{{Short description|Austrian engine manufacturer}} {{Infobox company | name = | logo = Logo INNIO Jenbacher Waukesha.png | type = GmbH & Co. OHG | genre = | fate = | predecessor = Jenbacher Werke AG | successor = | foundation = 1959 | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Jenbach | location_country = Austria | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = [[Cogeneration]], [[peaking power plant]]s, [[biogas]] energy, [[Firedamp|mine gas]] management | products = [[Reciprocating engine]]s, [[Engine-generator|generator sets]] | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{url|https://www.innio.com}} | footnotes = | intl = }} '''INNIO Jenbacher''' designs and manufactures [[gas engine]]s and [[cogeneration]] modules in the Austrian town of [[Jenbach]] in [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]]. It is part of the INNIO portfolio of products and is one of their gas engine technologies; the other being [[Waukesha Engines]]. Jenbacher emerged from the former '''Jenbacher Werke''', which was founded in 1959 and manufactured gas and [[diesel engine]]s, and locomotives. The company was bought out by [[General Electric]] in 2003. In November 2018 the company became part of INNIO as part of an acquisition of Advent International and was renamed '''INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & Co. OHG'''.
== History == [[File:JenbacherWerke.jpg|thumb|Company building in [[Jenbach]]]] Although the company itself has a relatively short history, its origins go far back. In 1487, a mine and foundry was founded by the [[Fugger]] family. In 1657, all Fugger properties in Tyrol were taken over by the state. Due to exhaustion of the copper and silver deposits, the mine changed its focus to iron. The company was acquired by Julius and Theodor Reitlinger in 1881. In 1909, the mine ran out of iron as well, and after a boom during the First World War only the foundry was left. In 1914, Friedrich Reitlinger took over the factory after the death of Julius Reitlinger, making it a state-protected company at the start of the First World War. In 1938, shortly after Austria's annexation to the National Socialist German Reich, he committed suicide with his daughter after being held captive in his home by the National Socialists. The company was confiscated and Aryanized for the benefit of the state of Tyrol. At the beginning of [[World War II]], all of Tyrol was seized and Aryanized, and the company was to 'work for the benefit of the country'. The plant made [[brake pad]]s for the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn]], and from 1939 they made [[airframe]] parts and rocket motors in [[Jenbach#History|Jenbach]] (some to liquid-fueled [[Messerschmitt Me 163|aircraft]] rocket engine designs from [[Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft|Hellmuth Walter KG]]) for [[Heinkel]] as the licensee. The plant thus became the largest armaments factory in Tyrol. There was massive use of Nazi forced labor: two thirds of the 3,000 employees were forced laborers. [2] A women's camp, which was a subcamp of the Reichenau labor education camp under the control of the Gestapo, was located at the Jenbacher Heinkel-Werke. The Ukrainian forced laborer Eugenia Kaser reports deplorable conditions in the camp. In 1945 it was occupied by the American army. After the collapse at the end of the Second World War the factory was placed under public administration. It had to be converted to civilian production, and started out with [[cookware]], but also started with the repair of railway wagons.
Because of the availability of appropriate specialists and skilled workers, it was decided to concentrate on the production of [[diesel engine]]s. The first product was a 15 hp two-stroke engine, which was very successful and was manufactured in large quantities. This was followed by more two-stroke and four stroke models of engine. The JW 15, 8 TO 15 Hp; the JW20, 15 to 20 Hp; and the JW20M, the same engine, but with inertial mass damping to counteract the vibrations of the single cylinder. The company was now pushed to develop generators, compressors and pumps of the same quality.
In 1959 the company was constituted as Jenbacher Werke AG, the main shareholders being [[Creditanstalt]] with 35% and [[Mannesmann]] with 26%, the rest being [[free float]]. Creditanstalt increased its share steadily and after the purchase of Mannesmann's share through the CA-controlled [[Andritz AG]] they acquired a vast majority of the share capital. In 1979, 1,550 people were employed at the plant. In 1988 the majority of the company was acquired by Auricon Beteiligungs AG.<ref>[http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Auricon_Beteiligungs_AG_acquires_Jenbacher_Werke_from_Unicredito_Italiano_SpA-44403 Auricon Beteiligungs AG acquires Jenbacher Werke from Unicredito Italiano SpA - December 29, 1989 - M&A Deal Snapshot - AlacraStore.com]</ref> In 1991 it was organized into the Jenbacher Energy Systems AG (JES) and the Jenbacher Transport Systems Ltd. (JTS) divisions. In the same year, JTS acquired 29.9% of the British company Telfos Holding, which gave the company an influence on [[Ganz]]-Hunslet, the former Hungarian locomotive works Ganz-[[MÁVAG]].<ref>[http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Jenbacher_Werke_acquires_a_minority_stake_in_Telfos_Holdings_PLC-52283 Jenbacher Werke acquires a minority stake in Telfos Holdings PLC - November 5, 1991 - M&A Deal Snapshot - AlacraStore.com]</ref> On December 12, 1991, JTS attained majority share capital of Telfos,<ref>[http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Jenbacher_Werke_launches_a_tender_offer_for_Telfos_Holdings_PLC-44618 Jenbacher Werke launches a tender offer for Telfos Holdings PLC - December 12, 1991 - M&A Deal Snapshot - AlacraStore.com]</ref> and bought out [[General Electric]]'s remaining share in 1993.<ref>[http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Jenbacher_Werke_launches_a_tender_offer_for_Telfos_Holdings_PLC-44618 Jenbacher Transportsysteme AG acquires remaining interest in Telfos Holdings AG from GE - December 13, 1993 - M&A Deal Snapshot - AlacraStore.com]</ref> In 1997, Jenbacher attempted to enter the [[tram]] market with help from [[AEG (German company)|AEG]] through a Jenbacher daughter company called Integral Verkehrstechnik AG Jenbach. Integral lost over 22 million [[Euro]]s from 1997 to 2001, and led to the sale of the Jenbacher rail car division to [[Veolia Verkehr|Connex]].<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Austria-Germany-No-more-Integral-trains-from-Austria-US-MEXICO-JENBACHER-PLANNING-INVESTMENT.html Austria/Germany: No more Integral trains from Austria]</ref> In 1998 Jenbacher started its relationship with [[Clarke Energy]] which is now one of its largest gas engine distributors,<ref>[http://www.clarke-energy.co.uk/history.html Clarke Energy History]. www.clarke-energy.com, Accessed 1st April 2011</ref> The remaining gas engine-energy division was acquired by General Electric in 2003.<ref>[http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/GE_Power_Systems_acquires_Jenbacher_Werke_from_Auricon_Beteiligungs_AG-340776 GE Power Systems acquires Jenbacher Werke from Auricon Beteiligungs AG - May 12, 2003 - M&A Deal Snapshot - AlacraStore.com]</ref> In 2018 GE sold its Jenbacher and Waukesha brands to the private equity company Advent International which created the new company INNIO.<ref>[https://www.innio.com/en/news-media/media-center/press-release/official-press-release-en Innio Press Release]</ref>
In 2020, Innio takes over<ref>{{Cite web |last=Achrainer |first=Thomas |date=2020-11-04 |title=INNIO Acquires ECI-Distribution, PowerUp |url=https://www.powerprogress.com/news/innio-acquires-eci-distribution-powerup/7012406.article |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Power Progress |language=en}}</ref> the spare parts manufacturer and gas engine service specialist PowerUP,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Achrainer |first=Thomas |title=More efficiency for Jenbacher® and MWM® gas engines |url=https://www.powerup.at/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> which was founded in 2016 by former Innio employees.
== Rail cars == Jenbacher's railway activities started in 1945, when they started performing repairs of [[rolling stock]] for the French occupation forces.<ref name="Christopher">{{cite web |author=Andreas Christopher |url= http://www.achristo.homepage.t-online.de/HerstJW.htm |title=Jenbacher-Werke |work=Bahnen → Fahrzeughersteller |access-date=2010-03-10 }}</ref> In 1949, they started making diesel engines, [[power car]]s, trucks and compressors powered by the aforementioned engines.<ref name="Christopher"/> In addition, they made rail cars for the [[Austrian Federal Railways]] and other railroad companies.
[[File:ÖBB 5047 089-7 in Eisenstadt.jpg|thumb|[[ÖBB Class 5047]]]]
Jenbacher Werke designated their locomotives according to a system derived from the type of power transmission, approximate performance, wheel arrangement or application and the operating weight. The ÖBB series 2060 was therefore the work designation DH200B28. The other models carried the name JW.<ref name="Christopher"/> The Railway engineering department was taken over by [[Molinari Rail]].
== Company profile and products == [[File:Bhkwgasmotor.jpg|thumb|A Jenbacher gas engine running on [[biofuel|biogas]] (bio-methane) in [[Güssing]], Austria]] Jenbacher currently specializes in [[lean burn]] [[gas engine]]s, including [[cogeneration]] plants and [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|containerized]] [[Engine-generator|power generator sets]] utilizing said gas engines. Jenbacher began producing gas engines in 1957.
Jenbacher's main facility still resides in Jenbach in Austria, and employs over 1400 workers. Jenbacher manufactures the gas engines from the ground-up at this facility, including in-house [[crankshaft]]s.
Jenbacher gas engines are exclusively [[Otto cycle]] units with industrial grade [[spark plug]]s providing ignition.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} Smaller models utilize [[stoichiometric]] combustion, while the larger engines are [[Lean burn#Heavy-duty gas engines|lean burn]] engines with prechamber ignition.
Jenbacher engines run on [[natural gas]], [[landfill gas]], [[sewage gas]], [[biogas]], [[mine gas]], [[coal gas]], [[syngas]] and [[hydrogen]]. Due to this flexibility they are often used in applications where gas would normally be [[flare]]d off or released into the atmosphere, to turn waste into energy. [[Methane]] has a much higher [[global warming potential]] than CO<sub>2</sub>,<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100124013228/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/methane-global-warming-potential.html Methane Global Warming Potential]}}</ref> and it is therefore interesting for operators to burn gas in engines instead of releasing it into the atmosphere. Further applications include data centers, greenhouses or heat & power units for industrial use.<ref>{{cite web |title=Industries & Applications |url=https://www.innio.com/en/industries |website=INNIO Jenbacher Waukesha |access-date=1 April 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413215147/https://www.innio.com/en/industries |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are also offered as containerised units.
=== Jenbacher J920 FleXtra === The Jenbacher J920 FleXtra is Jenbacher's newest product, a [[V20 engine|V20]] gas engine delivering up to 9.5 MW (12,915 PS).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/j920.htm |title=GE Energy - Jenbacher J920 |access-date=2011-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102153148/http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/j920.htm |archive-date=2011-01-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> When it is put into production it will be Jenbachers most efficient gas engine available with an [[electrical efficiency]] of 48.7%,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ge-j920gasengine.com/ |title=Jenbacher J920 - New Power Generation Technology - GE Energy |access-date=2011-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314210935/http://ge-j920gasengine.com/ |archive-date=2011-03-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a [[combined heat and power]] [[thermal efficiency]] of over 90%.
The J920 uses [[Miller cycle]] valve timing and [[Twin-turbo#Staged turbos|two-stage turbocharging]], along with a 'three-module' construction consisting of the engine itself, the [[electrical generator]] and the turbocharging unit consisting of both [[turbocharger]]s and [[charge air cooler]]s along with intake and exhaust piping and bypass valves. In common with most current [[marine propulsion|marine diesel engines]], the J920 has a segmented [[camshaft]], along with combining individual [[cylinder head]]s, the [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder liner]], [[piston]] and [[connecting rod]] into one easily removable [[Modularity|modular]] 'power unit' for ease of [[Maintenance, repair, and operations|maintenance and overhaul]].
== See also == *[[Clarke Energy]]
== References == {{Reflist}}
=== Literature === * Franz Mathis: ''Big Business in Österreich''. Verlag für Geschicht und Politik, Wien 1986, {{ISBN|3-7028-0256-8}} * [[Sepp Tezak]]: ''Die Jenbacher Werke''. In: ''Schienenverkehr aktuell''. 1988/4, S. 12 * Helmut Petrovitsch: ''Lokomotiven aus Tirol. Chronik des Schienenfahrzeugbaues der Jenbacher Werke AG''. In: ''Schienenverkehr aktuell''. 1987/12 – 1990/6 (20 Teile)
== External links == * [https://www.innio.com/en INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & CO OG] * [https://www.innio.com/en/products/jenbacher/j920-flextra Jenbacher J920 - New Power Generation Technology - INNIO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111225859/https://www.innio.com/en/products/jenbacher/j920-flextra |date=2021-01-11 }} * [http://www.clarke-energy.com Clarke Energy - GE Jenbacher Distributor and Service Partner]
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[[Category:Electrical generation engine manufacturers]] [[Category:Gas engine manufacturers]] [[Category:Engine manufacturers of Austria]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1959]] [[Category:1950s establishments in Austria]] [[Category:2003 mergers and acquisitions]] [[Category:General Electric acquisitions]] [[Category:Austrian brands]] [[Category:Companies based in Tyrol (state)]] [[Category:2018 mergers and acquisitions]]