Jeppesen

{{Short description|American company}} {{Other uses}} {{Infobox company | name = Jeppesen | logo = Jeppesen logo.svg | caption = | type = [[Subsidiary]] | traded_as = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = {{start date and age|1934}} | founder = {{Unbulleted list | [[Elrey Borge Jeppesen]] | [[Nadine Jeppesen]] }} | defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | location_city = [[Inverness, Colorado]] | location_country = United States | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = [[Aerospace industry|Aerospace]] | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = 3,200 | parent = [[Thoma Bravo]] | divisions = | subsid = | website = {{Official URL}} | footnotes = | intl = }}

'''Jeppesen''' (also known as '''Jeppesen Sanderson''') is an American company offering navigational information, operations planning tools, flight planning products and software. Jeppesen's aeronautical navigation [[Aeronautical charts|charts]] are often called "Jepp charts" or simply "Jepps" by pilots, due to the charts' popularity. This popularity extends to electronic charts, which are increasingly favored over paper charts by pilots and mariners as mobile computing devices, electronic flight bags, integrated electronic bridge systems and other display devices become more common and readily available.

Jeppesen is headquartered in [[Inverness, Colorado]],<ref name=CDPmap>"[https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st08_co/place/p0838910_inverness/DC10BLK_P0838910_001.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Inverness CDP, CO]" [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on April 7, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.globest.com/news/5_77/denver/Jeppesen-Sanderson-Signs-Lease-in-Inverness-111405-1.html |title= Jeppesen Sanderson Signs Lease in Inverness |website= GlobeSt.com |access-date= 2015-02-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150224005251/http://www.globest.com/news/5_77/denver/Jeppesen-Sanderson-Signs-Lease-in-Inverness-111405-1.html |archive-date= 2015-02-24 |url-status= dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224005251/http://www.globest.com/news/5_77/denver/Jeppesen-Sanderson-Signs-Lease-in-Inverness-111405-1.html |date=2015-02-24 }}</ref> a [[census-designated place]] in [[Arapahoe County, Colorado|Arapahoe County]]. The postal designation of [[Englewood, Colorado|Englewood]] is used in the company's mailing address.<ref name="Jeppesen">{{cite web |url= http://www.jeppesen.com/company/about-us.jsp |title= Jeppesen: About Us |website= Jeppesen |quote= "We are headquartered in Englewood, Colorado and have offices located around the world." |access-date= 2010-02-04 |archive-date= 2022-04-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220421213358/https://ww2.jeppesen.com/company/about-us.jsp |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jeppesen has offices in locations around the world, including [[Neu-Isenburg]] (Germany), [[Massa, Tuscany|Massa]] (Italy), [[Crawley]] (United Kingdom), [[Gothenburg]] (Sweden), [[Canberra]] (Australia) and [[Gdańsk]] (Poland). The company employs approximately 3,200 people.<ref name="jeppesen-today">[http://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=brief_today.jsp Jeppesen: About Us: Today] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027111515/https://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=brief_today.jsp |date=2007-10-27 }}. Retrieved 2007-11-28.</ref>

== History == [[File:Jeppesen Sanderson Inc Flight Computer-IMG 5819-gradient.jpg|thumb|A Jeppesen Sanderson flight computer, on display at the [[MIT Museum]].]]

The company was founded in 1934 by [[Elrey Borge Jeppesen]], a pilot working for [[Varney Air Lines]], who was the first to make aeronautical charts for pilots to navigate in flight. The information that he collected and the charts that he drew were at first only for personal use, but fellow pilots quickly saw the benefits of using these charts, and Jeppesen started selling copies of his chart book for $10. Other pilots started to collect data on their own routes and gave it to Jeppesen for him to include in his navigation book.<ref>Robert Goyer, ''The Chart Is Dead'', [[Flying (magazine)|Flying]], September 2011, p. 8</ref> Jeppesen's wife, former flight attendant [[Nadine Jeppesen]], was also important to the company's early years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nadine Jeppesen|url=https://www.wai.org/pioneers/1995/nadine-jeppesen|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Women in Aviation International|archive-date=2021-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206184234/https://www.wai.org/pioneers/1995/nadine-jeppesen|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[United Airlines]], the airline for which Jeppesen worked in the late 1930s, was one of the first airlines to start using Jeppesen's charts. After a while, the chart business started taking up so much of Jeppesen's time that he quit his job as a [[Pilot in command|captain]] and focused his energy on making charts.<ref>''Flying''</ref>

The terminal at the then-under-construction [[Denver International Airport]] was named in honor of Jeppesen in February 1991.

;1940s In 1941, Jeppesen moved the company from [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], to [[Denver, Colorado]].<ref name="jeppesen-background">[http://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=brief_background.jsp Jeppesen: About Us: Background] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023220420/https://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=brief_background.jsp |date=2007-10-23 }}. Retrieved 2007-11-28</ref>

In 1947, Jeppesen and the [[United States government role in civil aviation#Civil Aeronautics Authority|Civil Aeronautics Administration]] (CAA) collaborated to introduce standard [[instrument approach]] procedures and to establish the National Flight Data Center.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline">[http://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=timeline.html Jeppesen: About Us: Timeline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118191723/http://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=about&content=timeline.html |date=2007-11-18 }}. Retrieved 2007-11-28</ref>

'''1957''', Jeppesen expanded to Europe by opening an office in [[Frankfurt]], Germany to provide services to customers in Europe and beyond.

'''1961''', The company was purchased by the Times-Mirror Company (parent company of the [[Los Angeles Times]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=McDougal|first=Dennis|author-link=Dennis McDougal|title=Privileged Son: Otis Chandler and the Rise and Fall of the L.A. Times Dynasty|year=2001|publisher=Da Capo Press|page=231}}</ref>

;1970s In 1973, Jeppesen NavData® was first used commercially in [[Flight management system|flight management computer guidance systems (FMCGS)]].

In 1974, Jeppesen entered the flight training business when Times-Mirror merged it with Sanderson Films.<ref name="jeppesen-background" />

;1980s Jeppesen began a series of acquisitions that added to its product and service offerings: * Bottlang Airfield Manual added visual flight rules (VFR) approach and airport information for Europe;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" /> * Icarus, which became OpsData, added runway and performance analysis, used to plan and optimize aircraft takeoff and landing performance.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 1989, Jeppesen purchased Lockheed DataPlan, a flight planning and weather services company.

=== 1990s === Between 1990 and 1995, Jeppesen expanded globally by opening offices in Australia and China to serve customers in the Asia-Pacific region, and continued to expand through acquisition by purchasing TannGuide, which became the JeppGuide airport directory; Aircraft Performance Unlimited (APU), which became part of OpsData; and International Aviation Publishers, which created aviation maintenance training manuals;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 1996, Jeppesen introduced JeppView, which provided a complete, worldwide library of terminal aeronautical charts on CD-ROM;

In 1996, Jeppesen acquired MentorPlus, a maker of PC-based aviation and marine moving map and flight planning applications;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 1998 Jeppesen introduced Internet-based delivery of NavData updates.

=== 2000s === In 2000, Jeppesen purchased Nobeltec, Inc., a [[Portland, Oregon]]-based company that provides marine navigation software and charts;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2000, Jeppesen was acquired by [[Boeing|The Boeing Company]]. Boeing bought Jeppesen from the [[Tribune Media|Tribune Company]], which had acquired Times-Mirror and was selling off its non-core assets;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" /><ref>" . . the folks who run the company (which is owned in a supportive and smartly hands-off way by Boeing) call themselves a data company."''Flying''</ref>

In 2002, Jeppesen's first commercial electronic flight bag and Internet-based chart delivery were introduced;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2003, Jeppesen became the first commercial organization to be certified by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] as a Qualified Internet Communications Provider (QICP);<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2004, Jeppesen acquired SBS International, a [[New York City]]-based provider of crew scheduling services. Jeppesen acquired SBS through an arrangement with Boeing, which had purchased SBS in 2001;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2006, Jeppesen purchased Carmen Systems, a provider of crew scheduling and disruption management software. The company was headquartered in [[Gothenburg]], Sweden, and had some 300 employees.<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060303a_nr.html Boeing to Acquire Carmen Systems] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023024033/http://boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060303a_nr.html |date=2007-10-23 }}. Boeing News Release. March 3, 2006</ref> Jeppesen quickly consolidated Carmen and SBS product offerings and locations;

In 2007, Jeppesen purchased C-MAP, a provider of digital maritime cartography, data services and other navigational information. C-MAP became part of Jeppesen's marine division. It has operations in [[Italy]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Norway]], [[Greece]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[India]], [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Australia]] and the [[United States]];<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060303a_nr.html Boeing Concludes Purchase of C-Map to Grow Jeppesen Marine Business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023024033/http://boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060303a_nr.html |date=2007-10-23 }}. Boeing News Release. January 30, 2007</ref>

In 2008, Jeppesen purchased Ocean Systems, Inc., an [[Alameda, California]]-based provider of vessel and voyage optimization solutions for commercial marine operations;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2008, Jeppesen received FAA approval for its Airport Moving Map application for Class 2 [[electronic flight bag]]s;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2009, Jeppesen received FAA approval to design and validate required navigation performance (RNP) procedures in the United States;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2009, Jeppesen sold its Nobeltec product line to Signet USA.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

=== 2010s === In 2010, Jeppesen received approval from the [[Civil Aviation Safety Authority]] of Australia to design, validate and maintain both required navigation performance and conventional instrument approach procedures;<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2010, Jeppesen was named the 2010 INFORMS Prize winner for its organization-wide use of operations research.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2012, Jeppesen-designed arrival procedures are rolled out for [[Denver International Airport]].<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2013, Jeppesen introduces Mobile FlightDeck VFR for general aviation pilots.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2013, Jeppesen concludes sale of journey planning business to SilverRail Technologies.<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2014, Jeppesen rolls out FliteDeck Pro for [[Windows 8]].<ref name="jeppesen-timeline" />

In 2016, Jeppesen sold its Marine Division to Digital Marine Solutions. This includes the C-Map brand name and all products and services. This effectively ends Jeppesen's investment in the Marine Industry.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/digital-marine-solutions-to-acquire-the-marine-division-of-jeppesen-300236708.html Digital Marine Solutions to Acquire the Marine Division of Jeppesen] Press Release 16 March 16</ref>

In 2017, Jeppesen announced an alliance with [[ForeFlight]] to integrate electronic Jeppesen charts with [[ForeFlight]] Mobile, a leading electronic flight bag application.

=== 2020s === In late 2022, Jeppesen was one of two Boeing subsidiaries affected by a cyber attack. Jeppesen's services were down for 8 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title='Cyber incident' affected flight planning |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2022/november/09/cyber-incident-affected-flight-planning |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thurber |first=Matt |title=Jeppesen Planning, Chart Products Suffer 'Technical Issues' |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2022-11-04/jeppesen-planning-chart-products-suffer-technical-issues |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Aviation International News |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2025, Jeppesen was sold to the private equity firm [[Thoma Bravo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thurber |first=Matt |title=Jeppesen Planning, Chart Products Suffer 'Technical Issues' |url=https://investors.boeing.com/investors/news/press-release-details/2025/Boeing-to-Sell-Portions-of-Digital-Aviation-Solutions-to-Thoma-Bravo-for-10-55-Billion/default.aspx |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Aviation International News |language=en}}</ref>

== Alleged involvement with CIA extraordinary rendition flights == {{See also|Mohamed et al. v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc.}}

On October 23, 2006, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' reported that Jeppesen handled the logistical planning for the CIA's [[extraordinary rendition]] flights. The allegation was based on information from an ex-employee who quoted Bob Overby, the company's managing director, as saying, "We do all of the extraordinary rendition flights—you know, the torture flights. Let's face it, some of these flights end up that way. It certainly pays well." The article went on to suggest that this may make Jeppesen a potential defendant in a lawsuit by [[Khalid El-Masri]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/talk/content/articles/061030ta_talk_mayer |title=The C.I.A.'s Travel Agent |first=Jane |last= Mayer |magazine= [[The New Yorker]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061130085748/http://www.newyorker.com/talk/content/articles/061030ta_talk_mayer |archive-date= 2006-11-30 |date= 2006-10-23}}</ref>

Jeppesen was named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) on May 30, 2007, on behalf of several others who were allegedly subject to extraordinary rendition. The suit was dismissed in February 2008 on a motion from the United States government on the basis that proceeding with the case would reveal state secrets and endanger relations with other nations that had cooperated.<ref>{{cite news |title=ACLU lawsuit against Jeppesen dismissed|url= http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/feb/14/lawsuit-dismissed-claiming-jeppesen-aided-cia/ |work= Rocky Mountain News |date= February 14, 2008 |access-date= 2010-02-04}}</ref>

On May 16, 2011, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] declined to review the decision of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]] to dismiss the case.<ref>{{citation |title=Order List 563 U.S. |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/051611zor.pdf |date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2011}}</ref>

== Other flight support providers == * [[Air Routing International]] * [[Lufthansa Systems]] * [[Universal Weather and Aviation]] * [[Navtech|Navblue]]

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == * {{Official website}} * [https://archive.today/20130130055031/http://cms.nobeltec.com/ Nobeltec, Inc.] * [https://www.academia.edu/40761485/Jeppesen_aviation_dictionary Jeppesen The AVIATION DICTIONARY for pilots and aviation technicians]

{{Boeing}} {{Authority control}}

[[Category:Boeing mergers and acquisitions]] [[Category:Navigational equipment manufacturers]] [[Category:Avionics companies]] [[Category:Companies based in Arapahoe County, Colorado]] [[Category:Flight planning]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Colorado]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1934]] [[Category:Technology companies established in 1934]] [[Category:American companies established in 1934]] [[Category:1934 establishments in Utah]] [[Category:1961 mergers and acquisitions]] [[Category:2000 mergers and acquisitions]]