Jews Relief Act 1858

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom}} {{Use British English|date=August 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox UK legislation |short_title = Jews Relief Act 1858<ref>The citation of this Act by this [[short title]] was authorised by the [[Short Titles Act 1896]], section 1 and the first schedule. Due to the repeal of those provisions it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the [[Interpretation Act 1978]].</ref> |type = Act |parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom |long_title = An Act to provide for the Relief of Her Majesty’s Subjects professing the Jewish Religion. |year = 1858 |citation = [[21 & 22 Vict.]] c. 49 |introduced_by = |territorial_extent = |royal_assent = 23 July 1858 |commencement = |repeal_date = |amendments = [[Promissory Oaths Act 1871]], [[Short Titles Act 1896]], [[Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922]], [[Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973]], [[Statute Law Revision (Northern Ireland) Act 1980]], [[Patronage (Benefices) Measure 1986]] |related_legislation = |repealing_legislation= |status = Partially_Repealed |original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/21-22/49/enacted |legislation_history = |use_new_UK-LEG = yes |revised_text = }}

The '''Jews Relief Act 1858''' ([[21 & 22 Vict.]] c. 49), also called the '''Jewish Disabilities Act''', is an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] which removed previous barriers to Jews entering Parliament, a step in [[Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom]].<ref name=enacted>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/21-22/49/contents/enacted "Jews Relief Act 1858"], as originally enacted</ref>

Following the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829]] there had been an unsuccessful attempt in 1830 to also allow Jews to sit in Parliament.<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1830/may/17/bill-for-removal-of-jewish-disabilities#S2V0024P0_18300517_HOC_59 "BILL FOR REMOVAL OF JEWISH DISABILITIES. "], HC Deb 17 May 1830 vol 24 cc784-814</ref> The 1858 measure was the result of a long process which began with a bill introduced by the Whig leader [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Lord John Russell]] following the election of [[Lionel de Rothschild]] to the [[City of London (UK Parliament constituency)|City of London constituency]] in 1847. Rothschild could not take the seat without taking the Christian [[Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)|oath of office]]. The bill was supported by the future Conservative Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] but not by his party.

In 1848, the bill was approved by the House of Commons but was twice rejected by the [[House of Lords]] as was a new bill in 1851. In the [[1852 United Kingdom general election|1852 general election]], Rothschild was again elected but the next year the bill was again defeated in the upper house. Finally, in 1858, the House of Lords agreed to a proposal to allow each house to decide its own oath.

The bill allowed "any Person professing the Jewish Religion, [to] omit the Words 'and I make this Declaration upon the true Faith of a Christian{{'"}} in their oaths, but explicitly did not extend to allowing Jews to various high offices, and also stated that "it shall not be lawful for any Person professing the Jewish Religion, directly or indirectly, to advise Her Majesty ... touching or concerning ... any office or preferment in the Church of England or in the Church of Scotland."<ref name=enacted /> A separate act passed simultaneously ([[Oaths Act 1858]], [[21 & 22 Vict.]] c. 48) effected similar reforms for the public oaths required other than for Parliament.

Amendments in 1871, 1922, 1973, 1980 and 1986 removed all restrictions on Jews holding office except that they may not advise certain government officials on matters related to appointments in the [[Church of England]] or the [[Church of Scotland]].<ref>Jews Relief Act 1858, [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/21-22/49/introduction as amended], accessed Sept 20, 2014.</ref>

==See also== * [[Disabilities (Jewish)]] * [[Emancipation of the Jews in the United Kingdom]] * [[Oaths Act 1888]], allowing those of no religious belief to simply "solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare"

==References== ;''Hansard'' vol 151 (1858): Lords: [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jun/14/observations 14 Jun: Observations]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/01/jews-bill-second-reading 1 Jul: 2nd Reading]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/05/jews-bill-committee 5 Jul: Committee, Report]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/08/jews-bill 8 Jul: Recommittal]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/12/jews-bill-third-reading 12 Jul: 3rd Reading]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; Commons: [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/16/second-reading 16 Jul: 2nd Reading]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/19/jews-bill-committee 19 Jul: Committee, Report]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/20/third-reading 20 Jul: 3rd Reading]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; Lords: [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/jul/21/jews-bill 21 Jul: Agreement]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.

==Citations== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Anti-discrimination legislation]] [[Category:Anti-discrimination law in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1858]] [[Category:Jewish emancipation]] [[Category:1858 in Judaism]] [[Category:July 1858]] [[Category:Law about religion in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Jewish British history]] [[Category:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell]] [[Category:Benjamin Disraeli]]