{{Short description|Chinese character}} {{About|the emoticon|the Xia king|Jiong of Xia|the Western Jin king|Sima Jiong}} [[File:Jiong seal clerical.PNG|thumb|upright=0.7|right|Jiong (囧) in Kaishu, Clerical, Seal, and Oracle bone scripts (top to bottom)]]
'''Jiong''' ({{zh|c=囧|p=jiǒng|j=gwing2}}) is a once obscure Chinese character meaning a "patterned window".{{sfn|Li|Li|2014|pp=252-3}} Since 2008, it has become an internet phenomenon and widely used to express embarrassment and gloom because of the character's resemblance to a sad facial expression.{{sfn|Hammond|Richey|2014|p=141}}
It has historically been used as a Chinese dictionary radical and has ''Shuowen Jiezi'' number 240, but it is not included among the ''Kangxi'' radicals, nor by the ''Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components''.
==Original meanings== # Window, according to Xu Shen's 2nd-century dictionary ''Shuowen Jiezi'': "窻牖麗廔闓明" ('an open and light window'). # Granary. 米囧 means "put the new rice into a granary". # Sacrificial place. Based on Chouli. # Toponym.
===Characters with Shuowen radical 240=== {| class="wikitable" ! strokes !! character |- | +0 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|囧}} {{Linktext|冏}} |- | +4 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|朙}} |- | +5 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𥁰}} |- | +6 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𧖸}} |- | +9 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𥂗}} |}
==Internet emoticon== right|100px|thumb|A stylised version of the 囧 emoticon The character for ''jiong'' is nowadays more widely used on the Internet as an ideographic emoticon representing a range of moods, as it resembles a person's face. It is commonly used to express ideas or feelings such as annoyance, shock, embarrassment, awkwardness, etc.
The use of ''jiong'' as an emoticon can be traced to 2005 or earlier; it was referenced on 20 January 2005 in a Chinese-language article on Orz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nownews.com/2005/01/20/327-1744028.htm |title=心情很orz嗎？ 網路象形文字幽默一下 |website=NOWnews.com|access-date=2013-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115031609/http://www.nownews.com/2005/01/20/327-1744028.htm |archive-date=2012-11-15 }}</ref> The character is sometimes used in conjunction with orz, OTZ, or its other variants to form "囧rz", representing a person on their hands and knees (''jiong'' forming the face, while ''r'' and ''z'' represent arms and legs, respectively) and symbolising despair or failure.
==Encoding== The character is included in Unicode at {{U+|56E7}} (囧).<ref name="unihan"/> Unicode also includes U+518F (冏), which is considered a variant.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ008830 |title=MJ008830 |institution=Character Information Technology Promotion Council (CITPC) |work=文字情報基盤検索システム |quotation=辞書類等による関連字: 冏 |lang=ja}}</ref> {{charmap |56E7|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-<span>56E7</span> |518F|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-<span>518F</span> |map1=Shift JIS<ref name="shift_jis-utc">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT |title=Shift-JIS to Unicode |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-03-08}}</ref>|map1char2=99 67 |map2=EUC-JP<ref name="euc-jp-2007">{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm |title=EUC-JP-2007 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=International Components for Unicode}}</ref>|map2char1=8F B6 FA|map2char2=D1 C8 |map3=GBK / GB 18030<ref name="gb18030">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005|title=GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set|last=Standardization Administration of China (SAC)|date=2005-11-18}}</ref>|map3char1=87 E5|map3char2=83 D7 |map4=KPS 9566-2011<ref name="utc-L2-18-011">{{cite web |last=Chung |first=Jaemin |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18011-info-kps9566-2011.pdf |id=UTC L2/18-011 |title=Information on the most recent version of KPS 9566 (KPS 9566-2011?) |date=2018-01-05}}</ref>|map4char2=C8 82 |map5=Big5<ref name="big5hkscs-html5">{{cite web |url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html |title=big5 |work=Encoding Standard |publisher=WHATWG |last=van Kesteren |first=Anne |author-link=Anne van Kesteren}}</ref>|map5char1=CA A8|map5char2=CA 6A |map6=EUC-TW<ref name="cns">{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=140104&SN=&lang=en |title=[囧] 2-2348 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}</ref><ref name="cns2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=140076&SN=&lang=en |title=[冏] 2-232C |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}</ref>|map6char1=8E A2 A3 C8|map6char2=8E A2 A3 AC |map7=CCCII / EACC<ref name="unihan">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=%E5%9B%A7 |title=Unihan data for U+56E7 |institution=Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref name="unihan2">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=518F&useutf8=true |title=Unihan data for U+518F |institution=Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/codetables/eacc2uni.txt |title=EACC to Unicode |institution=Library of Congress}}</ref>|map7char1=21 73 77|map7char2=21 69 6E |namedref1=Kangxi Dictionary reference<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0217.gif |title=Page 217 |work=Kangxi Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0129.gif |title=Page 129 |work=Kangxi Dictionary}}</ref> |ref1char1=Page 217, character 10 |ref1char2=Page 129, character 12 }}
==References== {{reflist}}
===Bibliography=== *{{cite book |last1=Hammond |first1=Kenneth J. |last2=Richey |first2=Jeffrey L. |title=The Sage Returns: Confucian Revival in Contemporary China |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6ytBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141 |date=3 December 2014 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-5493-1 }} *{{cite book |last1=Li |first1=Yuming |last2=Li |first2=Wei |title=The Language Situation in China |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PHnBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-1-61451-365-0 }} *{{cite book |last1=Ru |first1=Xin |last2=Lu |first2=Xueyi |last3=Li |first3=Peilin |title=The China Society Yearbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ecJc4PhmqUC&pg=PA311 |date=25 March 2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18221-9 }}
Category:Emoticons Category:Chinese words and phrases Category:Chinese character components