Jitiqara

{{Infobox settlement  | official_name = Jitiqara | native_name = Жітіқара | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Clock_zhitikara.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = File:Flag of Zhitikara, Kazakhstan.gif | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = Jitiqara_seal.png | shield_size = | nickname = | motto =  | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | pushpin_map = Kazakhstan  | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan  | coordinates = {{coord|52|11|27|N|61|12|04|E|region:KZ_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Kazakhstan | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = Kostanay Region | subdivision_name2 = Zhitikara District | subdivision_name3 =  | established_title = Village | established_date = 1880  | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Imperial  | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 =  | area_land_km2 =  | area_metro_km2 =  | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = | elevation_ft =  | population_total = 33,587 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_footnotes = <ref name="kz2009Census"/> | population_density_km2 =  | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = http://zhitikara.kostanay.gov.kz/ | footnotes = | timezone = ALMT | utc_offset = +6 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | name = }}

'''Jitiqara''' ({{langx|kk|Жітіқара}}, ''Jıtıqara''; {{langx|ru|Житикара}}) is a town and the administrative center of Zhitikara District in Kostanay Region of northwestern Kazakhstan, close to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kostanay.gov.kz/rus/kostanaiskaja_oblast-155%7c157.html |script-title=ru:Регионы области |publisher=Акимат Костанайской области |language=ru |access-date=9 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718045637/http://www.kostanay.gov.kz/rus/kostanaiskaja_oblast-155%7C157.html |archive-date=July 18, 2012 }}</ref>

==Geography==

The city of Jitiqara is located in the southwestern part of the Kostanay region, 217 kilometers from the regional center of the city of Kostanay on the Turgay Plateau, west of the Tobol River. Population: {{Kz-census2009|33,587|punct=;}} {{Kz-census1999|36,359|punct=.}}

The territory of the city occupies an area of 6080 hectares, the height above sea level is 271 m.[https://dateandtime.info/ru/citycoordinates.php?id=1516601] [https://web.archive.org/web/20191224115832/http://zhitikara.kostanay.gov.kz/apprat-akima/struktura-vlasti/ispolnitelnaya-vlast/gu-apparat-akima-goroda-zhitikary-zhitikarinskogo-rayona/plan_soc_econom_razvitiya.php]

==History== Jitiqara was founded in 1880 as the aul of Konildi.<ref name="akim"/> At the time, it was a part of Nikolayevsky Uyezd (later renamed Kustanaysky Uyezd) of Turgay Oblast.<ref name="nasha">{{cite journal|last=Здоровец|first=Наталья|date=July 27, 2006|script-title=ru:От уезда до области|journal=Наша газета|url=http://kostanay1879.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=133&Itemid=46|language=ru}}</ref> In 1915, it was renamed Zhitikara (Dzhetygara), and subsequently granted urban-type settlement status.<ref name="akim"/> In 1920, Turgay Oblast was transformed into Turgay Governorate, and on November 9, 1920, it was abolished and merged into Orenburg-Turgay Governorate. On April 1, 1921 the area was transferred into newly established Kustanay Governorate. Dzhetyhara was a part of Adamovsky District and the administrative center of Dzhetygarinskaya Volost. On August 15, 1922 the district was abolished and merged into Denisov District. On September 21, 1925 Kustanay Governorate was abolished and transformed into Kustanaysky Uytezd. On January 17, 1928 Kustanay Okrug of Aktobe Region was established, which included also Zhetigara District.<ref name="zh-org">{{cite web|url=http://zhitikara.org/sity/history/zhitikara-history |script-title=ru:Очерк 1: Природно-климатические условия |publisher=zhitikara.org |language=ru |access-date=11 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929053012/http://zhitikara.org/sity/history/zhitikara-history |archive-date=September 29, 2012 }}</ref> In February 1932, okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Until 1936, the district administrative center of Zhitikara District was the settlement of Denisovka, and subsequently Dzhetygara was made the district center. On July 29, 1936, Kostanay Region was established as a part of Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, and Zhitikara District became a part of Kostanay Region.<ref name="nasha"/>

In 1939, Dzetygara was granted the town status. In 1962, it was made a town of oblast significance.<ref name="akim">{{cite web|url=http://www.kostanay.gov.kz/rus/istoricheskaja_spravka_zh.html?id=1775&PHPSESSID=3d2dbc63878506c270872d00a70249a7/ |script-title=ru:Историческая справка Житикаринского района |publisher=Акимат Костанайской области |language=ru |access-date=10 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208081719/http://www.kostanay.gov.kz/rus/istoricheskaja_spravka_zh.html?id=1775&PHPSESSID=3d2dbc63878506c270872d00a70249a7/ |archive-date=February 8, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="nasha"/> In 1997, the official spelling was changed to Jitiqara, and Jitiqara was made a town of district significance, the center of Zhitikara District.

==Economy==

===Industry=== The main industrial enterprise in Jitiqara is the Kostanay Minerals, mainly producing asbestos.<ref name="zhet">{{cite web|url=http://zhitikara-life.ru/ |script-title=ru:Житикара |publisher=zhitikara-life.ru/ |language=ru |access-date=9 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028212931/http://zhitikara-life.ru/ |archive-date=October 28, 2012 }}</ref>

===Transportation=== Jitiqara is a terminal of the railway side line leading to the station of Tobol which is located on the railway between Kartaly and Astana.

The town is connected by roads with Kostanay via Rudny and with Kartaly.

==Climate== Jitiqara has a humid continental climate (Köppen: ''Dfb''),<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref> characterized by frigid winters and warm summers.

{{Weather box | width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Jitiqara (1991–2020) | Jan high C = -10.8 | Feb high C = -9.4 | Mar high C = -2.0 | Apr high C = 11.9 | May high C = 21.8 | Jun high C = 27.0 | Jul high C = 27.9 | Aug high C = 26.9 | Sep high C = 20.2 | Oct high C = 11.0 | Nov high C = -1.1 | Dec high C = -8.3 | year high C = 9.6 | Jan mean C = -14.7 | Feb mean C = -14.0 | Mar mean C = -6.9 | Apr mean C = 5.5 | May mean C = 14.3 | Jun mean C = 19.5 | Jul mean C = 20.9 | Aug mean C = 19.3 | Sep mean C = 12.7 | Oct mean C = 4.8 | Nov mean C = -5.1 | Dec mean C = -12.3 | year mean C = 3.7 | Jan low C = -18.7 | Feb low C = -18.3 | Mar low C = -11.4 | Apr low C = 0.0 | May low C = 7.3 | Jun low C = 12.4 | Jul low C = 14.5 | Aug low C = 12.9 | Sep low C = 6.4 | Oct low C = -0.3 | Nov low C = -8.9 | Dec low C = -16.2 | year low C = -1.7 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 17.4 | Mar precipitation mm = 19.9 | Apr precipitation mm = 24.0 | May precipitation mm = 40.6 | Jun precipitation mm = 32.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 47.2 | Aug precipitation mm = 30.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 21.1 | Oct precipitation mm = 27.1 | Nov precipitation mm = 19.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 19.4 | year precipitation mm = 313.7 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 4.3 | Feb precipitation days = 4.5 | Mar precipitation days = 4.3 | Apr precipitation days = 5.0 | May precipitation days = 6.3 | Jun precipitation days = 5.8 | Jul precipitation days = 6.6 | Aug precipitation days = 4.9 | Sep precipitation days = 4.3 | Oct precipitation days = 5.1 | Nov precipitation days = 5.1 | Dec precipitation days = 4.8 | year precipitation days = 61.0 | source 1 = NOAA<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Kazakhstan/CSV/Zhitikara_35042.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Jitiqara |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 19, 2024}}</ref> }}

==See also== *Rashid Nurgaliev, former Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, born in this town.{{cn|date=September 2020}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Populated places in Kostanay Region