{{Short description|American missionary}} {{Infobox person |name = Jonathan Smith Green |image = Jonathan Smith Green.jpg |image_size = 160px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1796|9|29}} |birth_place = Lebanon, Connecticut |death_date = {{death date and age|1878|1|5|1796|9|29}} |death_place = Makawao, Hawaii |spouse = {{plainlist| * Theodosia Arnold * Asenath Cargill Spring }} |children = 6 |parents = Beriah and Elizabeth Green |occupation = Missionary }} thumb|160px|Asenath Green, circa 1875. '''Jonathan Smith Green''' (September 29, 1796 – January 5, 1878) was a missionary from New England to the Kingdom of Hawaii.
==Life== Green was born December 20, 1796, in Lebanon, Connecticut, to Beriah and Elizabeth Green. Beriah Green (son of the previous) was his older brother. He graduated from Andover Seminary in September 1827 and, while waiting a specific charge, organized a Sunday school and stood for ordination in Brandon, Vermont.<ref>{{cite book |title=Abolition's Axe. Beriah Green, Oneida Institute, and the Black Freedom Struggle |first=Milton C. |last=Sernett |authorlink=Milton Sernett |location=Syracuse, New York |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0815623704 |page=12}}</ref> On September 20, 1827, he married Theodosia Arnold (1792–1859) of East Haddam, Connecticut. They traveled to Honolulu by March 30, 1828, on the ''Parthian'', as part of the third company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Other members of this company were Lorrin Andrews and Gerrit P. Judd.<ref name="portrait"/> He left his wife an exploratory took a trip to the Pacific Northwest coast of America in 1829 for the mission.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan S. Green |title=Journal of a tour on the north west coast of America in the year 1829: containing a description of Oregon, California and the north west coast, and the numbers, manners and customs of the native tribes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqLWQAAACAAJ |year=1915 |publisher=Charles Frederick Heartman}}</ref> The family was assigned to Lahaina, Hawaii, on the island of Maui until 1831, then Hilo for one year. In 1833 they moved to Wailuku, Hawaii, back on Maui, and built one of the first permanent houses there. In 1836 the Greens founded a girls' boarding school called the Wailuku Female Seminary.<ref>{{cite book |title= Circular of the Wailuku Female Seminary |author= J. S. Green |year= 1840 |isbn= 9780824823795 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dXCTq8YEw7IC&pg=PA271 }}</ref> Their house is now the Bailey House Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title= Old Bailey House nomination form |author= Dorothy Riconda and Robert M. Fox |work= National Register of Historic Places |date= September 18, 1972 |publisher= U.S. National Park Service |url= {{NRHP url|id=73000678}} |access-date= 2010-03-26 }}</ref>
He helped Lorrin Andrews translate the Bible into the Hawaiian language, and published the first book on the history of the Christian church in Hawaiian.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ka Mooolelo No Ka Ekalesia O Iesu Kristo: Ko kakou Haku e ola'i : mai ka wa o ko Iesu hanau ana mai a hiki loa mai i keia wa e noho nei kakou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr0AAAAAcAAJ |year=1835 |publisher= Lahainaluna School }}</ref> He resigned from the Congregational Church in 1842 along with Andrews because he thought it should take a tougher stand against slavery. He refused to wear cotton clothing, since it was generally picked with slave labor.<ref>{{cite web |title= The History of Poʻokela Church |author= Lois Farrington |work= church web site |url= http://pookelachurch.htohananet.com/_attachments/3654793/HISTORY%20OF%20POOKELA%20CHURCH.pdf |access-date= 2010-01-12 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110712230109/http://pookelachurch.htohananet.com/_attachments/3654793/HISTORY%20OF%20POOKELA%20CHURCH.pdf |archive-date= 2011-07-12 }}</ref>
[[File:Bailey House Maui.jpg|thumb|left|alt=old house|Bailey House Museum in Wailuku]] In 1843 he became an independent pastor and experimented with agriculture. He was an early member of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society, founding a local chapter and published reports of his progress growing wheat and other non-tropical crops at higher elevations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RgTAAAAYAAJ|title=The Transactions of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society|date=August 1850|publisher=Henry M. Whitney, Hawaii Government Press|volume=1|pages=98–101}}</ref> In 1844 he published a biography of an early convert who was known as "Blind Bartimeus", after the biblical character, born with the Hawaiian name Puaaiki.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan S. Green |title=Notices of the life, character, and labors of the late Bartimeus L. Puaaiki, of Wailuku, Maui, Sandwich Islands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRkNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3 |year=1844 |publisher=Press of the Mission Seminary}}</ref> At the suggestion of local chief Kiha, he founded the independent Po{{okina}}okela Church in Makawao on land donated by King Kamehameha III, conducting services in the Hawaiian language. The expression ''Po{{okina}}okela'' means "foremost".<ref>{{ Hawaiian Dictionaries |po'okela |accessdate= October 6, 2010 }}</ref> Po{{okina}}okela Church is located at 200 Olinda Road, {{Coord|20|50|59|N| 156|18|32|W| display=inline |type:landmark_region:US-HI| name= Po'okela Church }}.<ref>{{cite web |title= Po'okela Church |work= web site |publisher= Hawaii Conference United Church of Christ |url= http://www.hcucc.org/PookelaChurch/tabid/16682/Default.aspx |access-date= 2010-01-14 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20071021214626/http://www.hcucc.org/PookelaChurch/tabid/16682/Default.aspx |archive-date= 2007-10-21 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
His first wife Theodosia died in 1859 after having four children. He took a trip back to the mainland, and then married Asenath Cargill Spring (1820–1894) from Providence, Rhode Island, in 1863.<ref name="portrait">{{cite book |title=Portraits of American Protestant missionaries to Hawaii |author= Hawaiian Mission Children's Society |url= https://archive.org/details/portraitsofameri00hawarich |year=1901 |location=Honolulu |publisher=Hawaiian Gazette Company}}</ref>
Green had conducted services from about 1857 in English in his home. He founded a congregation called the "Pā{{okina}}ia foreign church" because English was the foreign language of the Kingdom of Hawaii at the time, and the location was closer to the sugarcane plantation near the coastal town of Pā{{okina}}ia. In April 1861 the church was commissioned by minister of the interior Prince Lot Kamehameha, who would later become King Kamehameha V. It was then called the Makawao Union Church.<ref name="focus">{{cite web|author= Ralph E. Whiting |url={{NRHP url|id=85003227}} |title=Makawao Union Church nomination form |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=National Park Service |date= April 30, 1985 |access-date=2010-01-12 }}</ref>
In 1870, Henry Perrine Baldwin his wife, Emily Alexander Baldwin, and their children joined the church. Henry served as organist for over forty years. Baldwin and his brother-in-law became wealthy co-founders of Alexander & Baldwin. On January 5, 1878, Green died; Asenath Green would maintain the church until she died in 1894, and then daughters Mary and Laura.<ref name="JRD">{{cite web |title= Green (Genealogical Query by JRD) |author= James R. Davis |url= http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~jrd/h_green.htm |work= web page on "Rootsweb" |access-date= October 6, 2010 }}</ref> The family is buried at the Makawao Union Church cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Makawao Cemetery, Makawao, Maui County, Hawaii |author=S. Viehweg |work=USGenWeb archives |date=October 2004 |url=http://files.usgwarchives.org/hi/maui/cemeteries/makawao.txt |access-date=October 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110113013/http://files.usgwarchives.org/hi/maui/cemeteries/makawao.txt |archive-date=November 10, 2011 }}</ref>
His son Joseph Porter Green was born October 30, 1833, served at the church, and was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1860.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASH016a/a193e1e0.dir/Green,%20J%20Porter.jpg |title=Green, J. Porter office record |work=state archives digital collections |publisher=state of Hawaii |access-date=2010-01-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306203021/http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASH016a/a193e1e0.dir/Green%2C%20J%20Porter.jpg |archive-date=2012-03-06 }}</ref> J. Porter green married Hariette Fowler Parker (1837–1912) on June 23, 1864, and their daughter Mary Theodosia Green (1865–1936), married Henry Harrison Wilcox (1868–1899) who was son of missionary Abner Wilcox (1808–1869) .<ref name="JRD"/><ref>{{cite news |title= Ended His Pain: Harassing Illness Drove Henry Wilcox Mad |date= January 17, 1899 |newspaper= The Hawaiian Gazette |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1899-01-17/ed-1/seq-3 |access-date= October 6, 2010}}</ref> J. Porter Green died June 26, 1886, in Honolulu.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Local & General News |newspaper= The Daily Bulletin |date= June 28, 1886 |url= http://kumupono.com/Kawaiahao%20Obituaries/TDB_062886_3-obit-Green-h.pdf |access-date= October 30, 2011 |archive-date= April 25, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425121644/http://kumupono.com/Kawaiahao%20Obituaries/TDB_062886_3-obit-Green-h.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{cite book |title= The Wailuku Female Seminary, 1836-1850: a partial history |author= Lynette Rose Mallery |year= 1983 |publisher= University of Hawaii }} * {{cite book |title= An archaeological and ethnohistorical investigation of the Wailuku Female Seminary: cultural contact and change |author= Jeanne Anne Pepalis |year= 2001 |publisher= Northern Illinois University }} {{Christianity in Hawaii}} {{Protestant missions to Pacific Islands}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Green, Jonathan Smith}} Category:1796 births Category:1878 deaths Category:People from Lebanon, Connecticut Category:American Congregationalist missionaries Category:Congregationalist missionaries in Hawaii Category:History of Maui Category:American expatriates in the Hawaiian Kingdom