1927, and then did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in Speyer, also serving as director of [[Caritas (charity)|Caritas]], until 1941.
On 4 April 1941 he was appointed [[Coadjutor bishop|Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Diocese of Speyer|Speyer]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Lebessus''. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 29 June from Bishop Ludwig Sebastian, with Bishops Matthias Ehrenfried and Joseph Kolb serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. Wendel succeeded Sebastian as [[Bishop of Speyer]] on 20 May 1943, being installed on 4 June that year. During [[World War II]], he strongly defended the rights of the Church and [[Human rights|humanity]].<ref>Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. [http://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/EMF075/EMF007448.asp Joseph Kardinal Wendel (1901–1960)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423111840/http://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/EMF075/EMF007448.asp |date=2007-04-23 }}</ref> Wendel became known as the "Bishop of Peace" following the war because of his efforts to restore [[West Germany]]'s good will<ref name="Milestones">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100211202315/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828746,00.html Milestones], ''Time'', January 13, 1961</ref>
[[Pope Pius XII]] named him [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] on 9 August 1952 (three Bishops of Speyer have become Archbishop of Munich and Freising, the others being [[Michael von Faulhaber]] and [[Friedrich Wetter]]), and created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of ''[[Santa Francesca Romana|S. Maria Nuova]]'' in the [[papal consistory|consistory]] of 12 January 1953. On 4 February 1956, Wendel became the [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]] of the Catholic [[Military Ordinariate of Germany]]. He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1958|cardinal electors]] in the [[Papal conclave, 1958|1958 papal conclave]], which selected [[Pope John XXIII]]. The German prelate also made gestures of [[Catholic Church and ecumenism|ecumenism]] to [[Protestantism|Protestants]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110201071914/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,864844,00.html Chasms & Bridges], ''Time'', August 24, 1959</ref> and organized the [[International Eucharistic Congress]] in [[Munich]] in 1960.
Shortly after delivering his New Year's Eve sermon, Wendel died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] in Munich, at age 59.<ref name="Milestones"/> He is buried in the [[Metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] [[cathedral]] of that city.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070423111840/http://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/EMF075/EMF007448.asp Archdiocese of Munich and Freising] - in German *[https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios-w.htm#Wendel Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church] *[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwendel.html Catholic-Hierarchy] {{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ludwig Sebastian]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Speyer]]|years=1943–1952}} {{s-aft|after=[[Isidor Emanuel]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael von Faulhaber]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]]|years=1952–1960}} {{s-aft|after=[[Julius Döpfner]]}} |- {{s-vac|last=[[Franz Josef Rarkowski]]<br /><small>(1945)</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Military Ordinariate of Germany|Military vicar of Germany (West)]]|years=1956–1960}} {{s-aft|after=[[Franz Hengsbach]]}} {{s-end}}
{{Cardinals created by Pius XII}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wendel, Joseph}} [[Category:1901 births]] [[Category:1960 deaths]] [[Category:People from Saarpfalz-Kreis]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII]] [[Category:20th-century German cardinals]] [[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Munich and Freising]] [[Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] [[Category:Burials at Munich Frauenkirche]] [[Category:German Roman Catholic archbishops]]