{{short description|Heraldic term}} [[File:Lion head jessant de lys.svg|thumb|A ''leopard's face jessant-de-lys'']] {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Jessant-de-lysLysErect.jpg | width1 = 149 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = JessantDeLys.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = A leopard's face ''jessant-de-lys'', '''left''': shown in the standard form with fleur-de-lys erect, '''right''': shown in the unusual form with the fleur-de-lys reversed }} '''Jessant-de-lys''' is a [[Heraldry|heraldic]] term denoting a [[Fleur-de-lis|fleur-de-lys]] issuing out of any object.<ref>{{harvp|Boutell|1864|p=81}}</ref> It is most frequently seen in conjunction with a [[Leopard (heraldry)|leopard]]'s face, meaning in heraldic language the face of a lion.
==Description== [[Charles Boutell]] (1863)<ref>{{harvp|Boutell|1864|p=61}}</ref> described the [[Charge (heraldry)|charge]] thus: "A leopard's face affrontée, resting upon a fleur-de-lys, and having the lower part of the flower issuing from the animal's mouth". This appears to describe a fleur-de-lys erect. The fleur-de-lys is on occasion shown reversed, perhaps as an heraldic [[Difference (heraldry)|difference]], or simply in error.<ref>Although Boutell describes it with the fleur-de-lys erect, he depicts it reversed, without comment</ref> The early authority on heraldry [[John Guillim]] (d.1621) wrote in his [[Display of Heraldry]]: ''"A Lyon Jessant..is not subjected to the primary charge, but is borne over both the field and charge, and is therefore called a Lyon Jessant, jacendo, because of such lying all over"''. (i.e. French, from ''jacendus-a-um'' the [[gerundive]] of the Latin verb ''jaceo'', to lie<ref>Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928, p.300</ref>). Guillim may have given some thought to this charge, having married a member of the [[Denys family of Siston|Denys family]] of Gloucestershire, whose arms display the charges three times.
==Origin== {{multiple image | width1=200 | image1=Seal WilliamDeCantilupe (d.1239).jpg | caption1=Seal of [[William de Cantilupe (died 1239)|William de Cantilupe]] (died 1239) showing on an [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] ''three fleurs-de-lys'' | width2=140 | image2=StThomasDeCantilupeSeal.jpg | caption2=Seal of Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe showing arms of Cantilupe ancient on each side of the bishop. }} The earliest use of a leopard's face jessant-de-lys was in the last quarter of the 13th century, by the Anglo-Norman family of Cantilupe, borne as a group of three ("Cantilupe modern"). [[James Planché|Planché]] (1852)<ref>{{harvp|Planché|1873|p=103-4}}</ref> proposed the Cantilupe jessant-de-lys arms to have been [[Difference (heraldry)|differences]] of their earlier arms of three fleurs-de-lys, which might be referred to as "Cantilupe ancient", which were used from the start of the age of heraldry in about 1215, until 1280. Boutell however tentatively suggests them to be the result of a rare compounding of two separate coats of arms, resulting from a marriage to an heiress, akin to [[dimidiation]].<ref>{{harvp|Boutell|1864|p=177}}</ref> However, he gives no genealogical data to support such marriage having occurred.
Evidence of the use of "Cantilupe ancient" last appears in the Camden [[roll of arms]], c. 1280. for ''Johan de Cauntelo'' They are earlier listed as ''Gules, three fleurs de lys or'' for [[George de Cantilupe|Sir George de Cantilupe]] (died 1273) in the Charles's Roll,<ref>Charles's Roll, part 2, no. 60, as drawn by {{harvp|Planché|1873|p=134}}</ref> St. George's Roll,<ref>St George's Roll, part 3, E246</ref> and in the [[Camden Roll]].<ref>Camden Roll, D107</ref> The arms of [[William de Cantilupe (died 1254)|William de Cantilupe]] (died 1254) are listed even earlier in the Glover's Roll as: ''Gules, three fleurs-de-lys or.''<ref>Glover's Roll, part 1, B27</ref> The earliest record of the arms of "Cantilupe ancient" is in the seal of [[William de Cantilupe (died 1239)|William de Cantilupe]] (died 1239). The antiquarian [[John Nichols (printer)|John Nichols]] (d.1826) in his ''History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester''<ref>Nichols, John. ''The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester'', 4 vols. c.1800, quoted by www.woodforde.co.uk</ref> records a deed dated 1215 relating to the first William de Cantilupe's manor of [[Brentingby]], Leicestershire, on which the seal is ''three fleurs-de-lys circumscribed''.
==Earliest use== [[File:Diocese of Hereford arms.svg|thumb|Arms of [[Thomas de Cantilupe|St Thomas Cantilupe]] (died 1282), Bishop of Hereford: ''Gules, three leopard's faces reversed jessant-de-lys or'']] [[File:WoodfordeArms.png|thumb|Arms of Woodforde: ''Sable, three leopard's faces reversed argent jessant-de-lys gules'', known to have been feudal tenants of a Cantilupe at [[Brentingby]], Leicestershire<ref>[http://www.woodforde.co.uk/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103034/http://www.woodforde.co.uk/|date=2011-07-16}} www.woodforde.co.uk</ref>]] [[Thomas de Cantilupe|St Thomas Cantilupe]] (died 1282), Bishop of Hereford, granted his personal arms, the Cantilupe arms reversed (i.e. upside down) for [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] to the [[see of Hereford]], and the arms are still used by the [[Bishop of Hereford]] today. The episcopal seal of St Thomas still shows however the arms of "Cantilupe ancient" in the form of two groups of three fleurs-de-lys either side of a figure of the standing bishop. This suggests that the ancient arms were still in use at the start of his episcopal reign in 1275, when the seal would have been made.
The modern arms were certainly in use in 1300, but by a cadet branch of the Cantilupe family (which had died out in the main line in 1273 on the death of [[George de Cantilupe|Sir George de Cantilupe]]) in the form of another William de Cantilupe, who used a [[fess]] for difference, as recorded in the Caerlaverock Roll, which was a record of participants at the siege of [[Caerlaverock Castle]] in 1300. His arms are recorded as ''Gules, a fess vair between 3 leopard's faces jessant-de-lys or''.<ref>Roll of Caerlaverock, K69</ref>
The Cantilupe family granted their arms, with differences, to many of their [[Feudalism|feudal]] tenants, as arms of patronage, which have taken the form of "Cantilupe modern". Examples are in the 13th century to Hubard of [[Ipsley]], Warwickshire,<ref>{{cite book |oclc=504890030 |title=The Victoria history of the counties of England. The Victoria history of the county of Warwick |volume=3, Barlichway hundred |year=1945 |pages=123–126 |publisher=Oxford University Press for the University of London Institute of Historical Research |last=Salzman |first=L F}}</ref> to John Woodforde of [[Brentingby]] (fl. 1316), Leicestershire <ref>[http://www.woodforde.co.uk/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103034/http://www.woodforde.co.uk/|date=2011-07-16}} www.woodforde.co.uk</ref> and possibly to Denys of [[Siston]], Gloucestershire, formerly from Glamorgan, in connection with [[Candleston Castle]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=G. T. Clark |last=Clark |first=G.T. |title=Limbus Patrum Morganiae et Glamorganiae: Being the Genealogies of the Older Families of the Lordship of Morgan and Glamorgan |oclc=222009124 |chapter=The Advenae, Dennis |pages=381–382 |year=1886 |location=London |publisher=Wyman & Sons}}</ref> From the [[Denys family]] the arms were apparently borrowed by the unrelated family of [[Thomas Tenison]] (1636-1715), [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], from whom the unrelated family of [[Alfred Lord Tennyson]], poet laureate, again borrowed, probably as their family names signify "Dennis's son".
==Modern usage== The true Cantilupe modern arms are borne today only by the [[See of Hereford]], the [[Earl De La Warr]], whose lesser title is [[Viscount Cantelupe]], both titles created in 1761 for the West family, distant descendants of the ancient Cantilupe family, and the [[Earl of Pembroke]] who also quarter Cantilupe. The second [[Quarter (heraldry)|quarter]] of the De La Warr coat of arms is [[blazon]]ed thus: ''Azure, 3 leopard's faces reversed jessant-de-lys or''.<ref>Debrett's Peerage 1968, pp.333-334</ref>
===Jessant of other charges=== The [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] has also issued grants for arms and badges blazoned "jessant of" charges other than a fleur-de-lis, including ''jessant of a cross'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2946&ProjectElementID=10369 |title=Thomas Alfred CURLEY |date=20 July 2017 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''A dragon’s face Vert incensed Gules jessant of a cross patté Or''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2862&ProjectElementID=10091 |title=Jason Charles BURGOIN |date=15 December 2016 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''A tyger’s face Gules jessant of a Latin cross patonce Ermine''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1026&ProjectElementID=3534 |title=Mark Lowell SARGENT |date=15 February 2006 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''A lion’s face nimbed Argent jessant of a cross potent Gules''}}</ref> ''jessant of a [[Broad arrow|pheon]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=8&ProjectElementID=15 |title=Richard Edward JONES |date=15 April 2002 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''Azure on a bend between two lions' faces Or each jessant of a pheon Argent, an eagle displayed Azure between two maple leaves Vert''}}</ref> ''jessant of a sword'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=477&ProjectElementID=1593 |title=John Paul RICHARDS |date=15 September 2004 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''Per pale Gules and Azure a bison's head caboshed Argent jessant of a sword point in chief supporting a balance Or''}}</ref> ''jessant of a Guernsey lily'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2305&ProjectElementID=8135 |title=Christian Cardell Avery Aaron BELMONT (CORBET) |date=20 July 2012 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''A human skull jessant of a Guernsey lily proper its roots entwining a paintbrush and a sculptor’s chisel contourné fesswise in pale Gules''}}</ref> and ''jessant d'érable'' (of a maple leaf).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=760&ProjectElementID=2717 |title=Victor Theodore PODD |date=1 May 1998 |website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada |access-date=5 August 2018 |quote= ''A lion Or jessant d'érable Gules''}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Jessant-de-lis in heraldry}}
==Sources== *{{ Cite book | last1=Boutell | first1=Charles |author-link=Charles Boutell |title=Heraldry, historical and popular | publisher=Richard Bentley |location=London | edition=3rd | year=1864 | url=https://archive.org/details/heraldryhistoric01bout }} *{{cite book |last=Planché |first=J.R. |author-link=James Planché |title=The Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon facts |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081807574 |location=London |year=1873 |orig-year=1852 |pages=103–104 |via=HathiTrust }}
[[Category:Heraldic charges]]