{{Short description|Hungarian-American physician and chemist (1819–1881)}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Joseph Goldmark | image = Josef Goldmark Litho.jpg<!--(as myimage.jpg, no 'File:')--> | image_size = | alt = | caption = Joseph Goldmark. Lithograph by Eduard Kaiser, 1848 | birth_name = Joseph Jacob Goldmark | birth_date = {{Birth date|1819|8|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = Németkeresztúr, Austrian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|4|18|1819|8|15|df=yes}} | death_place = Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | fields = Medicine, chemistry | workplaces = | alma_mater = University of Vienna | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = Anton Schrötter von Kristelli | known_for = Discovery of red phosphorus | awards = | spouse = {{Marriage|Regina Wehle|1856}} | children = Helen Goldmark<br>Pauline Goldmark<br>Alice Goldmark<br>Josephine Goldmark (1871–1950) }}
'''Joseph Jacob Goldmark''' (15 August 1819 – 18 April 1881) was a Hungarian American physician and chemist, credited with the discovery of red phosphorus.<ref>{{cite book |last=Koren |first=Nathan |year=1973 |title=Jewish Physicians: A Biographical Index |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |isbn=0706512693 |page=182 }}</ref>
==Life and career== {{moresources|section|date=November 2017}} Born in Németkeresztúr, Austrian Empire to a Jewish family of 18 children, Goldmark entered the University of Vienna at age 16, studying medicine.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Krause |first=O. |title=Obituary: Joseph Goldmark |journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc. |year=1882 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–9 |doi=10.1021/ja02154a601 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1428971 }}</ref>
He developed an interest in chemistry under the influence of Anton Schrötter von Kristelli. Both are credited with the discovery of red phosphorus, which Goldmark presented to the Convention of Hungarian Physicians and Naturalists.
A revolutionist in his youth, Goldmark took part as a leader in the Revolution of 1848, along with Adolf Fischhof, fighting for Jewish emancipation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Graetz |first=Michael |chapter=Adolf Fischhof – Ein jüdischer Akademiker an der Spitze der Revolution von 1848 |title=Zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik: Studien zur deutschen Universitätsgeschichte |editor-first=Armin |editor-last=Kohnle |editor2-first=Frank |editor2-last=Engehausen |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |year=2001 |isbn=3515075461|language=German |pages=296–308 }}</ref>
When the revolution was stamped down, Goldmark was sentenced to death but managed to escape to the United States and settle in New York City.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.ohio.edu/chastain/ip/jewemanc.htm |title=Jewish Emancipation |date=20 October 2004 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions |first=James |last=Chastain }}</ref> In America he married Regina Wehle, one of whose sisters, Bertha, married Elkan Naumburg in the same city.
While developing the Brooklyn factory of Goldmark and Conried, he continued to be active in politics during the rest of his life. He amassed a great deal of property to leave to his large family, which included daughters Helen (wife of Felix Adler), Pauline, and Alice (wife of Louis Brandeis),<ref>{{cite book |last=Urofsky |first=Melvin |title=Louis D. Brandeis: A Life |publisher=Random House |year=2009 |isbn=978-0307378583 |pages=105–106 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/brandeis-alice-goldmark|title=Biography of Alice Goldmark-Brandeis|accessdate=24 June 2013|last=Medoff|first=Rafael}}</ref> and Josephine.
Goldmark's brother Karl Goldmark was a composer and music teacher in Vienna.{{cn|date=November 2017}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldmark, Joseph}} Category:1819 births Category:1881 deaths Category:People from Oberpullendorf District Category:Scientists from the Austrian Empire Category:Medical doctors from the Austrian Empire Category:Emigrants from the Austrian Empire to the United States Category:Hungarian Jews Category:Members of the Imperial Diet (Austria) Category:Forty-Eighters Category:Hungarian chemists