{{Short description|Australian physician and radiologist (1928–2022)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Use Australian English|date=February 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Croll | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO|size=100}} | birth_name = Una Joan Holliday | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|06|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | death_date = {{death date and age|2022|02|14|1928|06|15|df=y}} | death_place = Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | alma_mater = University of Sydney }}
'''Una Joan Croll''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO|size=100}} (née '''Holliday'''; 15 June 1928 – 14 February 2022) was an Australian physician and radiologist who specialised in ultrasound and mammography. Outside medicine, she was an environmental activist, one of the 13 women who saved Kelly's Bush in Sydney.
== Early life and education == Una Joan Holliday<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Marriage Registration No. 1540/1955|url=https://familyhistory.bdm.nsw.gov.au/|access-date=22 February 2022|website=Births, Deaths and Marriages}}</ref> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 15 June 1928.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Croll, Joan (Una)|url=https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P004207b.htm|access-date=22 February 2022|website=Encyclopedia of Australian Science|language=en-gb}}</ref> As an undergraduate at the University of Sydney, she competed in rowing.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 April 1947|title=Pages for Women|volume=VIII|page=42|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|issue=24|location=New South Wales, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article248288325|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=22 February 2022}}</ref> After completing her medical degree in 1952,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Joan Croll AO, b. 1928|url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/joan-croll-1928/|access-date=22 February 2022|website=National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> she briefly worked as a pathologist in the Northern Territory but returned to Sydney afterwards.<ref name="GoldenYearbook">{{cite book |title=Golden Yearbook |date=December 2016 |publisher=The University of Sydney |page=63 |url=https://www.sydney.edu.au/dam/corporate/documents/news-opinions/university-of-sydney-golden-yearbook-web.pdf |access-date=27 February 2022 |chapter=Stories from graduates of the 1930s to the 1960s: Dr Joan Croll AO (née Holiday) MBBS '52 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227212405/https://www.sydney.edu.au/dam/corporate/documents/news-opinions/university-of-sydney-golden-yearbook-web.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1955, she married Frank James Croll,<ref name=":0" /> a fellow medical student who specialized in cardiology, and subsequently spent thirteen years as a full-time mother to her four children, delaying her career in medicine till she was 47 years old.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="GoldenYearbook" />
== Environmental activism == In the early 1970s, Croll became one of the 13 women environmental activists known as "The Battlers for Kelly's Bush", who campaigned against urban development into a parcel of native bushland by the Parramatta River in Hunters Hill, a suburb west of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web |title=What did a Hunters Hill resident and a union leader have in common in 1971? The safety of a piece of urban bushland... |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radio/sydney/programs/afternoons/battle-for-kellys-bush/12264120 |website=ABC Radio |access-date=27 February 2022 |language=en-AU |date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Their efforts led to the first enforcement of a Green Ban.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="NMA">{{cite web |title=First green bans |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/first-green-bans |website=www.nma.gov.au |publisher=National Museum of Australia |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=en |date=8 February 2022 |quote=In 1977 Premier Neville Wran announced that there would be no development at Kelly's Bush. Finally, in 1983, Wran announced that Kelly's Bush would be reserved for public use on a permanent basis. The first green ban led to efforts to protect many other sites in and around Sydney. These included saving some of the oldest buildings in the Rocks, stopping a concrete sports stadium being built in Centennial Park and blocking the construction of a carpark underneath the Botanic Gardens which threatened fig tree plantations....}}</ref> This successful preservation of Kelly's Bush paved the way for a number of similar Green-Ban actions, impacting land use and redevelopment plans in and around Sydney. With no further real estate developments permitted on site, Kelly's Bush was later purchased by the government to become public open space, to be cared for by local volunteers known as "Friends of Kelly's Bush", with Croll as the inaugural president in 1996.<ref name="NMA"/><ref name="VillageObserver2021">{{cite journal |last1=Riches |first1=Nicola |title=Celebrating Bushland, Battlers and Bans |journal=The Village Observer |date=February 2021 |url=https://issuu.com/thevillageobserver.com/docs/tvo_298_february_2021_web/s/11737318 |access-date=28 February 2022 |at=issuu |language=en |quote=In 1993 Kelly's Bush was handed over to the care of Hunters Hill Council and in 1995 local volunteers began bush regeneration. The Friends of Kelly's Bush was subsequently established as a landcare community group in 1996 and Battler Joan Croll became its first President.}}</ref> She later remarked that her participation in saving Kelly's Bush as "the most important thing I ever did."<ref name="WendyBacon20200214" /> In 2021, she attended the 50th anniversary celebrations the year before her death.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Vale Joan Croll|url=https://www.huntershill.bridge-club.org/node/373|access-date=22 February 2022|website=Hunters Hill Bridge Club|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222004325/https://www.huntershill.bridge-club.org/node/373|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Career in medicine == In 1975, Croll was appointed to run Sydney's Breast Health Screening Program, and she became the medical director of the Sydney Square Breast Clinic in 1978. In 1994, she took a position with the Central Sydney Area Health Service, while continuing as consultant radiologist at the Sydney Square Breast Clinic.<ref name=":1" /> Over the years, the clinic developed into a prominent teaching centre in radiology, where Croll, as one of Australia's pioneers of mammography,<ref name="PMID014636127">{{cite journal |last1=Houssami |first1=Nehmat |title=From Beirut to Sydney: backyards, breast cancer, and basic opportunity. |journal=The Medical Journal of Australia |date=December 2003 |volume=179 |issue=11–12 |pages=595–7 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05711.x |pmid=14636127 |s2cid=30077147 |quote=Early in 1990, I accepted a position as a breast clinician in one of Sydney's private breast centres (Sydney-Square Breast Clinic) under the mentorship of Dr Joan Croll, one of Australia's pioneers of mammography.}}</ref> promoted the introduction of breast ultrasound and mammography screening,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gibson |first1=Brendan J.J. |title=From Transfer to Transformation: Rethinking the Relationship between Research and Policy |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/47083/6/02whole.pdf |publisher=The Australian National University |access-date=28 February 2022 |format=PhD Thesis |date=September 2003 |quote=... Joan Croll, one of the directors of the Medicheck facility, was among the earliest advocates of mammography screening in Australia (Croll, MacMillan et al. 1977; Croll 1978; Croll 1987) ...}}</ref><ref name="Significant Tree Register">{{cite web |title=Tree Profile Sheet: 44 The Point Road, Woolwich |url=http://www.huntershill.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/17_44_The_Point_Rd_W.pdf |website=Significant Tree Register |publisher=Hunter's Hill Council |access-date=28 February 2022 |date=April 2015 |quote=The London Plane Tree was planted by the previous owners, Frank and Joan Croll in 1958, reputedly to commemorate their wedding. The Crolls left the property in the early 1960s only to return in 1970.4 Dr Joan Croll AO (b. 1928) is a breast physician and radiologist. From 1975 until her retirement in 1997 she was a persistent worker in the field of breast cancer, promoting the introduction of breast ultrasound and mammography. In the early 1970s, Croll's fight alongside thirteen other women (known as Battlers for Kelly's Bush Hunters Hill) to stymie a housing development on Sydney bushland led to the world's first Green Ban and the birth of urban environmentalism. Her late husband, Frank Croll, (1929-2003) was a leading consultant physician with a special interest in cardiology. |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618155530/https://www.huntershill.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/17_44_The_Point_Rd_W.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and helped establish the national breast cancer screening program in Australia.<ref name="GoldenYearbook" />
Croll was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 1996 Australia Day Honours for "service to medicine, particularly in the fields of mammography and ultrasound".<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 1996|title=Dr Joan Croll|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/883602|access-date=22 February 2022|website=It's an Honour}}</ref> She then retired in 1997.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
==Personal life and death== Croll was known as a prolific writer of letters to ''The Sydney Morning Herald''.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2022|title=Government is trying to duck blame for rail chaos|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/government-is-trying-to-duck-blame-for-rail-chaos-20220222-p59yim.html|access-date=25 February 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Her letters about the environment and various other issues were regularly published by the newspaper.<ref name="WendyBacon20200214">{{cite web |last1=Bacon |first1=Wendy |author-link=Wendy Bacon |title=Suburban Battlers who Changed the World |url=https://www.wendybacon.com/2020/suburban-battlers-who-changed-the-world |website=Wendy Bacon: Journalist, activist |access-date=26 February 2022 |date=14 February 2020 |quote=Dr Joan Croll is the only surviving battler and also a lifelong environmentalist. She was recognised with an Order of Australia for her pioneering work in breast cancer and mammography. Despite these other achievements, she describes her involvement in saving Kellys Bush as "the most important thing I ever did." ... When her children were young Croll was not in the paid workforce, but by the later stages of the campaign she was working as a doctor. For many years, she regularly wrote letters to the SMH on environmental & other issues. ...}}</ref>
Joan and Frank Croll were art collectors and the couple were members of an art-buying syndicate of Australian art connoisseurs and investors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Brook |title=Art-buying syndicates come of age |journal=Australian Financial Review |date=8 June 2011 |url=https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/arts-and-culture/art-buying-syndicates-come-of-age-20110609-icrqx |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Parts of their collection have been donated to art galleries, including a 1976 portrait of Joan painted by John Brack on display at the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra.<ref name="Sayers">{{cite web |last1=Sayers |first1=Andrew |title=String of Pearls |url=https://www.portrait.gov.au/magazines/2/string-of-pearls |website=Portrait magazine |publisher=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=28 February 2022 |date=1 December 2001|quote=John Brack was not known as a portrait painter, yet he painted many distinctive portraits. He rarely painted portraits on commission and the first occasion on which he undertook a private commission resulted in a fine and utterly 'Brackian' portrait of the Sydney art-lover and breast cancer specialist Dr Joan Croll AO. The portrait was commissioned by the sitter's husband Frank Croll. In November the Croll family generously donated the portrait to the National Portrait Gallery....}}</ref>
Joan Croll died on 14 February 2022, at the age of 93.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=22 February 2022|title=Joan Una Croll Death Notice|url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/435626/joan-una-croll?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/|access-date=22 February 2022|website=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Her husband Frank predeceased her in 2003.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 February 2009|title=Sydney Morning Herald 2004|url=https://jamesobrien.id.au/citizen-collector/collecting-art/|access-date=22 February 2022|publisher=James O'Brien|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 June 2003|title=Obituary: Dr Frank Croll|work=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://www.portrait.gov.au/portraits/2001.183/joan-croll John Brack's portrait of Joan Croll] held in the National Portrait Gallery * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxlyS75yefc Portrait interview of Joan Croll] on YouTube * [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-battle-for-kelly%E2%80%99s-bush-hunters-hill-council/VwVxFdIkegRZrw?hl=en The Battle for Kelly's Bush. A 50th Anniversary Celebration]—Google Arts & Culture, which includes an interview of Joan Croll in a videoclip
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Croll, Joan}} Category:1928 births Category:2022 deaths Category:20th-century Australian medical doctors Category:21st-century Australian medical doctors Category:21st-century Australian women medical doctors Category:Australian environmentalists Category:Australian radiologists Category:Australian women environmentalists Category:20th-century Australian women medical doctors Category:Officers of the Order of Australia Category:Medical doctors from Sydney Category:University of Sydney alumni Category:Women radiologists