{{Short description|American prelate}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Bishop | honorific_prefix = His Excellency, The Right Reverend | name = John Patrick Carroll | title = Bishop of Helena | image = 1912 John P. Carroll - Mount Saint Charles Scholastic - Helena, Montana.jpg | caption = Bishop Carroll in the ''Mount Saint Charles Scholastic'' quarterly (1912) | church = Catholic Church | diocese = Diocese of Helena | appointed = September 12, 1904 | term_end = November 4, 1925 (his death) | predecessor = Jean-Baptiste Brondel | successor = George Joseph Finnigan <!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = July 7, 1889 | ordained_by = Édouard-Charles Fabre | consecration = December 21, 1904 | consecrated_by = John Joseph Keane <!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_date = {{Birth date|1864|02|22}} | birth_place = Dubuque, Iowa, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1925|11|04|1864|02|22}} | death_place = Fribourg, Switzerland | education = St. Joseph's College | motto = ''In sanctitate et iustitia''<br>(In holiness and justice) }} '''John Patrick Carroll''' (February 22, 1864 &ndash; November 4, 1925) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Helena in Montana from 1904 until his death in 1925.

==Biography== ===Early life=== Carroll was born on February 22, 1864, in Dubuque, Iowa, to Martin and Catherine (née O'Farrell) Carroll, both Irish natives.<ref name=sanders>{{cite book|last=Sanders|first=Helen Fitzgerald|date=1913|title=A History of Montana|volume=III|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEA4AQAAMAAJ|publisher=Lewis Publishing Company}}</ref> He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Raphael's Cathedral in Dubuque. Carroll then entered St. Joseph's College in Dubuque at age 13, graduating in 1883.<ref name=obituary>{{cite news|date=November 4, 1925|title=LOVED PRELATE TAKEN WHEN ON TRIP TO ROME|work=The Anaconda Standard}}</ref> He studied for the priesthood at the Grand Seminary of Montreal in Montreal, Quebec, where he earned his Doctor of Divinity degree.<ref name=sanders/>

===Priesthood=== While in Montreal, Carroll was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Dubuque on July 7, 1889, by Archbishop Édouard-Charles Fabre.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|title=Bishop John Patrick Carroll|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcarrjp.html|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org}}</ref> Upon his return to Dubuque, he performed his first mass at St. Raphael's Cathedral on July 11, 1889.<ref name=obituary/> He was appointed to the faculty of his alma mater, St. Joseph's College, assuming the role of professor of philosophy on September 12, 1889.<ref name=sanders/> On September 12, 1894, Carroll was promoted to president of St. Joseph's, a position he held for the next decade.<ref name=sanders/>

===Bishop of Helena=== On September 12, 1904, Carroll was appointed the second bishop of Helena by Pope Pius X.<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his episcopal consecration on December 21, 1904, from Archbishop John Keane, with Bishops Richard Scannell and Charles O'Reilly serving as co-consecrators, at St. Raphael's Cathedral.<ref name=hierarchy/> He was installed on January 31, 1905.<ref name=installed>{{cite news|date=January 31, 1905|title=BISHOP CARROLL WARMLY GREETED|work=The Anaconda Standard}}</ref>

In 1904, the Diocese of Helena contained 53 priests, 65 churches, and nine parochial schools to serve 50,000 Catholics.<ref name=directory1>{{cite book|date=1904|title=Catholic Directory, Almanac and Clergy List|url=https://archive.org/details/catholicdirector1919unse|publisher=M.H. Wiltzius}}</ref> By the time of Carroll's death 21 years later, there were 104 priests, 101 churches, 24 parochial schools, and a Catholic population of 64,000.<ref name=directory2>{{cite book|date=1925|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1925unse|publisher=P.J. Kenedy}}</ref> During his tenure, he laid the cornerstone for the new Cathedral of Saint Helena in Helena, Montana in 1908 and established Mount St. Charles College in Helena in 1909.<ref name=diocese>{{cite web|title=1905-1925 Bishop Carroll|url=https://diocesehelena.org/about/previous-bishops/bishop-carroll-1905-1925/|work=Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1905-1925 Bishop Carroll {{!}} |url=https://diocesehelena.org/about/previous-bishops/bishop-carroll-1905-1925/ |access-date=2021-04-13 |language=en}}</ref>

Carroll was a vocal opponent of socialism, which he believed made "no allowance for the development of man's talents, intellectual gifts, his spirit of economy or his ability...Should this policy be pursued it would mean the ruin of a nation."<ref name=socialism>{{cite news|date=May 6, 1907|work=The Butte Daily Post|title=SOUNDS A WARNING ON SOCIALISM}}</ref> He also condemned alcohol as "the most prolific source of poverty and misery"<ref name=alcohol>{{cite news|date=May 21, 1916|work=The Butte Miner|title=BISHOP CARROLL DESCRIBES THE PRACTICAL SIDE OF PROHIBITION}}</ref> and successfully lobbied the Helena City Council to require bars to close by midnight.<ref name=bars>{{cite news|date=November 30, 1907|work=The Butte Daily Post|title=THEY FAVOR EARLY CLOSING}}</ref> The son of Irish immigrants, he supported the Irish Home Rule movement and served as national chaplain of the Ancient Order of Hibernians.<ref name=sanders/>

=== Death and legacy === While traveling for his ''ad limina'' visit to Rome, Carroll died from a cerebral hemorrhage on November 4, 1925, while in Fribourg, Switzerland.<ref name="obituary" /> His body was shipped back to the United States and buried at Resurrection Cemetery in Helena.<ref name="funeral">{{cite news|date=November 30, 1925|work=The Butter Miner|title=FUNERAL RITES FOR BISHOP CARROLL TO BE HELD WEDNESDAY}}</ref> Mount St. Charles College was renamed Carroll College in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carroll.edu/about/history|title=History|date=August 8, 2016|website=Carroll College}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

{{S-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box | before=Jean-Baptiste Brondel | title=Bishop of Helena| years=1904–1925 | after=George Joseph Finnigan }} {{S-end}}

{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena}} {{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, John Patrick}} Category:1864 births Category:1925 deaths Category:People from Dubuque, Iowa Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Helena Category:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States Category:Archdiocese of Dubuque Category:Religious leaders from Iowa Category:Catholics from Iowa