{{Short description|Polish architect (1894–1954)}} {{Use dmy dates |date=June 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Jerzy Sosnkowski | image = Jerzy Sosnkowski.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = Picture of Jerzy Sosnkowski in the 1930s | caption = Jerzy Sosnkowski in the 1930s | birth_date = {{Birth date|1894|10|23|df=y}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Russian Partition, {{flag|Russian Empire}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|12|10|1894|10|23|df=y}} | death_place = Buenos Aires, {{flag|Argentina}} | alma_mater = Lviv Polytechnic | occupation = Modernist architect, designer, writer | spouse = Zofia Janicka | children = Wacław | parents = Zofia née Drabińska and Józef Bogdan Sosnkowski | awards = 70px|Cross of Independence | signature = }}
'''Jerzy Sosnkowski''' (23 October 1894 – 10 December 1954) was a Polish modernist architect, interior designer and writer.
==Biography== ===Youth=== Jerzy Sosnkowski was born on 23 October 1894 in Warsaw<ref name="KI">{{cite book |last=Kozina |first=Irma |date=2015 |title=Polski Design|trans-title=Polish Design |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Wydawnictwo SBM |pages=68–69 |isbn=9788378458968}}</ref> from Zofia (née Drabińska) (1858–1938) and Józef Bogdan Sosnkowski (1832–1896), a wealthy nobleman and owner of several villages.<ref name="whoswho">{{cite book |last=Łoza |first=Stanisław |date=1939 |title=Czy wiesz kto to jest? Uzupełnienia i sprostowania |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/5812b98c-809c-4a07-8b97-fec7bf848226?page=296 |trans-title=Do you know who this is? Additions and corrections |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Drukarnia Wydawnicza Warszawa |page=287|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>
Gentry traditions and Polish patriotism were deeply honored in the family. Sosnkowski had three sisters and two brothers, in addition to five other half-siblings from his father's first marriage.<ref name="PAN"/>
He attended the gymnasium on Złota Street in Warsaw. He then went to the private Polish Artur Jeżewski's School of Commerce ({{lang|pl|Szkoła Handlowa A. Jeżewskiego}}), where he passed his matura in June 1913.<ref name="PAN"/> With his diploma, he left for Lviv to study architecture at Lviv Polytechnic which his brother Kazimierz was already attending.<ref name="brata">{{cite book |last=Błaszczyk |first=Dariusz |date=2023 |title=Brat generała. Jerzy Sosnkowski (1893–1954)|trans-title=The general's brother. Jerzy Sosnkowski (1893–1954) |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Fundacja Centrum Architektury|isbn=978-83-969081-3-1}}</ref>
There, he was a member of the local Riflemen's Association ({{lang|pl|Związek Strzelecki}}).<ref name="whoswho"/>
===First World War and military service=== On 2 October 1914, during the First World War, he enlisted as a corporal in the 1st Uhlan Regiment. He took part in the operations of the Austrian Army on the Russian front in the Lublin region and in Volhynia. In November 1915, he was temporarily released due to serious illness: he stayed in Sandomierz on the estate of his sister Wanda Chołocińska.<ref name="brata"/>
In March 1916, he transferred to Warsaw, in order to resume his studies at the Faculty of Architecture of the Warsaw University of Technology ({{lang|pl|Wydział Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej}}), under the supervision of architect Czesław Przybylski. In September 1918, he passed the semi-graduate exam.<ref name="FB">{{cite web |date=23 October 2020 |title=KRĄG-JERZY SOSNKOWSKI |url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.444981532230519&type=3 |trans-title=CIRCLE-JERZY SOSNKOWSKI |website=facebook.com |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=Meta |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref>
After Poland regained independence, Sosnkowski joined the 2nd Rokitnian Chevau-léger regiment as a volunteer, taking part in the winter campaign on the Volhynian front. From June to September 1919, he took a course at the Officer Cadet School in Warsaw and was accordingly promoted to second lieutenant; he was sent posted to the Staff of the Ministry of Military Affairs. He eventually ended his military service in September 1921.<ref name="PAN"/>
Sosnkowski was rewarded the Cross of Independence on 12 May 1931, for "work in the effort to regain Independence".<ref>{{cite book |date=1931 |title=Zarządzenie o nadaniu Krzyża Niepodległości z mieczami, Krzyża Niepodległości oraz Medalu Niepodległości. |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19311110163 |trans-title=Order on awarding the Cross of Independence with Swords, the Cross of Independence and the Medal of Independence. |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>
In 1934, as an ancient mobilized officer, he was listed in the records of the ''3rd Recruitment District Command of Warsaw'', a military body responsible in particular for the administration of reserves. As such, Sosnkowski was assigned to the Reserve Officers' District Nr I, with the rank of lieutenant, "intended to be called back in wartime".<ref>{{cite book |date=1934 |title=Rocznik Oficerski Rezerw |url=https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/39606/edition/56603/content |trans-title=Reserve Officers' Yearbook |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych |page=270|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref> thumb|Advertising leaflet of the company "DECOR", 1921 thumb|Sosnkowski smoking (facing the camera) at the Artistic and technical committee of the Maritime and River League, 1930
===Art studies and works=== In 1917, Sosnkowski co-submitted several stamp designs, in the framework of the competition for the postal marks of the Kingdom of Poland.<ref>{{cite book |date=2 June 1927 |title=Katalog prac konkursowych na marki pocztowe Królestwa Polskiego |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/a6253e12-90fd-4406-b1cd-e4b9c94c0c53?page=2 |trans-title=Catalog of competition entries for postmarks of the Kingdom of Poland |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Warszawskie Towarzystwo Artystyczne |pages=10, 19|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>
Around 1921, together with Franciszek Biske (1895–1938), also a student of the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology, he founded the company "DECOR", which performed all types of works within the scope of applied artistic graphics and interior decoration.<ref name="studies"/>
From 1923 to 1931, he was an artistic inspector of the Warsaw City Council.<ref name="in memo">{{cite web |date=23 October 2020 |title=arch. Jerzy Sosnkowski |url=https://archimemory.pl/pokaz/jerzy_sosnkowski,14378 |trans-title=Architect Jerzy Sosnkowski |website=archimemory.pl |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=Marek Perepeczo |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref>
In Warsaw, Sosnkowski was actively involved in many artistic fields, staying several months for a course at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. At the time, he had been already identified by Józef Gawlikowski, a Warsaw Publishing House editor, as (...) "a successful architect, a theatre painter and interior decorator, an illustrator and a draftsman, appreciated in England."<ref name="studies">{{cite book |date=2020 |title=STUDIA DO DZIEJÓW ARCHITEKTURY I URBANISTYKI W POLSCE, TOM TRZECI. ZBIORY NAUKOWE ZAKŁADU ARCHITEKTURY POLSKIEJ WYDZIAŁU ARCHITEKTURY POLITECHNIKI WARSZAWSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY 100 LAT. |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/54804ced-801a-42be-bb8f-bd4be6e9e4c2?page=4 |trans-title=STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING IN POLAND, VOLUME THREE. SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLISH ARCHITECTURE, FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF 100 YEARS.|language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej |pages=187–188|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref>
He graduated on 31 June 1929, obtaining a diploma from the Department of Monumental Design, under the supervision of Czesław Przybylski.<ref name="BD">{{cite book |last=Błaszczyk|first=Dariusz |date=2010 |title=Juliusz Żórawski – przerwane dzieło modernizmu |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/54804ced-801a-42be-bb8f-bd4be6e9e4c2?page=4 |trans-title=Juliusz Żórawski, the interrupted work of modernism |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Salix Alba |page=64 |isbn=978-83-930937-0-0}}</ref> Right after (1930), he designed together with Juliusz Żórawski his first project, the Atlantic movie theater in Warsaw.<ref name="BD"/>
In 1927, he was part of the management team dealing with competitions organized at the Warsaw International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art ({{lang|pl|Międzynarodowa Wystawa Sztuki Kinematograficznej, Warszawa}}).<ref>{{cite book |date=2 June 1927 |title=ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkim R.2, nr 32 |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/54804ced-801a-42be-bb8f-bd4be6e9e4c2?page=4 |trans-title=ABC: a daily magazine about everyone Vol. 2, No. 32 |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza |page=5|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>
He became also a member of the Association of Polish Architects.<ref name="in memo"/> Thanks to his brother's connections, Jerzy received military commissions from the ''Military Quartering Fund'' ({{lang|pl|Fundusz Kwaterunku Wojskowego, FKW}}) which resulted in the construction of several military residential houses, according to his designs (1929–1937).<ref name="studies"/> He created as well designs for furniture.<ref name="BD"/>
Together with Czesław Piaskowski, a Polish set designer and decorator, he created the scenography for the movie ''Rycerze mroku'' (''{{lang|en|Knights of Darkness}}''), directed by Bruno Bredschneider and Stefan Szwarc in 1932.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 June 2024 |title=RYCERZE MROKU |url=https://filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?film=22400 |trans-title=Knights of Darkness |website=filmpolski.pl |language=pl |location=Łódż |publisher=Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera w Łodzi. |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> In this period, he also designed theatre sets (operettas)<ref name="KI"/> and interiors. Namely, the interior of the ''Żywiec'' restaurant<ref>{{cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Restauracja Żywiec, 1932 |url=https://amused.github.io/2013/12/restauracja-zywiec.html |trans-title=Żywiec restaurant, 1932 |website=amused.github.io |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Nowe Ateny |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> in Warsaw was distinctive with its streamlined shapes, used in both architectural elements and furniture.<ref name="KI"/>
Thanks to his knowledge of foreign languages (French, German, Russian) and his artistic capabilities, Sonskowski travelled at length and published a number of articles in ''Tygodnik Illustrowany'' (''The Illustrated Weekly''), often with his own illustrations: Lviv (1922), Borysław oil basin (1925), Lublin (1927), Hutsulshchyna (1928), the French Riviera (1925), Czechoslovakia (1925), Denmark (1926), Amsterdam (1928), Venice (1932).<ref>{{cite book |last=Sosnkowski |first=Jerzy |date=1932 |title=Tygodnik Illustrowany |url=https://bcul.lib.uni.lodz.pl/dlibra/publication/87#structure |trans-title=Tygodnik Illustrowany |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Gebethner i Wolff|access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref>
===Second World War and post-war years=== thumb|Cover of the book "Mieszkanie przy ul. Wielkiej" Sosnkowski survived the war in occupied Warsaw. His activity during the conflict was very low: the only known works are illustrations for Józef Krysiński's thriller ''Mieszkanie przy ul. Wielka'', published in Warsaw in 1941. He was arrested by the Gestapo on charges of commanding a combat action in Radom and then released in 1944.<ref name="studies"/> In spring, the same year, his wife left to Lisbon.<ref name="PAN"/>
Released in October from a Kraków prison, he fled the advancing Red Army towards Germany in early 1945. He was arrested in Nuremberg by the 3rd American Army, identified and evacuated by plane on 27 May to Paris. Living in camps between France and England, Sosnkowski decided in the middle of 1947 to emigrate to Argentina, where he arrived on 20 July 1947, in Campaña, near Buenos Aires. In parallel, his brother, Kazimierz, had left Poland for Canada.
During his stay in exile, he first participated in Polish community life before stepping out of it. Sosnkowski lived in an unfinished house in the district of ''Aguila Blanca'' in Merlo near the capital city, financially supported by friendly neighbors. During this period, he intensively created lead drawings and watercolours on architectural themes from cities of pre-war Poland. These works are now exhibited at the Polish Library in Buenos Aires.
He died in the district of Merlo<ref name="PAN">{{cite book |last=Błaszczyk|first=Dariusz |date=2023 |title=Sosnkowski Jerzy. Słownik artystów polskich i obcych w Polsce działających (zmarłych przed 1966 r.). Malarze, rzeźbiarze, graficy. Tom XI |url=https://repozytorium.ispan.pl/dlibra/publication/50066/edition/46503/content |trans-title=Sosnkowski Jerzy. Dictionary of Polish and foreign artists active in Poland (deceased before 1966). Painters, sculptors, graphic artists. Volume XI |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Instytut Sztuki PAN |pages=494–501|access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> on 10 December 1954.<ref name="exhib">{{cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Gwiazda międzywojennej Polski w Buenos Aires |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/argentyna/gwiazda-miedzywojennej-polski-w-buenos-aires |trans-title=A star of interwar Poland in Buenos Aires |website=gov.pl |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Rzeczpospolita Polska |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref>
His achievements, architectural, design and artistic projects were presented in a multimedia exhibition organized in the ''Dom Polski-Casa Polaca'' ({{lang|en|Polish house}}), in Buenos Aires in October 2023.<ref name="exhib"/>
==Publications== thumb|Cover of "Wnetrze" magazine Nr1 1931 In 1931, he co-founded the magazine ''Wnętrze'' ({{lang|en|Interior}})<ref name="BD"/> and led it as the editor-in-chief till 1934. The aim of the publication was to promote modern, avant-garde forms, as well as to promote the best architects and designers, and to advertise professional construction companies and various manufacturers related to this field.<ref name="internity">{{cite web |date=21 January 2018 |title=Wnetrze, czasopismo z lat 300 xx w. Poswiecone nowoczesnym meblom i projektowaniu wnetrz |url=https://internityhome.pl/lifestyle/wnetrze-czasopismo-30-xx-poswiecone-nowoczesnym-meblom-projektowaniu-wnetrz/ |trans-title=Interior, a magazine from the 1930s dedicated to modern furniture and interior design |website=internityhome.pl |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Internity Home |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> Some of his articles on architecture<ref>{{cite book |last=Sosnkowski |first=Jerzy |date=14 May 1930 |title=Bez pozwolenia. Kurjer Warszawski R.110, nr 130 |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/d9195ee3-1906-46e4-9ede-48652045f18b?page=7 |trans-title=Without permission. Warsaw Courier R.110, nr 130 |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Feliks Mrozowski i Konrad Olchowicz |page=8|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> and urban space<ref>{{cite book |last=Sosnkowski |first=Jerzy |date=7 February 1937 |title=Ni to, no owo. Kurjer Warszawski R.117, nr 38 |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/73d3b45b-27ea-4c51-b518-624686a938ec?page=14 |trans-title=Neither this nor that. Warsaw Courier R.117, nr 38 |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Feliks Mrozowski i Konrad Olchowicz |pages=15–16|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> appeared in the daily ''Kurier Warszawski''. ''Wnętrze'''s last issue was published in 1936.
Sosnkowski created illustrations, cartoons and articles (more than 180)<ref name="PAN"/> for the ''Tygodnik Illustrowany'' and for ''Naokoło Świata'', a series of travel literature published by the State Publishing House "Iskra".<ref name="BD"/>
In addition, he gave serial story lectures broadcast on the radio, such as ''Urządzanie wnętrz mieszkaniowych'' ({{lang|en|Home interior design}}) in 1927<ref>{{cite book |date=8 March 1927 |title=Urządzanie wnętrz mieszkaniowych. Robotnik : organ Polskiej Partyi Socyalistycznej R.33, nr 66 |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/a7417e5a-e051-48e3-a557-f8512cff5278?page=4 |trans-title=Interior design of residential buildings. Robotnik: organ of the Polish Socialist Party R.33, nr 66 |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Rada Naczelna PPS |page=5|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> or ''Uroda miast portowych'' ({{lang|en|The beauty of port cities}}) in 1929.<ref>{{cite book |date=8 March 1927 |title=Uroda miast portowych. Kurjer Warszawski R.109, nr 328 |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/b5aae212-f491-4290-b0d8-8bec52776ec9?page=7 |trans-title=The beauty of port cities. Warsaw Courier R.109, nr 328 |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Feliks Mrozowski i Konrad Olchowicz |page=8|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref>
Sosnkowski also wrote novels, short stories or illustrated<ref>{{cite book |last=Krysiński |first=Józef |date=1941 |title=Mieszkanie przy ul. Wielkiej |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/39def465-b63d-4fab-8230-09cfd15afe9e?page=7 |trans-title=Apartment at Wielka Street |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Wydawnictwo Polskie|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> other authors books. This activity mainly happened before his architectural graduation (1929).
In his books, Sosnkowski tackled fantasy themes, writing about still undiscovered territories, or in the case of a series of short stories ''Żywe powietrze'', about monsters, threats from space beings in space and creatures resembling characters from H.P. Lovecraft novels.<ref name="NJ">{{cite book |last=Nevins |first=Jess |date=2020 |title=Horror Fiction in the 20th Century: Exploring Literature's Most Chilling Genre|location=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO |pages=73–74 |isbn=9781440862069}}</ref> In addition, his works ridiculed satirically Janusz Meissner's style.<ref name="NJ"/>
==Works and projects== ===Buildings=== thumb|"Żywiec" restaurant, interior, 1933 * ''Casino'' cinema-theatre, co-designer, at 50 Nowy Świat street, Warsaw (1926).<ref name="brata"/> * Officers' House at today's 8 Zegrzyńska street in Legionowo (1929).<ref name="in memo"/> * Officers' House in Stanisławów{{where|date=May 2025}} (1929).{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} * ''Atlantic'' movie theater in Warsaw, co-designed with Juliusz Żórawski (1930). It was the first modern sound cinema in Poland.<ref name="internity"/> * ''Żywiec'' restaurant, Warsaw (1932). * Non-Commissioned Officers' House in the Rembertów district of Warsaw (1934). * Non-Commissioned Officers' House at 10a Dymińskiego street, Żoliborz district, Warsaw (1935).<ref name="in memo"/> * Officers' Houses and commander's house in Góra Kalwaria ({{circa|1937}}) thumb|"Mary mill" store, interior, 1933
===Scenography=== * Set up for operettas at the ''Nowy Teatr'' in Warsaw: Japonka by Ralph Benatzky (March 1922), Hallali by Albert Szirmai (May 1922), ''Das Autoliebchen'' by Jean Gilbert (June 1922).<ref name="PAN"/> * Movie ''Rycerze mroku'' (1932).
===Interior designs=== * Design of Ferdinand Foch's marshal's baton, when the latter received the title of Marshal of Poland (1923).<ref name="studies"/> * ''Żywiec restaurant'' at 36 Jerozolimskie avenue, Warsaw (1932) - non existent. * Interior design for the ''MARY MILL store'' at 104 Marszałkowska street, Warsaw (1933) - non existent. * Furniture for the Polish high Military Academy (1933).
===Books=== * ''Czerwone wyłogi: szkice i obrazki'' (''{{lang|en|Red Lapels: Sketches and Pictures}}'') (1917) – a collection of short stories from his battle experiences during World War I * ''Jednodniówka akademicka'' (''{{lang|en|One-Day Academic}}'') (1918) * ''Dom filozofów'' (''{{lang|en|Philosophers' House}}'') – short stories (1923)<ref>{{cite web |last=Grudnik |first=Krzysztof |date=2024 |title=Jerzy Sosnkowski "Dom filozofów" |url=https://wydawnictwoix.pl/produkt/jerzy_sosnkowski_dom_filozofow/ |trans-title=Jerzy Sosnkowski "Philosophers' house" |language=pl |website=wydawnictwoix.pl |location=Kraków |publisher=Wydawnictwo IX |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> * ''Auto, ty i ja'' (''{{lang|en|The Car, You and Me}}'') – short stories (1925) * ''Bosman Finta'' (''{{lang|en|Boatswain Finta}}'') – dedicated to his brother Kazimierz;<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2021|title=[POLSKIE NIESAMOWITOŚCI #1] Jerzy Sosnkowski - Bosman Finta |url=https://www.milczenieliter.pl/2021/10/polskie-niesamowitosci-1-jerzy.html |trans-title=[POLISH INCREDIBILITIES #1] Jerzy Sosnkowski - Bosman Finta |language=pl |website=milczenieliter.pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Milczenie liter |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> short stories (1926) * ''Żywe powietrze'' (''{{lang|en|Living Air}}'') – novel (1926) * ''Radjomiłość'' (''{{lang|en|Radio Love}}'') – novel (1927) * ''Żywy sen'' (''{{lang|en|Living Dream}}''), ''Latający dywan'' (''{{lang|en|Flying Carpet}}''), ''Na ognistym wozie'' (''{{lang|en|On a Fiery Cart}}''), ''W kuchni wieloryba'' (''{{lang|en|In the Whale's Kitchen}}''), ''Białe Orlę'' (''{{lang|en|White Eagle}}'') and ''Krew ziemi'' (''{{lang|en|The Blood of the Earth}}'') (1928) – didactic patriotic readings included in an anthology for school youth, commissioned by the Książnica-Atlas publishing house<ref>{{cite book |last=Budrewicz |first=Zofia |date=2003 |title=Czytanka literacka w gimnazjum międzywojennym: Geneza, struktura, funkcje|trans-title=Literary reading in the interwar middle school: Genesis, structure, functions |language=pl |location=Kraków |publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej |pages=90, 92 |isbn=83-7271-198-4}}</ref>
==Personal life== * Sosnkowski was issued from the Godziemba noble family,<ref name="genei">{{cite web |last=Mila |first=Leszek |date=2 May 2022 |title=Jerzy Sosnkowski |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Jerzy-Sosnkowski/6000000011436374806 |website=geni.com|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref> whose origin goes back to the 11th century. * He was the younger brother of General Kazimierz Sosnkowski (1885–1969), a Polish independence fighter, general and diplomat. Kazimierz was a major political figure and an accomplished commander, notable in particular for his contributions during the Polish–Soviet War and World War II. After the death of General Władysław Sikorski in July 1943, Sosnkowski became commander-in-chief of the Polish Armed Forces.<ref>{{cite web |last=Łabuz|first=Mateusz |date=2024 |title=Kazimierz Sosnkowski |url=https://warhist.pl/biografie/kazimierz-sosnkowski/ |trans-title=Kazimierz Sosnkowski |language=pl |website=warhist.pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=II WOJNA ŚWIATOWA |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> * His wife, Zofia Janicka, remained in Paris after 1945, where she worked as a milliner. In 1951, she received a visa for permanent residence in Rio de Janeiro and lived there unil the beginning of the 1960s. She then moved to New York City, where died in 1965. She regularly collaborated with the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America in New York City.<ref name="brata"/> * The couple had a son, Wacław.
== See also == {{portal bar|Biography|Poland}} {{Commons category|Jerzy Sosnkowski}} * Kazimierz Sosnkowski * Juliusz Żórawski * List of Polish people
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography == * {{cite book |last=Błaszczyk |first=Dariusz |date=2023 |title=Brat generała. Jerzy Sosnkowski (1893–1954)|trans-title=The general's brother. Jerzy Sosnkowski (1893–1954) |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Fundacja Centrum Architektury|isbn=978-83-969081-3-1}} * {{cite book |last=Błaszczyk|first=Dariusz |date=2023 |title=Sosnkowski Jerzy. Słownik artystów polskich i obcych w Polsce działających (zmarłych przed 1966 r.). Malarze, rzeźbiarze, graficy. Tom XI |url=https://repozytorium.ispan.pl/dlibra/publication/50066/edition/46503/content |trans-title=Sosnkowski Jerzy. Dictionary of Polish and foreign artists active in Poland (deceased before 1966). Painters, sculptors, graphic artists. Volume XI |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Instytut Sztuki PAN |pages=494–501|access-date=19 January 2025}} * {{cite book |last=Łoza |first=Stanisław |date=1939 |title=Czy wiesz kto to jest? Uzupełnienia i sprostowania |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/5812b98c-809c-4a07-8b97-fec7bf848226?page=296 |trans-title=Do you know who this is? Additions and corrections |language=pl |location=Warsaw|publisher=Drukarnia Wydawnicza Warszawa |page=287|access-date=19 January 2025}}
==External links== * {{in lang|pl}} [https://polona.pl/sets?searchCategory=objectSets&page=0&size=24&sort=RELEVANCE&searchLike=&criteria.creator=Jerzy%20Sosnkowski List of open-access books by Jerzy Sosnkowski]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sosnkowski, Jerzy}} Category:1894 births Category:1954 deaths Category:20th-century Polish architects Category:20th-century Polish illustrators Category:20th-century Polish male artists Category:20th-century Polish male writers Category:20th-century Polish military personnel Category:20th-century Polish novelists Category:20th-century prisoners and detainees Category:20th-century short story writers Category:Architects from Buenos Aires Category:Architects from the Russian Empire Category:Architects from Warsaw Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni Category:Furniture designers Category:Lviv Polytechnic alumni Category:Male writers from the Russian Empire Category:Modernist architects Category:Novelists from the Russian Empire Category:People from Merlo Partido Category:Polish company founders Category:Polish emigrants to Argentina Category:Polish expatriates in France Category:Polish expatriates in Ukraine Category:Polish film people Category:Polish interior designers Category:Polish magazine editors Category:Polish magazine founders Category:Polish magazine illustrators Category:Polish male novelists Category:Polish male short story writers Category:Polish military officers Category:Polish prisoners and detainees Category:Polish scenic designers Category:Polish speculative fiction writers Category:Polish theatre people Category:Polish travel writers Category:Polish watercolourists Category:Recipients of the Cross of Independence Category:Residential buildings in Poland Category:Short story writers from the Russian Empire Category:Warsaw University of Technology alumni Category:Writers from Buenos Aires Category:Writers from Warsaw