Jongno District

{{Short description|District of Seoul, South Korea}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Jongno | native_name = {{nobold|종로구}} | native_name_lang = ko | official_name = {{lang|ko|{{nobold|종로구 · 鐘路區}}}} | settlement_type = Autonomous district | image_skyline = {{multiple image | caption_align = center | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | color = white | image1 = 경복궁 전경.jpg | caption1 = Gyeongbokgung, with Bugaksan in the background | image2 = Gwanghwamun Square 20220806 06.jpg | caption2 = Gwanghwamun Square }} | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_flag = Flag of Jongno, Seoul.svg | flag_alt = Flag of Jongno | image_seal = Jongno-Logo-New.gif | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto =  | image_map = Seoul Jongno-gu.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Jongno District in Seoul | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position =  | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption =   | coordinates = {{coord|37|35|58|N|126|58|29|E|region:KR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint =  | coordinates_footnotes =  | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = South Korea | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Sudogwon | subdivision_type2 = Special City | subdivision_name2 = Seoul | subdivision_type3 = Administrative dong | subdivision_name3 = 19 | established_title =  | established_date = | founder = | named_for =  | seat_type =  | seat =  | government_footnotes =  | leader_party = People Power | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Chung Moon-heon | total_type =  | unit_pref =  | area_magnitude =  | area_footnotes =  | area_total_km2 = 23.92 | area_total_sq_mi =  | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note =  | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = | elevation_ft =  | population_footnotes = | population_total = 138,879 | population_as_of = September 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jumin.mois.go.kr/|title=Population statistics |date=2024|website=Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym =  | population_note =  | timezone1 = Korea Standard Time | utc_offset1 = +9 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST =  | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 03000~03299 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 02-300,700 | website = [http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/ Jongno District official website] | footnotes = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-point = none | leader_title1 = MNA | leader_name1 = Choi Jae-hyung (People Power) | governing_body = Jongno-gu Council }}

[[file:Korea-Seoul-Bosingak-05.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Bosingak bell pavilion]]

'''Jongno District''' ({{Korean|hangul=종로구|rr=Jongno-gu}}) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.

==Etymology== In Korean, the name 'Jongno' means Bell Street.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome To Jongno|url=http://www.jongno.go.kr/English.do?menuId=6102&menuNo=6102|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> The Jongno District is named after the Jongno Road, which is a major trunk road running through the center of the district. The bell in question refers to Bosingak belfry, which sits at Jonggak intersection, on Jongno Road.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bosingak Belfry (보신각터)|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/ATR/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264135|website=VisitKorea.or.kr|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

==Description== [[File:서울특별시 전경 사진 사본 -1S6O5492.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Gwanghwamun Plaza]]

Jongno has been the center of the city for 600 years since it was where the Joseon dynasty established its capital. The district is commonly referred to as the face and heart of Korea because of its important roles in politics, economics, culture, and history as the capital city.<ref name="Jongno-gu site" /> The district is home to palaces in which the kings used to reside and work, such as Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and Unhyeongung. The South Korean president's former residence, the Blue House, is also located in the Jongno District.<ref name="Jongno-gu site">{{cite web|title=About Jongno-gu|url=http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/jongno/region.jsp|publisher=Jongno-gu Official website|access-date=23 April 2008|archive-date=5 August 2004|archive-url=https://archive.today/20040805131642/http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/jongno/region.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Jongno is a popular tourist destination with attractions that include the restored Cheonggyecheon stream, the traditional neighborhood of Insa-dong, the Confucian Jongmyo shrine, and Jogyesa, the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The district is also home to the Gwanghwamun Plaza which includes the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin and a statue of King Sejong.<ref>{{cite news|title=Popular plaza|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2908257|newspaper=Korea JoongAng Daily|date=3 August 2009|access-date=27 February 2013|archive-date=11 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411054524/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2908257|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The road less travelled, by cars|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2908222|newspaper=Korea JoongAng Daily|last=Hoh|first=Kui-Seek|date=3 August 2009|access-date=27 February 2013|archive-date=11 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411051613/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2908222|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gwanghwamun Plaza: Let's Try to Turn New Place Into National Symbol|url=https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2009/08/137_49478.html|newspaper=The Korea Times|date=2 August 2009|access-date=27 February 2013|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228213156/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2009/08/137_49478.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The district has a number of museums including Art Center Nabi and Gahoe Museum and is home to the main campuses of Sungkyunkwan University and Baewha Women's University.

==History== ===Hanyang=== thumb|upright=1|left|Donggwoldo, the landscape painting depicting the two royal palaces in Jongno.

Jongno was historically the center of Joseon and, later, the Korean Empire. It retained its prominence in the modern era after the establishment of South Korea. Hanyang, the capital of Joseon, included Jongno and the Jung District. In October 1394, King Taejo moved his capital from Gaegyeong to Hanyang.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ko:우리역사넷|url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/kh/view.do?category=english&levelId=kh_001_0050_0010_0010|website=contents.history.go.kr|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyeong, had a strong base of traditional forces against King Taejo. In addition, the topography divination theory states that the new dynasty was unlucky due to its failure, and that it also moved to Hanyang with regard to water transport of rice and military geographical conditions. Following the relocation of the capital city, the Joseon government pushed for the construction of Hanyang, starting with the construction of Jongmyo, Gyeongbokgung, and Changdeokgung. In 1395, it was renamed as Hanyang Department. In 1399, the first year of King Jeongjong's reign, the capital was moved to Gagyeong as a result of the Prince's rebellion. In 1405, the fifth year of King Taejong's reign, the capital was changed back to Hanyang. By King Sejong's time, the city grew into a large city with about 200,000 people.

==Economy== thumb|upright=1|left|Jongno business district

As the traditional heart of Seoul, Jongno's central location continues to attract both local and foreign businesses and remains an important business district. Notable companies based in Jongno include Kumho Asiana Group, Kyobo Life, Lotte Group, SK Group, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, Daewoo E&C, Daelim Group, and East Asia Daily. The district also features numerous major business centers and office buildings as well as diplomatic missions.

The head office of Air Seoul is in the Kumho Asiana Main Tower on Sinmunno 1-ga.<ref>[https://flyairseoul.com/CW/en/cabin.do Home]. Air Seoul. Retrieved on 1 November 2016. "Kumho Asiana Main Tower,76, SaemunanRo Jongro Gu Seoul" – [https://flyairseoul.com/CW/ko/main.do Korean address]: "(우)03185 서울특별시 종로구 새문안로 76 금호아시아나 본관"</ref>

==Culture and tourism== Tourism plays a major role in Jongno's economy. Several of the most well-known attractions are located in the district, as is Gwanghwamun Plaza which attracts huge numbers of tourists every year given its central location. In addition, the tourist areas of Insa-Dong and Bukchon Hanok Village also attract huge numbers of visitors. Another popular tourist destination is Gwangjang Market, previously called Dongdaemun Market. It is one of the oldest traditional markets in the country and is visited by approximately 65,000 each day.<ref name="Korea Times">{{cite web|title=Gwangjang Market: Seoul's quirky foodie paradise|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/02/203_130483.html|website=The Korea Times|author1=Yun Suh-young|date=14 February 2013|access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="koreafocus">{{cite web|title=Taste of Humanism in the 107-Year-Old Memories of Gwangjang Market|url=http://www.koreafocus.or.kr/design3/BookReview/view.asp?volume_id=126&content_id=104201&category=I|website=Korea Focus|publisher=The Hankyoreh|last1=Choi|first1=Won-hyeong|date=21 July 2012|access-date=22 April 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092807/http://www.koreafocus.or.kr/design3/BookReview/view.asp?volume_id=126&content_id=104201&category=I|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Politics and government== [[File:Central Government Building Seoul.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Central Government Complex main building.]]

Jongno is considered the most important district in South Korean politics as it is located in the heart of Seoul, and thus in the heart of South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome To Jongno|url=http://www.jongno.go.kr/English.do?menuId=6098&menuNo=6098|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=[Newsmaker] Jongno race bellwether of presidential election|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200209000207|website=The Korea Herald|date=9 February 2020|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> The district was the home to the Blue House ({{Transliteration|ko|Cheongwadae}}), the official residence of the president of South Korea, until 2022. It is also home to two of the three largest plazas in Seoul, the first being Gwanghwamun Plaza and the other being Cheonggye Plaza, making the district the first constituency to appear in the National Election Commission's election statistics and exit polls for every nationwide election. Because of the district's political significance, every political party carefully selects its own candidate to run in every election and even most minor parties nominate their candidates to run in the district while they choose not to nominate candidates for other constituencies in Seoul.

Jongno has elected three presidents to represent it in the National Assembly: Yun Posun, Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak. Although Jongno is a district, its residents are entitled to elect their own mayor and form their own district council, as 25 districts in Seoul——including Jongno——have city-equivalent status. The City of Seoul has province-equivalent status and its mayor is regarded as a cabinet-minister-level position. The mayorship is regarded as a higher position than all other provincial governors as these positions are regarded as deputy minister level positions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Seoul mayor Park Won-soon shakes up S Korean politics|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15672965|work=BBC News|date=15 November 2011|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

The district has been traditionally regarded as a conservative stronghold in Seoul as Seoul natives and wealthy people used to form a majority in terms of resident numbers in towns such as Pyeongchang, Samcheong-dong, Sajik-dong, Jongro 1, and Jongro 4. However, as Democrats began to gradually gain power in the Sudogwon region in the 2010s and eventually made the region their stronghold, the party also gained power in the district due to the votes of Sungkyunkwan University students in Hyehwa-dong and residents of relatively lower income in towns such as Changsin-dong and Sungin-dong.

As of June 2020, the district was regarded as Democratic stronghold, as are many other constituencies in Seoul.<ref>{{Cite web|title=(3rd LD) Ex-PM Lee wins against main rival Hwang in Seoul's Jongno|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200415005753315|website=Yonhap News Agency|date=16 April 2020|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> The district was represented by Lee Nak-yon, a Democrat, former Prime Minister and leader of his party, who resigned his office to run for the Korean presidency; the city government was led by Kim Yeong-jong, a Democrat three-term mayor who served from July 2010 to November 2021.

The conservative People Power Party made a comeback in the district when Choi Jae-hyung was elected as National Assembly member for Jongno in the March 2022 by-elections. In the subsequent local elections in June, Chung Moon-heon, a member of the same party, was elected mayor.

thumb|upright=1|left|Cheongwadae

The headquarters of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration is located in the Seoul Government Complex in Jongno District.<ref>"[http://www.mospa.go.kr/eng/sub/a02/location/screen.do Location]." ([https://archive.today/20140101121639/http://www.mospa.go.kr/eng/sub/a02/location/screen.do Archive]) Ministry of Security and Public Administration. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"</ref> The third and fourth floors of the same building house the Ministry of Unification.<ref>"[http://eng.unikorea.go.kr/index.do?menuCd=DOM_000000205005000000 Location & Contact Info]." ([https://archive.today/20140101124205/http://eng.unikorea.go.kr/index.do?menuCd=DOM_000000205005000000 Archive]) Ministry of Unification. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "Ministry of Unification Address: Government Complex – Seoul, 209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro). Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea"</ref>

The headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District.<ref>"[http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/ministry/location/index.jsp?menu=m_50_90 Location]." ([https://archive.today/20140101115351/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/ministry/location/index.jsp?menu=m_50_90 Archive]) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea). Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 60, Sajik-ro 8-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea (110–787)"</ref>

Previously, the Ministry of Education had its headquarters in the Central Government Complex in Jongno District.<ref>"[http://www.globe.gov/web/korea-south/contact-info Contact Info] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140101113036/http://www.globe.gov/web/korea-south/contact-info|date=2014-01-01}}." ([https://archive.today/20140101113036/http://www.globe.gov/web/korea-south/contact-info Archive]) The Globe Program. Retrieved on 1 January 2013. "Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development Central Government Complex, 77-6 Sejong-no, Jongno-gu Seoul, 110–760 South Korea"</ref> The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also had its headquarters in Jongno District.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120423114717/http://www.mcst.go.kr/english/aboutus/location.jsp Location]." ([https://archive.today/20120423114717/http://www.mcst.go.kr/english/aboutus/location.jsp Archive]) Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. 23 April 2012. Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Address: 215 Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110–360 Korea"</ref> The Ministry of Health and Welfare had its headquarters in the Hyundai Building.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130404140720/http://english.mw.go.kr/front_eng/sg/ssg0107mn.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=1001&MENU_ID=100107 Location]." ([https://archive.today/20130404140720/http://english.mw.go.kr/front_eng/sg/ssg0107mn.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=1001&MENU_ID=100107 Archive]) Ministry of Health and Welfare. Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Ministry of Health & Welfare Hyundai Building 6~12 F" and "Ministry of Health & Welfare (MW): 75 Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-793, call center 129"</ref> The offices of those ministries have moved to Sejong City. Before it merged into another ministry in 2008, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries was also located in Jongro-gu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home (Archive.org)|url=http://www.momaf.go.kr/|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201005905/http://www.momaf.go.kr/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was re-established in Sejong City.

==Diplomatic missions== Being at the center of the city, the district hosts the following foreign embassies.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:주한공관주소록|url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/www/pgm/m_4073/uss/cnsrshp/inKoEmblgbdAdres.do|publisher=외교부|date=|access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=13em}} * {{flag|Australia}} * {{flag|Austria}} * {{flag|Brazil}} * {{flag|Brunei}} * {{flag|Colombia}} * {{flag|Czech Republic}} * {{flag|Equador}} * {{flag|Finland}} * {{flag|Holy See}} * {{flag|Honduras}} * {{flag|Ireland}} * {{flag|Israel}} * {{flag|Japan}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Marshall Islands}} * {{flag|Mexico}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Panama}} * {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} * {{flag|Poland}} * {{flag|Portugal}} * {{flag|Switzerland}} * {{flag|United States}} * {{flag|Venezuela}} * {{flag|Vietnam}} {{div col end}}

==District Council== The District Council serves administrative functions such as Foreign Seal Registration, International Marriage, Adoption, Acknowledgement reports and Alien Registration Certificates for foreigners residing in Jongno District. In 2022, the current mayor is {{ill|Chung Moon Hun|ko|정문헌}}.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:종로구, 열린 청장실|url=https://www.jongno.go.kr/Mayor.do?menuId=110398&menuNo=110398|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>

==Subdivisions== thumb|upright=1|right|Administrative divisions

Those are some of the district administrative dongs ({{Korean|hangul=행정동|labels=no}}). For a complete list, see here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome To Jongno|url=http://www.jongno.go.kr/English.do?menuId=6103&menuNo=6103|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> {| width="600px" |- | {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} * Cheongun hyoja-dong (청운효자동 淸雲孝子洞) * Sajik-dong (사직동 社稷洞) * Samcheong-dong (삼청동 三淸洞) * Buam-dong (부암동 付岩洞) * Pyeongchang-dong (평창동 平倉洞) * Muak-dong (무악동 毋岳洞) * Gyonam-dong (교남동 橋南洞) * Gahoe-dong (가회동 嘉會洞) * Jongno-1.2.3.4 ga-dong (종로1.2.3.4가동 鍾路1.2.3.4街洞) {{Col-2}} * Jongno-5.6 ga-dong (종로5.6가동 鍾路5.6街洞) * Ihwa-dong (이화동 梨花洞) * Hyehwa-dong (혜화동 惠化洞) * Changsin 1-dong (창신1동 昌信洞) * Changsin 2-dong (창신2동 昌信洞) * Changsin 3-dong (창신3동 昌信洞) * Sungin 1-dong (숭인1동 崇仁洞) * Sungin 2-dong (숭인2동 崇仁洞) {{Col-end}} |}

==Attractions== {{Gallery | title = Attractions in Jongno District | align = center | footer = | style = | state = | height = 180 | width = | File: 서울특별시 전경 사진 사본 -서울2.jpg | alt1= Gwanghwamun, with Sejong Arts Center the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the center, and Gyeongbokgung and Bukhansan to the right. | Gwanghwamun, with Sejong Arts Center the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the center, and Gyeongbokgung and Bukhansan to the right. | File: 인경궁 터.jpg | alt2= View of the city from Inwangsan | View of the city from Inwangsan | File: 역사속으로.jpg | alt3= Gyeongbokgung at night. | Gyeongbokgung at night. | File: Bosingak, Seoul.jpg | alt4= Bosingak Belfry, located at Jonggak intersection. | Bosingak Belfry, located at Jonggak intersection. | File: Blue House, Seoul (cropped).jpg | alt5= Cheong Wa Dae the residence of the president of the Republic of Korea. |The Blue House, the former residence of the president}}

==Education== * Universities ** Catholic University of Korea, Songsin Campus (Private) ** Sangmyung University (Private) ** Sungkyunkwan University (Private) ** Seoul National University, Yeongeon Campus (Public)<ref>{{cite web|title=Seoul National University Yeongeon Campus|url=https://medicine.snu.ac.kr/en/bbm/bbs/selectBoardArticleView.do?nttId=629|publisher=Seoul National University College of Medicine|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> ** University of North Korean Studies (Private) * High schools ** Kyungbock High School (Public) ** Seoul Arts High School (Private) ** Seoul Science High School (Public) * International schools ** Lycée International Xavier (Private) : Available for both elementary and secondary education.<ref>"[http://www.xavier.sc.kr/wp/english/?page_id=4496 Contact]." Lycée International Xavier. Retrieved on 22 May 2014. "23, BIBONG-GIL (151, GUGI-DONG), JONGNO-GU, 110-804 SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA" – [http://xavier.sc.kr/wp/?page_id=4778 Address in Korean]: "서울특별시 종로구 비봉길 23 (구기동 151) (우)110-804"</ref> ** Seoul Global High School (Public)

==Sister cities== * {{flagicon|China}} From 1995, Dongcheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:국제교류현황, 지자체별 (둥청구)|url=https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/exchange/viewRegion.do?menuNo=200081&statusId=660&localGovId=110|publisher=Governors association of Korea|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Mongolia}} From 1996, Sükhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:국제교류현황, 지자체별 (수흐바타르구)|url=https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/exchange/viewRegion.do?menuNo=200081&statusId=123&localGovId=110|publisher=Governors association of Korea|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> * {{flagicon|US}} From 1999, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:국제교류현황, 지자체별 (랭카스터시)|url=https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/exchange/viewRegion.do?menuNo=200081&statusId=263&localGovId=110|publisher=Governors association of Korea|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Mexico}} From 2013, San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:국제교류현황, 지자체별 (산미겔데아옌데시)|url=https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/exchange/viewRegion.do?menuNo=200081&statusId=1768&localGovId=110|publisher=Governors association of Korea|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Czech}} From 2015, Prague 1 Municipal District, Czech Republic<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:국제교류현황, 지자체별 (프라하1자치구)|url=https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/exchange/viewRegion.do?menuNo=200081&statusId=2327&localGovId=110|publisher=Governors association of Korea|language=Korean|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>

==See also== {{Commons category|Jongno-gu, Seoul|Jongno-gu}} * Geography of South Korea * Subdivisions of South Korea

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://www.jongno.go.kr/englishMain.do District government website, in English]

Category:Jongno District Category:Districts of Seoul