{{Short description|Health care economist (born 1946)}} {{other people||John Goodman (disambiguation)}} {{Multiple issues| {{Autobiography|date=June 2025}} {{COI|date=June 2025}} }} {{infobox economist | name = John C. Goodman | image = John C. Goodman.jpg | caption=Goodman in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1946|5|22|df=y}} | birth_place = | institution = [http://www.goodmaninstitute.org/ Goodman Institute] | field = Economics | alma_mater = University of Texas Columbia University | influences = Milton Friedman, Robert Mundell | awards = Duncan Black Prize }}
'''John C. Goodman''' (born 22 May 1946) is an American health economist and president and CEO of the Goodman Institute for Public Policy Research. He is a senior fellow at the Independent Institute.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.org/person/john-c-goodman/ |title=John C. Goodman |publisher=Independent Institute |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'' and ''National Journal'' have called Goodman the "father of Health Savings Accounts."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Serafin|first=Marilyn Werber|date=7 February 2004|title=Health Care – Father of HSAs|journal=National Journal}}</ref>
He was the founding president and CEO of the National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA), a Dallas-based think tank that he led from 1983 until 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Landers|first=Jim|title=John Goodman ousted as head of National Center for Policy Analysis|url=http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2014/06/goodman-ousted-as-head-of-national-center-for-policy-analysis-2.html/|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=2014-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817114317/http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2014/06/goodman-ousted-as-head-of-national-center-for-policy-analysis-2.html/|archive-date=17 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The NCPA operated until 2017.
== Early life and edcation == Goodman was born on 22 May 1946 in Waco, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he was elected vice president of the student body. The following year he lost the race for student body president to Lloyd Doggett, who later served as a senior Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives.{{cn|date=March 2026}}
Goodman received a Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University in 1977. He has taught and conducted research at Columbia, Stanford University, Dartmouth College, Southern Methodist University, and the University of Dallas.{{cn|date=March 2026}}
== Academic work ==
=== Public choice theory ===
Goodman's doctoral dissertation, ''The Market for Coercion: A Neoclassical Theory of the State'' (1976), applied marginal analysis to political systems - a departure from the voting models associated with James Buchanan, Gordon Tullock, and George Stigler's regulatory capture theory. With colleague Philip K. Porter, Goodman published extensions of this framework to regulation, public goods, and welfare economics.<ref name="thecre1988">John C. Goodman and Philip K. Porter, "[http://www.thecre.com/oira/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Regulatory-Equilibrium.pdf A Theory of Competitive Regulatory Equilibrium]," ''Public Choice'', Vol. 59, No. 1, October 1988.</ref><ref name="springer1985">John C. Goodman and Philip K. Porter, "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00179738 Majority Voting and Pareto Optimality]," ''Public Choice'', Volume 26, Issue 2, January 1985.</ref> Their 1988 article on competitive regulatory equilibrium won the Duncan Black Prize, awarded by the Public Choice Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.org/person/john-c-goodman/ |title=John C. Goodman |publisher=Independent Institute |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref>
A central result of this research, sometimes called ''Goodman's theorem'', holds that optimal government policy is in principle unachievable in any political system, because differences in organization and information costs mean that opposing groups will almost never exert politically equivalent effort per dollar of benefit at stake.<ref name="springer1985"/>
=== Health economics ===
Goodman's research in health economics began with a study of the British National Health Service, applying public choice theory to explain its structural features.<ref>John C. Goodman, ''National Health Care in Great Britain: Lessons for the USA'' (Dallas: Fisher Institute, 1980).</ref> He subsequently examined the history of health care market regulation in the United States, arguing that the American Medical Association had systematically advocated for restrictions on medical practice, education, and insurance.<ref>John C. Goodman, ''Regulation of Medical Care: Is the Price Too High?'' (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1980).</ref>
His 1992 book ''Patient Power'', co-authored with Gerald Musgrave, argued that patients should be empowered as consumers in the health care marketplace and proposed the concept that later became Health Savings Accounts (HSAs).<ref>John C. Goodman and Gerald L. Musgrave, ''Patient Power: Solving America's Health Care Crisis'' (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1992).</ref> In a 1995 article in ''Health Affairs'', Goodman and Wharton School economist Mark Pauly argued for a universal refundable tax credit as the appropriate mechanism for subsidizing health insurance.<ref name="Mark V 1995">Mark V. Pauly and John C. Goodman, "Tax Credits for Health Insurance and Medical Savings Accounts," ''Health Affairs'', Spring 1995.</ref>
His 2012 book ''Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis'' argued that the health care system is a complex adaptive system that cannot be adequately modeled with standard supply-and-demand tools, and that perverse incentives affect patients, providers, and insurers alike.<ref>{{cite book|title=Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis|last=Goodman|first=John C.|publisher=Independent Institute|year=2012|isbn=978-1598130836}}</ref>
== Policy work ==
=== Health Savings Accounts ===
HSAs, which allow individuals to deposit pre-tax funds into accounts used to pay qualified medical expenses, were first proposed in ''Patient Power'' (1992). They were opposed by major health and business lobbying groups for over a decade before becoming available to most Americans in 2004 as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act.<ref>Devon Herrick, "A Brief History of Health Savings Accounts," National Center for Policy Analysis, Brief Analysis 791, December 9, 2013.</ref> Former Senator Phil Gramm has credited Goodman and businessman Pat Rooney as the two people most responsible for HSAs becoming law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goodmaninstitute.org/2015/05/18/washington-post-goodman-not-santorum-is-the-real-father-of-health-savings-accounts/ |title=Washington Post: Goodman is the Real Father of Health Savings Accounts |publisher=Goodman Institute |date=2015-05-18 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref>
=== Other policy contributions ===
Goodman helped develop a replacement plan for the Affordable Care Act with House Rules Committee Chairman Pete Sessions (R-TX) and Senator Bill Cassidy (R-LA), centered on a universal tax credit for health insurance and a flexible Roth-style HSA.<ref>Pete Sessions, Bill Cassidy, and John Goodman, "[https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20170118.058364/full/ How We Can Repeal the ACA and Still Insure the Uninsured]," ''Health Affairs Blog'', January 18, 2017.</ref>
With economist Peter Orszag, then at the Brookings Institution, Goodman co-authored a proposal that contributed to reforms allowing employers to automatically enroll employees in diversified 401(k) portfolios.<ref>John C. Goodman and Peter R. Orszag, "Retirement Savings Plans on Which the Left and the Right Can Agree," National Center for Policy Analysis Brief Analysis 495, December 1, 2004.</ref>
The tax credit approach to health insurance Goodman and Pauly outlined in ''Health Affairs''<ref name="Mark V 1995"/> became the core of John McCain's health care proposal in the 2008 presidential campaign.<ref>John C. Goodman, "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121737388416495023 McCain is the Real Radical on Health Reform]," ''Wall Street Journal'', July 30, 2008.</ref>
In 1989, NCPA research on taxation of the elderly contributed to the repeal of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, the first repeal of a major federal welfare program in more than a century.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
== Television ==
Goodman appeared approximately two dozen times on William F. Buckley Jr.'s PBS program ''Firing Line'' during the 1990s, serving as Buckley's debating partner on several prime-time two-hour debates covering topics including the flat tax, school vouchers, Social Security privatization, and Health Savings Accounts.{{cn|date=March 2026}}
==Publications== * ''The Regulation of Medical Care: Is the Price Too High?'' (Cato public policy research monograph) (1980) * ''National Health Care in Great Britain'' (1980) {{ISBN|0933028040}} * ''Social Security in the United Kingdom: Contracting Out of the System'' (AEI Studies, 335) (1981) {{ISBN|0844734608}} * ''Economics of Public Policy: The Micro View'', with Edwin G. Dolan (1985) * ''Privatization''. (1985) National Center for Policy Analysis. {{ISBN|978-0943802138}} * ''Fighting the War of Ideas in Latin America'', with Ramona Marotz-Baden (1990) {{ISBN|0943802431}} * ''Patient Power: Solving America's Health Care Crisis'' (1992) {{ISBN|0932790917}} with Gerald L. Musgrave. * ''Patient Power: The Free-Enterprise Alternative to Clinton's Health Plan'', with Gerald L. Musgrave (1993) {{ISBN|1882577108}} * ''Economics of Public Policy'', with Edwin G. Dolan (1995) {{ISBN|0314852387}} * '' Lives at Risk: Single-Payer National Health Insurance Around the World'', with Gerald L. Musgrave, Devon M. Herrick and Milton Friedman (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_ss_c_1_15?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=john+c.+goodman&sprefix=john+c.+goodman |title=John C. Goodman: Books |website=Amazon |date= |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref> {{ISBN|0742541525}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Goodman |first1=John C. |editor= David R. Henderson |editor-link= David R. Henderson |encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopedia of Economics |title=Health Insurance |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/HealthInsurance.html |year=2008 |edition= 2nd |publisher=Library of Economics and Liberty |location=Indianapolis |isbn=978-0865976658 |oclc=237794267|pages=241–245}} * ''Leaving Women Behind: Modern Families, Outdated Laws''. (2005) With Kimberley Strassel and Celeste Cogan. Rowman & Littlefield {{ISBN|9780742545465}} * ''Handbook on State Health Reform''. (2007) National Center for Policy Analysis {{ISBN|978-1568081731}} * {{cite book|title=Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis |last=Goodman |first=John C. |publisher=The Independent Institute |year=2012 |isbn=978-1598130836}} * ''Living with ObamaCare: A Consumer's Guide''. (2014) National Center for Policy Analysis. {{ISBN|978-1568082349}} * ''A Better Choice: Healthcare Solutions for America Independent Institute'' (2015) {{ISBN|1598132083}} * ''New Way to Care: Social Protections that Put Families First'' (2020) The Independent Institute {{ISBN|978-1598133172}} * ''Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis'' Second Edition The Independent Institute (2024) {{ISBN|978-1598133950}}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links== * {{C-SPAN}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goodman, John C.}} Category:Living people Category:American libertarians Category:American political writers Category:American male non-fiction writers Category:Health economists Category:1946 births