{{Short description|American judge}} {{About|the U.S. representative from Indiana from (1843–1849)|the U.S. representative from Indiana from (1855–1861)|John U. Pettit|the district attorney of Washington County, Pennsylvania|John Pettit (attorney)}} {{redirect|Senator Pettit}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = John Pettit |image = Senator John Pettit.jpg |signature = Signature of John Pettit (1807–1877).png |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = Indiana |term_start1 = January 18, 1853 |term_end1 = March 3, 1855 |predecessor1 = Charles W. Cathcart |successor1 = Graham N. Fitch |state2 = Indiana |district2 = 8th |term_start2 = March 4, 1843 |term_end2 = March 3, 1849 |predecessor2 = ''District created'' |successor2 = Joseph E. McDonald |order3 = 6th |office3 = United States Attorney for the District of Indiana |term_start3 = 1839 |term_end3 = 1841 |predecessor3 = Tilghman Howard |successor3 = Courtland Cushing |president3 = Martin Van Buren |office4 = Member of the Indiana House of Representatives |term4 = 1838-1839 |birth_date = {{birth date|1807|6|24}} |birth_place = Sackets Harbor, New York |death_date = {{death date and age|1877|1|17|1807|6|24}} |death_place = Lafayette, Indiana |party = Democratic }}
'''John Pettit''' (June 24, 1807{{spaced ndash}}January 17, 1877) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician. A United States representative and senator from Indiana, he also served in the court systems of Indiana and Kansas. Born in Sackets Harbor, New York, he completed preparatory studies and admitted to the bar in 1831. He moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he commenced practice in 1838; he was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives in 1838-1839 and was United States district attorney from 1839 to 1843.
Pettit was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843 - March 3, 1849); he was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1848. In 1850 he was a delegate to the Indiana state constitutional convention and a presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1852. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Whitcomb and served from January 18, 1853, to March 4, 1855; he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854.
During his tenure in Congress Pettit was known for annually objecting to the appointment of congressional chaplains on constitutional grounds, arguing that as Congress had no power to legislate in matters of religion, it could not pay for its preaching. Instead, he proposed that chaplains be hired and paid for by voluntary contributions from the members. His objections were routinely overridden.<ref name="NYDH">{{Cite news |date=1847-12-13 |title=Things in Washington |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/1847-12-13/ed-1/seq-1/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=New York Daily Tribine |pages=1}}</ref>
While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-third Congress). During the Senate debate on the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, Pettit argued in favor of expanding slavery to Kansas, and famously said that Jefferson's idea (in the United States Declaration of Independence) that "all men are created equal" was not a "self-evident truth" but instead "is nothing more to me than a self-evident lie."<ref>Codevilla, Angelo (2010-07-16) [https://spectator.org/39326_americas-ruling-class-and-perils-revolution/ America's Ruling Class], ''The American Spectator''</ref> The debate over Pettit's inflammatory words is credited{{By whom|date=July 2017}} with reviving Abraham Lincoln's interest in national politics. After his time in Congress, Pettit was chief justice of the United States courts in the Territory of Kansas from 1859 to 1861, and was a judge of the Indiana Supreme Court from 1870 to 1877. He died in Lafayette, Indiana, aged 69, and was interred in Greenbush Cemetery.
==References== <references/>
== External links == {{Wikiquote}} {{CongBio|P000277}} * {{Find a Grave|9186}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051018173728/http://www.sagehistory.net/antebellum/Lincoln1854.html Text of 1854 speech by Abraham Lincoln against the extension of slavery, quoting Pettit]
{{s-start}} {{s-par|us-hs}} {{US House succession box | state=Indiana | district=8 | before=New district | after=Joseph E. McDonald | years=March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849 }} {{s-par|us-sen}} {{U.S. Senator box |state=Indiana |class=3 |before=Charles W. Cathcart |after=Graham N. Fitch |alongside=Jesse D. Bright |years=1853–1855}} {{s-end}}
{{USSenIN}} {{IndianaUSRepresentatives}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pettit, John}} Category:Kansas Territory judges Category:Democratic Party United States representatives from Indiana Category:Justices of the Indiana Supreme Court Category:Democratic Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives Category:People from Sackets Harbor, New York Category:1807 births Category:1877 deaths Category:American proslavery activists Category:Union College (New York) alumni Category:Delegates to the 1851 Indiana constitutional convention Category:Democratic Party United States senators from Indiana Category:United States attorneys for the District of Indiana Category:19th-century Indiana state court judges Category:19th-century United States representatives Category:19th-century United States senators Category:19th-century members of the Indiana General Assembly