{{Short description|Spanish novelist & essayist (1873–1967)}} {{family name hatnote|Martínez|Ruiz|lang=Spanish}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Azorín | image = Azorín, de Campúa, La Esfera, 25-04-1914 (cropped).jpg | caption = Azorín in 1914 | birth_name = José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz | birth_date = {{birth date|1873|06|08|df=y}} | birth_place = Monòver, Alicante, Kingdom of Spain | death_date = {{death date and age|1967|03|06|1873|06|08|df=y}} | death_place = Madrid, Spanish State | occupation = {{hlist|Novelist|essayist|literary critic}} | years_active = 1895–1967 | module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = Seat ''P'' of the Real Academia Española | term_start = 26 October 1924 | term_end = 6 March 1967 | predecessor = Juan Navarro-Reverter | successor = Guillermo Díaz-Plaja }} }}
'''José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz''' (8 June 1873 – 2 March 1967), better known by his pseudonym '''Azorín''' ({{IPA|es|aθoˈɾin}}), was a Spanish novelist, essayist and literary critic.
==Biography== José Martínez Ruiz was born in the village of Monòver, in the province of Alicante, on 8 June 1873.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Azorín|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Azorin|access-date=2025-05-28|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en-US}}</ref>
The creation of the Second Spanish Republic saw him re-adopt his old progressive political ideals. He abandoned the conservative ''ABC'' newspaper to write for the republican newspapers ''El Sol'', ''La Libertad'' and ''Ahora''. He edited ''Revista de Occidente'', founded by José Ortega y Gasset, a journal promoting European philosophy, from 1923 to 1936.<ref>{{cite book|title= Encyclopaedia of the Essay|editor1-last=Chevalier |editor1-first=Tracy |year=1997 |publisher= Taylor & Francis |location=London |isbn= 1884964303 |page=47 }}</ref>
When he returned to Spain after the Spanish Civil War, he found himself in "inner exile", along with other intellectuals who had not overtly supported the Franco regime during the conflict. He was at first denied a press identification card (''tarjeta de periodista''), but was supported by Ramón Serrano Suñer, at that time Franco's Interior Minister and president of the Falange. Accepting Franco’s regime was the price he had to pay in order to be admitted back, and he aligned with the dictatorship in a noted article in the right-wing journal ''Vértice''.<ref>{{cite book|title=In Pursuit of the Natural Sign: Azorín and the Poetics of Ekphrasis |last=Jurkevich |first=Gayana |year=1999 |publisher=Associated University Presses, Inc. |location=Cranbury, NJ |isbn= 0838754139 |page=162 |access-date=28 September 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mV6wNgmwT4C&q=azorin&pg=PA162}}</ref>
In his old age, Azorín became a film enthusiast, writing numerous articles, some of which are reprinted in ''El cine y el momento'', and claiming that "Cinema is the greatest form of art". He died in Madrid, Spain on 2 March 1967, at the age of 93.<ref name="Britannica"/>
==Honors== * 1917, Hijo Predilecto de Monòver. *1924, Elected to the Royal Spanish Academy * 1946, Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic * 1956, Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise. * 1969, His home in Monòver established as a museum, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080205203252/http://www.obrasocial.cam.es/casamuseoazorin/ ''Casa-Museo Azorín'']
== Publications == {{Main|List of works by José Martínez Ruiz}}
== See also ==
* List of essayists * List of Spanish writers * List of Spanish-language authors
* ==References== {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == *{{cite book|editor=Sáenz, Paz|title=Narratives from the Silver Age|translator-last1=Hughes |translator-first1=Victoria |translator-last2=Richmond |translator-first2=Carolyn |translator-link2=Carolyn Richmond|location=Madrid|publisher=Iberia |year=1988 |isbn=84-87093-04-3}} *{{cite web|title=Azorín|work=La Cultura del XIX al XX en España|url=http://modernismo98y14.com/|publisher=Fundación Zuloaga|access-date=28 September 2012|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117114308/http://modernismo98y14.com/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|title=Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz) Biographical data and intellectual evolution|url=https://lic.ned.univie.ac.at/en/node/25047|work=Literatur im Kontext|publisher=Universität Wien|access-date=29 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127125259/https://lic.ned.univie.ac.at/en/node/25047|archive-date=27 November 2012}}
== External links == * {{wikisource author-inline|José Martínez Ruiz}} * {{Gutenberg author |id=54288 | name=José Martínez Ruiz}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=José Martínez Ruiz |sopt=t}} * {{Internet Archive author |name=Azorín |sopt=w}}
{{RAE seat uppercase P}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez Ruiz, Jose}} Category:1873 births Category:1967 deaths Category:People from Vinalopó Mitjà
Category:Spanish male writers Category:Members of the Royal Spanish Academy Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Category:Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise Category:University of Salamanca alumni
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