Johan Tehsil

{{Short description|Pakistani administrative area}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Johan Tehsil | other_name = | native_name = {{langx|brh|{{Naskh|جوہان تحصیل}}}} | settlement_type = Sub-Tehsil of Kalat District | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Balochistan Pakistan#Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|29|18|N|67|0|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Pak}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Balochistan | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Kalat District | subdivision_type3 = Headquarters | subdivision_name3 = Johan | area_total_km2 = 1,328 | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_m = 1000-3000 | elevation_ft = | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=Drought>{{cite journal |last1=Mirza |first1=Sarwat Naz |last2=Athar |first2=Mohammad |last3=Qayyum |first3=Manzar |title=Effect of Drought on Rangeland Productivity and Animal Performance in Dryland Region of Balochistan, Pakistan |journal=Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus |date=2009 |volume=74 |issue=2 |url=https://acs.agr.hr/acs/index.php/acs/article/download/8/7 |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> | population_total = 15,731 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_density_km2 = 11.85 | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_rural = 15,731 (100%) | population_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Table 1: Area, Population by Sex, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Urban Population, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate, Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_1_balochistan_districts.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Census |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=en |date=2023}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = Literacy | demographics1_title1 = Literacy rate | demographics1_info1 = {{bulleted list | Total:<br />(27.49%)| Male:<br />(36.65%) | Female:<br />(17.91%) }} | demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=literacy>{{cite web |title=Table 12 - Literacy Rate, Enrolment and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban, Census 2023. |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balochistan_district.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> | blank_name_sec1 = Number of Union Councils | blank_info_sec1 = .. | timezone = PST | utc_offset1 = +5 | area_code = | blank1_name_sec2 = Main languages | blank1_info_sec2 = 11,037 Brahui (70.2%), 4,653 Balochi (29.6%)<ref name=language>{{cite web |title=Table 11: Population by Mother Tongue, Gender, and Rural/Urban Residence (Census 2023) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_11_balochistan_districts.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Johan''',{{efn|{{langx|brh|{{Naskh|جوہان}}}}, {{langx|bal|{{Naskh|جوہان}}}}, {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|جوہان}}}}, {{IPA|ur|d͡ʒoːˈɦɑːn|pron|}}}} is a sub-tehsil (administrative subdivision) of Kalat District in central Balochistan, Pakistan. Spanning an area of approximately {{convert|1328|sqkm|sqmi}}, it is the smallest tehsil in the district by area. According to the 2023 national census, Johan is home to 15,731 residents, dispersed across 60 exclusively rural settlements.<ref name="census"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Balochistan Mouza Census 2020 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/agriculture/publications/mouza_census_2020/mouza_census_2020_balochistan_report.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 June 2025 |page=63 |date=2020}}</ref>

Situated at an elevation exceeding {{convert|1500|m|ft}}, the tehsil experiences a predominantly arid highland climate, characterised by limited and irregular precipitation as well as marked seasonal temperature variation.<ref name=Drought/>

== Geography == Johan lies approximately {{convert|33|km|mi}} east of Mangocher and the N-25 National Highway, encompassing roughly {{convert|1328|km2|ha}}.<ref name="census"/> It is bordered by Gazg Tehsil to the south, Kalat Tehsil to the west, Dasht Tehsil and Mach Tehsil to the north, and Dhadar Tehsil and Sanni Tehsil (both in Kachhi District) to the east.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brinkhoff |first1=Thomas |title=Johan: Sub-Tehsil in Balochistan |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/balochistan/admin/kalat/20903__johan/ |website=citypopulation.de |publisher=City Population |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=en |date=26 August 2024}}</ref>

The landscape is predominantly mountainous, with elevations ranging from {{convert|1000|m|ft}} to over {{convert|3000|m|ft}}. It features arid terrain punctuated by seasonal watercourses and xerophytic vegetation, such as Artemisia-Haloxylon shrub steppe, drought-resistant trees, and ephemeral flora adapted to dry conditions.<ref name=Drought/>

== Climate == As part of highland Balochistan, Johan has an arid to semi arid climate, marked by low erratic rainfall. Kalat District is among the coldest regions in Pakistan, with summer peak temperatures averaging around {{convert|24|C|F}} in July.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Economy Profile Kalat |url=https://smeda.org/phocadownload/Balochistan/District_Profiles/District%20Profile%20Kalat%202021.pdf |website=smeda.org |publisher=Small & Medium Enterprise Development Authority Government of Pakistan |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> Droughts occur frequently, typically every three to four years.<ref name=Drought/>

Climatically, the region falls within a semi-arid continental Mediterranean zone. Annual rainfall varies between {{convert|200|mm|in}} and {{convert|400|mm|in}}, with winter precipitation generally more significant than summer rainfall.<ref name=H2O>{{cite journal |last1=Kanwal |first1=Kalsoom |last2=Achakzai |first2=G. D. |title=Limnological Variation and its Effect on Fresh Water Bodies of District Kalat (Karchamp Dam Mangochar) Balochistan, Pakistan |journal=Pakistan's Multi Disciplinary Journal for Arts & Science |date=July 2021 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=28–35 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362125785 |access-date=14 June 2025 |issn=2789-2611}}</ref> Snowfall is common in winter, with temperatures often dropping below {{convert|-15|C|F}}.<ref name=H2O/> One of the most severe droughts occurred in 2009, when annual rainfall declined to as low as {{convert|60|mm|in}}, persisting over five consecutive years.<ref name=Drought/>

== Population == {{Historical populations|1972|...|1981|21,850|1998|12,299|2017|10,708|2023|15,731|align=left|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table 4: Area and Population of Administrative Units by Rural/Urban: 1951–1998 Censuses |url=https://repository.lahoreschool.edu.pk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/13673/Administrative%20Units.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |website=Lahore School of Economics |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref>}} Johan's population of 15,731 people is spread across 2,486 households.<ref>{{cite web |title=Table 24: Housing Characteristics, Facilities of Toilet and Washroom Used by Households, Rural/Urban: Census 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_24_balochistan_districts.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=en |date=2023}}</ref> The overall literacy rate stands at 27.49% with notable gender gap: 36.65% among men and just 17.91% among women. These figures reflect ongoing challenges in access to education, particularly for girls and women in rural areas.<ref name=literacy/>

=== Languages === Brahui is the predominant language in the sub-tehsil, spoken by approximately 11,037 individual (~70.2% of the population). Balochi is the second most spoken language, with 4,653 speakers (~29.6%). A small portion of the population speaks other local languages.<ref name=language/>

== References == {{Reflist}}

===Notes=== {{notelist}}

{{Tehsils of Balochistan}} Category:Tehsils of Balochistan, Pakistan Category:Tehsils of Kalat District Category:Kalat District {{Balochistan-geo-stub}}