{{short description|English painter (1741–1811)}} {{other people}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox artist | name = John Smart | image = John Smart from NPG.jpg | caption = {{Circa|1795–1800}} portrait | birth_date = {{birth date|1741|01|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Norfolk]], England | death_date = {{death date and age|1811|05|01|1741|01|20|df=y}} | death_place = [[London]], England | known_for = Painter of [[portrait miniature|portrait miniatures]] | training = | movement = | notable_works = | patrons = | awards = }}
'''John Smart''' (1 May 1741 – 1 May 1811) was<!-- CN one of the greatest --> an English painter who specialised in [[portrait miniatures]]. He was a contemporary of [[Richard Cosway]], [[George Engleheart]], William Wood and [[Richard Crosse (painter)|Richard Crosse]].
==Biography== Smart was born in [[Norfolk]], but not much is known of his early life. It is recorded that in 1755 he was runner up to [[Richard Cosway]] in a drawing competition for under-14s held by the [[Royal Society of Arts|Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce]]. In the same year he began attending the new drawing school of [[William Shipley]] in London, along with Cosway and [[Richard Crosse (painter)|Richard Crosse]].
He exhibited at the [[Society of Artists of Great Britain|Society of Artists]], in London, from 1762 onwards; and became its president in 1778. He went to [[India]] in 1788 and obtained a number of commissions in that country. He settled down in [[London]] in 1797, latterly in Fitzroy Street, and died there in 1811.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fitzroy Street Pages 44-46 Survey of London: Volume 21, the Parish of St Pancras Part 3: Tottenham Court Road and Neighbourhood. Originally published by London County Council, London, 1949. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol21/pt3/pp44-46 |website=British History Online |accessdate=4 August 2020}}</ref>
He was a man of simple habits and a member of the [[Glasite|Society of Sandemanians]].{{sfn|Williamson|1911}}
==Work== Smart mainly painted watercolour [[Portrait miniature|miniatures]] on [[ivory]], and often clearly signed and dated his work. A number of his preparatory drawings and sketches survive.
His work is entirely different from that of Cosway, quiet and grey in its colouring, with the flesh tints elaborated with much subtlety and modelled in exquisite fashion. He possessed a great knowledge of [[anatomy]], and his portraits are drawn with greater anatomical accuracy and possess more distinction than those of any miniature painter of his time.{{sfn|Williamson|1911}}
The most important collection of Smart's work was given by John W. and Martha Jane Phillips Starr to the [https://nelson-atkins.org/ Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art]. The Starr collection includes a signed and dated miniature for each year of Smart's career, from 1760 to 1811, enabling scholars to view the full progression of Smart's style and technique as well as the changing fashions of the period.
Many of his pencil drawings still exist in the possession of the descendants of a great friend of his only sister. Several of his miniatures are in [[Australia]] and belong to a cadet branch of the family.{{sfn|Williamson|1911}}
Smart taught portrait painting to [[Isabella Beetham]],<ref name="Hanes">{{ cite journal|url=https://www.antiquesjournal.com/pages09/monthlypages/june09/ladies.html |title=Shady Ladies: Female Silhouette Artists of the 18th Century |author=Joy Ruskin Hanes |journal=New England Antiques Journal |location=Palmer, Massachusetts |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704102910/http://www.antiquesjournal.com/pages09/monthlypages/june09/ladies.html |archivedate=July 4, 2009 }}</ref> who was one of Britain's finest silhouette artists in the 18th century.<ref name="Chilvers">{{cite book|author=Ian Chilvers|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYaRX58a0_IC&pg=PA653|date=10 June 2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-860476-1|pages=652–653}}</ref>
==Personal life== Smart married Edith Vere, and is believed to have had only one son, who died in [[Madras]] in 1809.{{sfn|Williamson|1911}}
==Gallery== <gallery> Image:John Smart - Portrait of the Hon Miss Eliza Booth - Dated 1766 - Victoria & Albert Museum.jpg|Portrait of Hon. Miss Eliza Booth, dated 1766. Victoria & Albert Museum Image:John Smart - Portrait of Unknown Man - Dated 1767 - Victoria & Albert Museum.jpg|Portrait of Unknown Man, dated 1767. Victoria & Albert Museum Image:John Smart - Portrait of Unknown Woman - Dated 1779 - Victoria & Albert Museum.jpg|Portrait of Unknown Woman, dated 1779. Victoria & Albert Museum Image:John Smart - Portrait of Unknown Woman - Dated 1780 - Victoria & Albert Museum.jpg|Portrait of Unknown Woman, dated 1780. Victoria & Albert Museum Image:Watercolor on ivory portrait miniature of a lady by John Smart, 1782, 5.1 x 4.1 cm, Cincinnati Art Museum.jpg|Watercolor on ivory [[portrait miniature]] of a lady, 1782, 5.1 x 4.1 cm, [[Cincinnati Art Museum]] Image:John Smart - Portrait of a Member of the Tayler Family - Dated 1787 - Victoria & Albert Museum.jpg|Portrait of a Member of the Tayler Family, dated 1787. Frame with bracelet fitting. Victoria & Albert Museum Image:Sir-robert-brooke-st-helena.jpg|Sir [[Robert Brooke (Virginia governor)|Robert Brooke]], probably {{Circa|1788}} </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}} *{{EB1911|wstitle=Smart, John|volume=25|page=250|first=George Charles|last=Williamson|author-link=G. C. Williamson}}
==Further reading== {{DNB poster|Smart, John}} {{commons category}} * GC Williamson, ''The History of Portrait Miniatures'', vol. ii. (London, 1904). *{{cite book | author=Foskett, Daphne |author-link=Daphne Foskett| title=Miniatures: Dictionary and Guide | location=London | publisher=Antique Collectors' Club | year=1987 | isbn=1-85149-063-9 }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smart, John}} [[Category:1741 births]] [[Category:1811 deaths]] [[Category:18th-century English painters]] [[Category:English male painters]] [[Category:19th-century English painters]] [[Category:English portrait miniaturists]] [[Category:Glasites]] [[Category:19th-century English male artists]] [[Category:18th-century English male artists]]