{{Short description|Norwegian farmer and botanist}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Johan Johnsen Havaas | image = Johan Havaas.jpeg | image_upright = 0.6 | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1864|10|19}} | birth_place = Ulvik Municipality, Norway | death_date = {{death date and age |1956|04|27|1864|10|19}} | death_place = Voss Municipality, Norway | death_cause = | fields = Botany | author_abbrev_bot = Hav. }}
'''Johan Johnsen Havaas''' (Havås) (19 October 1864–27 April 1956) was a farmer and botanist from Granvin Municipality (at that time it was called Ulvik Municipality) in Søndre Bergenhus county, Norway.<ref name="Store norske leksikon"/>
==Early life and career==
Johan Havaas grew up on the farm Havås in Granvin Municipality and took an early interest in natural history and botany. He was particularly interested in the cryptogam flora. Havaas had only social studies and was largely self-taught, and also learned foreign languages (including Latin, English, German, French, Portuguese and Spanish) on his own, so he could both exchange letters with scientists abroad and publish his dissertations.<ref name="Nasjonalbiblioteket"/> With support from the Bergen Museum, among others, he traveled all over the country and collected and recorded large quantities of mosses, lichens and parasitic fungi.<ref name="Store norske leksikon"/> His interest was too low, and he himself described about 6 new species.<ref name="Nasjonalbiblioteket"/> For example, he found the first specimen of the lichen coastal coral lichen (''Bunodophoron melanocarpum'') in Norway, near Mosterhamn in Sunnhordaland in 1912.<ref name="Lagerberg et al. 1955"/> In 1911 he registered a find of bog herring (''Saxifraga hypnoides'') in Stadlandet, a moss that was first found in Norway in the early 1800s. Two lichens have been given a species epithet named after him. One is ''Flavoplaca havaasii'', the other is ''Umbilicaria havaasii''.<ref name="Norsk biografisk leksikon"/> His work aroused international interest, while he has been less well known in Norway. The Granvin Bygdatun Museum has a collection after Johan Havaas, otherwise there are collections after him at the University of Bergen and at Duke University in North Carolina in the USA. In 1934 he was honored with the King's Medal of Merit in gold. He continued to run his father's farm in Granvin even in his old age.<ref name="Nasjonalbiblioteket"/> He probably had the last kvanngarden in Granvin.<ref name="Høeg 1974"/>
==Selected publications== *Floristiske undersøgelser i Søndre Bergenhus Amt (1897) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1897) *Nye findsteder for nogle sjeldnere lichener (1899) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1899) *Om vegetationen paa Hardangervidden (1902) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1902) *Beiträge zur Kenntnis der west-norwegischen Flechtflora 1 (1909) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1909) *Lichenvegetationen ved Mosterhavn (1916) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1917—1918) *Om vegetasjonen på toppen av Hårteigen (1927) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1927) *Om lichenvegetasjonen på Stadtlandet (1935) (I Bergens museums aarbok 1935) *Notes to the lichen flora of the mountains Steinsæterhorgi and Smøreggfjellet in Granvin, Hordaland fylke (1954) (Årbok for *Universitetet i Bergen 1954) *Granvins løvmosflora (1961) (Årbok for Universitetet i Bergen 1961)
Johan Havaas has also published two valuable exsiccata works:
*Lichenes exsiccati Norvegiae, a museo Bergensi editi<ref>{{cite web |title=Lichenes exsiccati Norvegiae, a museo Bergensi: IndExs ExsiccataID=622937857 |website=IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae |publisher=Botanische Staatssammlung München |url=https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=622937857 |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref> *Lichenes Norvegiae occidentalis exsiccati, a museo Bergensi editi<ref>{{cite web |title=Lichenes Norvegiae occidentalis exsiccati, a museo Bergensi editi: IndExs ExsiccataID=587608277 |website=IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae |publisher=Botanische Staatssammlung München |url=https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=587608277 |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref>
{{botanist|Hav.}}
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Høeg 1974">{{cite book |authorlink=Ove Arbo Høeg |last1=Hoeg |first1=Ove Arbo |year=1974 |title=Planter og tradisjon: floraen i levende tale og tradisjon i Norge 1925-1973 |trans-title=Plants and tradition: the flora in living speech and tradition in Norway 1925–1973 |publisher= Universitetsforlaget |location=Oslo |language=no |page=205}}</ref>
<ref name="Lagerberg et al. 1955">{{cite book |last1=Lagerberg |first1=Torsten |last2=Holmboe |first2=Jens |last3=Nordhagen |first3=Rolf |year=1955 |title=Våre ville planter |trans-title=Our Wild Plants |publisher=Forlagt av Johan Grundt Tanum |location=Oslo}}</ref>
<ref name="Nasjonalbiblioteket">{{cite news |title=Ein bonde og hans fjellgard |trans-title=A farmer and his mountain farm |last1=Storevik |first1=Kristoffer |work=Hardanger Folkeblad |url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digavis_hardangerfolkeblad_null_null_19831003_40_115_1?page=3 |date=3 October 1983 |page=3 |language=no |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Norsk biografisk leksikon">{{cite web |authorlink=Per Magnus Jørgensen |last1=Jørgensen |first1=Per Magnus |title=Johan Havaas | website=Norsk biografisk leksikon |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Johan_Havaas |language=no |date=13 February 2009 |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Store norske leksikon">{{cite web |title=Johan Jonsen Havaas |last1=Sunding |first1=Per |website=Store norske leksikon (Great Norwegian Encyclopedia) |url=https://snl.no/Johan_Jonsen_Havaas |language=no |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Havaas, Johan}} Category:1864 births Category:1956 deaths Category:19th-century Norwegian botanists Category:Norwegian farmers Category:People from Voss Category:Recipients of the King's Medal of Merit in gold Category:20th-century Norwegian botanists