{{Short description|British architect and priest (1876–1956)}} {{for|the Canadian swimmer and modern pentathlete|John Hawes (pentathlete)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox religious biography | name = John Hawes | image = | alt = | caption = | religion = {{ublist|Church of England (previously)|Roman Catholicism (from 1911)}} | denomination = | church = | alma_mater = | nationality = British | home_town = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1876|09|07|df=y}} | birth_place = Richmond, Surrey, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1956|06|26|1876|09|07|df=y}} | death_place = Miami, Florida | spouse = | children = | parents = | title = Monsignor | period = 1903-1956 | post = | website = }} '''John Cyril Hawes ''' (7 September 1876 – 26 June 1956) was a British architect and priest. Hawes was known for designing and constructing church buildings in England, Western Australia and The Bahamas. He served as a priest in the Church of England before converting to Roman Catholicism and received ordination as a Catholic priest. He was later named a domestic prelate by Pope Pius XI and given the title "monsignor". After retiring he lived as a hermit in The Bahamas, becoming known more commonly as '''Father Jerome'''.
==Biography== thumb|White Tower, Bognor Regis; built as a holiday home for Hawes and his brothers<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1221489|desc=White Tower|grade=II}}</ref> Hawes was born in Richmond, Surrey, to Edward, a solicitor, and Amelia Hawes. He was educated in Brighton and at the King's School, Canterbury. After leaving school he began training as an architect in London in 1893 with architects Edmeston and Gabriel. He also received formal architectural education at the Architectural Association School as well as the Central School of Arts and Crafts.<ref name="adb">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |id2=hawes-john-cyril-6601 | title=Hawes, John Cyril (1876–1956) | accessdate=21 June 2012 | author=Evans, A.G.}}</ref>
In 1897 he began practising as an architect, designing houses at Bognor. After winning a design competition, Hawes was commissioned to build his first church, St Christopher's, Gunnerton, Northumberland, in 1899.<ref name="adb" />
After studying at Lincoln Theological College he was ordained as a Church of England priest in 1903. He was a curate at Our Most Holy Redeemer in Clerkenwell and, in 1906, joined the Anglican Benedictine community of Caldey Abbey where he developed a master plan to evoke the medieval abbeys of Cluny, Vézelay, or Durham.<ref>Peter Frederick Anson: ''Building up the waste places: the revival of monastic life on medieval lines in the post-Reformation Church of England'', 1973, p. 218.</ref> In 1909 Hawes was invited to join the Church of England mission in The Bahamas where many churches had been damaged by a hurricane. On Long Island he ministered to his native parishioners, repaired the churches, and, in 1910, he designed St Paul's Church in Clarence Town.<ref name="adb" />
In 1911 he left The Bahamas for the United States where he converted to Roman Catholicism. After leading a nomadic existence in Canada and the United States for several years, including working as a labourer and as a railway teamster, he began studying for the priesthood at Beda College in Rome. He was ordained a Catholic priest in Rome on 27 February 1915, after which he was sent to Geraldton, Western Australia, where he worked as a priest, architect and builder.<ref name="adb" /> In recognition of his work in church design and architecture he was named a monsignor by Pope Pius XI in 1937.
In May 1939, Hawes sailed from Fremantle, returning to The Bahamas, officially on a pilgrimage. He designed and built the Mount Alvernia Hermitage on Como Hill at Cat Island, which became his home. Along with this hermitage, he also designed five churches in the Bahamas as well as a second church at Clarence Town, St Peter's.<ref name="yachting">{{cite web | url=http://www.yachtingmagazine.com/article/Picnicking-with-Father-Jerome | title=Picnicking with Father Jerome | publisher=Bonnier Corporation | work=Yachting Magazine | date=18 March 2010 | accessdate=21 June 2012 | author=Swanson, Peter}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A53378-2005Feb25.html | title=One Cool Cat | newspaper=The Washington Post| date=27 February 2005 | accessdate=21 June 2012 | author=Hunt, Marvin}}</ref><ref name="lonelyplanet">{{cite book | title=Bahamas, Turks & Caicos | publisher=Lonely Planet | author=Baker, Christopher P. | year=2001 | page=366 | isbn=9781864501995}}</ref>
He died on 26 June 1956 in Miami, Florida, aged 79 and at his own request was buried in a cave located beneath the hermitage at Cat Island.<ref name="adb" /><ref name=geraldton1>{{cite web |url=http://www.geraldton.wa.gov.au/Extranet/LocalHistory/MonsignorHawes.asp |title=Monsignor Hawes - Architect/Priest |work=City of Geraldton |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820103847/http://geraldton.wa.gov.au/Extranet/LocalHistory/MonsignorHawes.asp |archivedate=20 August 2006}}</ref>
==Architectural works== [[File:The Hermitage, Cat Island, Bahamas.jpg|thumb|The Hermitage on Mount Alvernia, Cat Island, Bahamas]] {{Commons category|John Hawes}} Hawes's architectural work in the Mid West region of Western Australia was prolific. He was appointed Diocesan Architect and designed: * The Cathedral of St Francis Xavier, a Spanish Mission style cathedral in Geraldton. The completed building was officially opened in 1938<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/sfx-cathedral/ The Cathedral of St Francis Xavier]</ref> * Nazareth House in Geraldton<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/nazareth-house-geraldton/ Nazareth House] in Geraldton</ref> * The Cemetery Chapel of the Holy Spirit in Utakarra, Geraldton<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/saint-spirito-geraldton/ The Cemetery Chapel of the Holy Spirit] in Geraldton</ref> * The Hermitage in Geraldton<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/the-hermitage/ The Hermitage] in Geraldton</ref> * The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Mullewa<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/our-lady-of-mt-carmel-mullewa/ The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel] and adjoining [https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/priests-house-mullewa/ priest house] in Mullewa</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Western-Australia/Mullewa/2005/02/17/1108500208568.html |title=Mullewa |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=8 February 2004 }}</ref> * Churches for many agricultural towns in the region; including Morawa,<ref>{{cite web |title=Holy Cross - Morawa - Monsignor John Hawes |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/holy-cross-morawa/ |website=Monsignor John Hawes}}</ref> Perenjori,<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Josephs - Perenjori - Monsignor John Hawes |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/saint-josephs-perenjori/ |website=Monsignor John Hawes}}</ref> Yalgoo<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Hyacinth's - Yalgoo - Monsignor John Hawes |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/saint-hyacinths-yalgoo/ |website=Monsignor John Hawes}}</ref> and Northampton.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Mary's in Ara Coeli - Northampton - Monsignor John Hawes |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/saint-marys-in-ara-colei-northampton/ |website=Monsignor John Hawes}}</ref> * Two private residences, one being the homestead for Melangata Station north of Yalgoo;<ref>{{cite web |title=Melangata Station Homestead & Chapel - Yalgoo |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com/melangata-station-homestead-chapel-yalgoo/ |website=Monsignor John Hawes |language=en-AU}}</ref> the other the White Tower in Bognor Regis, UK, built as a holiday residence.<ref>{{cite web |title=White Tower - Bognor Regis - Monsignor John Hawes |url=https://www.monsignorhawes.com.au/white-tower-bognor-regis |website=Monsignor John Hawes}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Images of some of Hawes's buildings in the Mid West of Western Australia"> File:Geraldton Cathedral.jpg|Geraldton Cathedral File:Geraldton Catedral, nave.jpg|Geraldton Cathedral, nave File:The Church, front.jpg|The Church, Mullewa File:West front of the Church of Our Lady in Ara Coeli.jpg|The Church of Our Lady in Ara Coeli, Northampton File:Convent of St Hyacinth,Yalgoo, Mgr Hawes 1922 side view.jpg|Convent of St Hyacinth, Yalgoo, Mgr Hawes 1922 side view </gallery>
The Monsignor Hawes Heritage Trail<ref>[https://www.monsignorhawes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Heritage-Trail-Brochure-1.pdf Monsignor Hawes Heritage Trail]</ref> is a tourist route which visits many of these buildings, some of which he also built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geraldtondiocese.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:mons-hawes&catid=41:info&Itemid=7 |title=Monsignor Hawes' Heritage Project |work=Catholic Diocese of Geraldton }}</ref>
Hawes also designed the Anglican Church of St Christopher, in Gunnerton,<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1155349|desc=Church of St Christopher|grade=II}}</ref> a small village in the North Tyne valley, Northumberland.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pevsner: The Buildings of England-Northumberland |publisher=Penguin }}</ref> The building has been restored and now has a stained glass window by William Tillyer in the west end.
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== {{Library resources box |viaf=13233553}} * Evans, A. G. ''The conscious stone : a biography of John C. Hawes'' Melbourne : Polding Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-85884-376-5}} (pbk.) * Taylor, John ''Between devotion and design : the architecture of John Cyril Hawes 1876-1956'' Nedlands, W.A. : University of Western Australia Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-876268-16-6}} * Peter Anson ''The Hermit of Cat Island'' London: Burnes & Oates, 1958. * Marshall, Steve ''The Builder Priest: The Buildings of Monsignor John Hawes in Western Australia'' : via Blurb 2012. {{ISBN|978 0 646 58350 1}} (hbk) * Marshall, Steve ''Stone Upon Stone: The life and legacy of John Cyril Hawes''2019 {{ISBN|978 0 646 81141 3}}
==External links== * [http://www.marshallarts.com.au/books Marshall Arts] {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawes, John}} Category:1876 births Category:1956 deaths Category:20th-century English architects Category:20th-century English Roman Catholic priests Category:Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism Category:20th-century English Anglican priests Category:History of Western Australia Category:People from Richmond, London Category:Architects from Surrey Category:People educated at The King's School, Canterbury