{{Short description|Polish journalist (1912–1999)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox person |name = Jerzy Turowicz |image = Jerzy Turowicz 1994.jpg |caption = Turowicz in 1994 |birth_name = |birth_date = 10 December 1912 |birth_place = Kraków, Kingdom of Poland |death_date = {{death date and age|1999|1|27|1912|12|10|df=y}} |death_place = Kraków, Poland |alma_mater = Jagiellonian University |occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|magazine editor}} |years_active = 1930s–1999 |spouse = Anna Gąsiorowska |children = 3, including Magdalena Smoczyńska |relatives = {{Plainlist| * Lukasz Jogalla (grandson) * Pico Alexander (great-grandson) }} }}

'''Jerzy Turowicz''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈjɛʐɨ tuˈrɔvit͡ʂ}}; 10 December 1912 &ndash; 27 January 1999) was a leading Polish Catholic journalist and editor for much of the post-Second World War period.<ref>[http://sppwarszawa.pl/czlonkowie/jerzy-turowicz/ Jerzy Turowicz.]</ref> He was editor of the Catholic weekly magazine ''Tygodnik Powszechny'' from 1945 until his death in 1999, except for three years in the early 1950s.

==Early life and education== Turowicz was born on 10 December 1912 in Kraków, the son of Klotylda (Turnau) and August Turowicz, a judge.<ref name=indob>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Jerzy Turowicz|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-jerzy-turowicz-1076883.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-jerzy-turowicz-1076883.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|accessdate=8 September 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=29 January 1999|author=Felix Corley}}</ref><ref name=Dom2006>{{cite book|author=R. Palmer Domenico|title=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8ZixRcQfV8C&pg=PA573|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32362-1|pages=573}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jerzyturowicz.pl/ewa-prejsner/|title = Ewa Preisner|date = 10 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readingmalopolska.pl/en/miasta-w-szlakach,31,krakow,1300.chtm|title=Trails - Literacka Małopolska}}</ref>

In 1930, he joined a Catholic youth organization, called ''Rebirth''.<ref name=Dom2006/><ref name=Pac2003>{{cite book|author=Andrzej Paczkowski|title=The Spring Will be Ours: Poland and the Poles from Occupation to Freedom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoKQWem2yl4C&pg=PA550|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2003|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=978-0-271-04753-9|pages=550}}</ref> He graduated from Jagiellonian University in 1939 with a degree in philosophy.<ref name=indob/>

==Career and activities== Turowicz was appointed chief editor of ''Głos Narodu'' in 1939.<ref name=indob/> During World War II, he worked in the underground journals.<ref name=Dom2006/> In 1945, he became editor of the Catholic weekly ''Tygodnik Powszechny'', which he also cofounded.<ref name=coflit>{{cite web|title=Krakow Authors|url=http://krakowcityofliterature.com/city-of-literature/krakow-authors/|work=Krakow. City of Literature|accessdate=8 September 2013|archive-date=1 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301203053/http://krakowcityofliterature.com/city-of-literature/krakow-authors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was financed by Adam Sapieha, Archbishop of Kraków.<ref name=mtk99/> However, there is another report, arguing that Sapieha was loosely related to the weekly.<ref name=Dom2006/>

Turowicz made his career there, through all the changes in the political and social nature of the country. He served as the editor of the weekly until his death in 1999, with only a three-year interruption from 1953 to 1956.<ref name=indob/> The reason for this interruption was the refusal of Turowicz to publish an obituary for Joseph Stalin.<ref name=Dom2006/> During this period the weekly was under the control of the communist regime and the editor was Jan Piwowarczyk.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tadeusz Kantor|title=A Journey Through Other Spaces: Essays and Manifestos, 1944-1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSz0r1p_ZFUC&pg=PA271|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-91439-1|page=271}}</ref>

In 1956, Turowicz both returned to his editorial post and was made a member of the Sejm, Polish Parliament, along with other Catholic figures.<ref name="Frieberg2008">{{cite book|author=Annika Frieberg|title=The Project of Reconciliation: Journalists and Religious Activists in Polish-German Relations, 1956–1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkV7PIHGe4gC&pg=PA54|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-53566-9|pages=54 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1964 he was one of the signatories of the so-called Letter of 34 to Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz regarding freedom of culture. He was a member of the Polish Round Table Talks during the Revolutions of 1989, leading to the fall of the communist regime in the country.<ref name=Pac2003/>

Turowicz's articles published in various dailies and other publications were compiled and published by the Znak publishing house in 1963, in 1990 and in 1999.<ref name=coflit/>

==Personal life and death== In 1938, Turowicz married Anna Gąsiorowska and they had three daughters,<ref name=indob/> one of whom is the psycholinguist Magdalena Smoczyńska.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010303004205/http://www.tygodnik.com.pl/ludzie/turowicz/kalendarium/12-55.html Biography of Jerzy Turowicz on website of ''Tygodnik Powszechny'']</ref> He died of a heart attack in Kraków on 27 January 1999.<ref name=mtk99>{{cite news|title=Jerzy Turowicz Is Dead at 86; Anti-Communist Polish Editor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/29/world/jerzy-turowicz-is-dead-at-86-anti-communist-polish-editor.html|accessdate=8 September 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 January 1999|author=Michael T. Kaufman}}</ref> His grandson is Polish-American cinematographer Lukasz Jogalla and his great-grandson is American actor Pico Alexander.

==Legacy and awards== In 1995, Turowicz was awarded the Order of the White Eagle, the highest state award of Poland and silver Kraków service medal.<ref name=coflit/><ref>[http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP19940350295 Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 3 maja 1994 r. o nadaniu orderu]</ref> In 1998, Maria Zmarz-Koczanowicz produced the documentary, ''Ordinary Kindness'' (''Zwyczajna dobroć''), telling the story of Turowicz.

On 10 December 2012, the 100th anniversary of Turowicz's birth, a plaque in honor of him was unveiled in Kraków.<ref>{{cite web|title=Consul General Attends Unveiling of Plaque in Memory of Jerzy Turowicz |url=http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/event121012turowicz.html |work=Consulate General of the US |access-date=8 September 2013 |date=10 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213230208/http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/event121012turowicz.html |archive-date=13 February 2013 }}</ref> A street in Kraków is named after him.

==References== {{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Turowicz, Jerzy}} Category:1912 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Jagiellonian University alumni Category:Journalists from Kraków Category:Members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Category:Polish Roman Catholics Category:Polish Round Table Talks participants Category:Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)