Jemma Geoghegan

{{Short description|Scottish-born evolutionary virologist in New Zealand}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=January 2018}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Jemma Geoghegan | other_names = | honorific_suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_place = [[Cupar]], [[Fife]], Scotland | birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|18|2004|12|26}} | death_date =  | death_place = | education = | fields = Genome sequencing | workplaces = [[Macquarie University]]<br>[[University of Otago]] | alma_mater = [[University of Otago]] | thesis_title = Modelling selection under soft inheritance | thesis_url = https://otago.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/m1v3fl/OTAGO_ALMA21123773530001891 | thesis_year = 2012 | doctoral_advisor = [[Hamish Spencer]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = {{unbulleted list|Research on:| [[Evolutionary biology]]| [[Virology]]| [[Infectious diseases]]| [[Metagenomics]] }} | influences = | influenced = | awards = | spouse =  | partner =  | children = | signature =  | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }}

'''Jemma Louise Geoghegan''' (born {{Birth based on age as of date|18|2004|12|26|noage=1}}){{R|Early life}} is a Scottish-born evolutionary [[virologist]], based at the [[University of Otago]], New Zealand, who specialises in researching emerging [[infectious diseases]] and the use of [[metagenomics]] to trace the evolution of [[viruses]]. As a leader in several government-funded research projects, Geoghegan became the public face of [[genomic sequencing]] during New Zealand's response to [[COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand|COVID-19]]. Her research has contributed to the discussion about the likely cause of COVID-19 and the challenges around predicting pandemics. She was a recipient of the Young Tall Poppy Award in 2017, a [[Rutherford Discovery Fellowship]] in 2020, and the 2021 [[Prime Minister's Science Prizes|Prime Minister's Emerging Scientist Prize]].

==Early life and education== Geoghegan was born and raised in [[Cupar]], Scotland. She was accepted into the [[University of Strathclyde]], [[Glasgow]], but in 2004 took a year off school before starting her university studies to work as a volunteer teacher in [[Baddegama]], [[Sri Lanka]].{{R|Early life}} At the age of 18, she returned to the University of Strathclyde and completed her [[Bachelor of Science]] ([[Honours degree|Honours]]) in [[Genetics]], specialising in [[Forensic Biology]] in 2009.{{R|Gorman}} She received a scholarship to do a doctorate at the [[University of Otago]] and moved to [[New Zealand]]. She was offered the opportunity to do the [[PhD]] by Professor [[Hamish Spencer]], who said he "chose Geoghegan for the post because of her 'interesting' background."{{R|Gorman}} On completion of her PhD in evolutionary biology in 2012,<ref>{{Cite Q|Q111965714|type=Doctoral thesis}}</ref> Geoghegan went to New York where she worked with a group at [[New York University]] that was focused on [[HIV]]. In 2013 she moved to Australia and worked as a [[postdoctoral research fellow]] at the [[University of Sydney]] from 2013 to 2017, before getting her own laboratory at [[Macquarie University]].{{R|Early life}}

==Career== Geoghegan worked as a lecturer at Macquarie University from 2017 to 2020.{{R|Job titles}} In 2017 for her research as an evolutionary biologist, she received the Tall Young Poppy Award.{{R|Recognition 2017}}

Since 2020 Geoghegan has been a [[senior lecturer]] in the [[University of Otago]]'s [[microbiology]] and [[immunology]] department and an associate senior scientist at the [[Institute of Environmental Science and Research]] (ESR). In August 2023 she was promoted to the Webster Family Chair in Viral Pathogenesis at Otago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New prestigious role for Professor Jemma Geoghegan |url=https://www.otago.ac.nz/news/news/otago0246760.html |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807040455if_/https://www.otago.ac.nz/news/news/otago0246760.html|archive-date=7 August 2023|access-date=2023-08-07 |website=University of Otago |language=en-nz}}</ref>

==Genome sequencing== ===Public profile=== Geoghegan has been described as one of New Zealand's "standout communicators... one of the faces of this country's COVID-19 genome sequencing efforts."{{R|Early life}} Writing in [[The Spinoff]], the New Zealand-based scientist [[Siouxsie Wiles]] acknowledged Geoghegan as "one of the people behind New Zealand's incredible efforts to sequence all the strains of the virus we get here."{{R|Siouxsie Wiles Nov 2020}} Wiles also recommended that those interested in learning more about genome sequencing should check out research being developed by a team that included Geoghegan.{{R|Wiles 13 August 2020}} The paper for this research was later published on 11 December 2020.{{R|Research Dec 2020}} The Guardian acknowledged Geoghegan as "one of the scientists leading work to analyse genomic sequences of the virus."{{R|Guardian article April 2021}}

When Britain decided in July 2021 to lift all public health restrictions following [[lockdowns]] during COVID-19 despite only half of the population being vaccinated, Geoghegan shared the concerns of [[Siouxsie Wiles]], [[Ashley Bloomfield]] and [[Julie Anne Genter]] that this was likely to lead to more dangerous virus variants circulating worldwide, undermining vaccination programmes. She said this was "''[training]'' the virus to escape vaccine-induced immunity", and the country needed a higher threshold of vaccination to deal with the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]].{{R|UK experiment comment}}

In January 2022 as the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]] began circulating New Zealand and it appeared that there would be a further [[mutation]], BA.2,{{R|BA2}} Geoghegan noted that "the new mutation is largely found through genome sequencing as only certain types of PCR (nasal swab) tests pick up the subtle differences between Delta and BA.2...[but that]...people who are fully [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccinated]] with [[Booster dose|boosters]] were "effectively protected" against the new variant.{{R|Effective protection}} By June 2022 it was widely held that Omicron would likely become [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] in New Zealand. Considering the implications of this, one commentator wrote, "the only determinants of how many people will be sickened, disabled or killed by the virus are its evolutionary leaps and our actions to shape its environment."{{R|Evolution of new variants}} Geoghegan agreed that the host and the virus are in an "evolutionary arms race where they keep changing to try and beat each other", but noted it is difficult to predict how the virus could change as new variants attempt to evade immunity from vaccination or prior infection. She said factors such as "rapidly replicating and infecting cells inside a chronic, immunocompromised person...[or]...a recombination of different variants, perhaps in an animal host" could affect this.{{R|Evolution of new variants}}

===Debate on the causes of COVID-19=== In early 2020, when questions were being asked about the causes of the coronavirus pandemic, Geoghegan was asked on [[7 News]], as a scientist whose "expertise focuses on the area where animals and humans meet", if and how COVID-19 had jumped from animals to humans. She explained that bats do contain viruses similar to COVID-19, but to confirm they were "genetically related", it was necessary to look at the "genetic signatures" in the virus.{{R|7 News April 2020}} In 2018 Geoghegan had participated in a research study that used a metagenomics lens to show by examination of the genome sequencing of viruses in fish as the ancestors of all vertebrates, how a virus can spread and evolve through time and space, confirming it exists in nature and not necessarily made by humans.{{R|Research on fish 2018}} She has noted that the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is closely related to other viruses that are present in nature and that as a new [[SARS]] virus, the coronavirus was likely to have taken a similar route to that which caused the [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS outbreak in 2003]] when it was spread from live animals to humans. Geoghegan concluded, "human interactions with live animals make a host jump more likely to occur, and live animal markets are a massive source of these interactions."{{R|ABC article April 2020}}

===Predicting viruses=== Geoghegan published an article in the Australasian Science Journal (2016) that researched the role of biological factors such as the size, structure and mode of transmission of viruses in predicting their risk of being transmissible amongst humans.{{R|Predicting Pandemics 2016}} In the same year she collaborated on research with [[Edward C. Holmes|Edward Holmes]] that explores whether viruses could be predicted.{{R|2017 research on predicting}} When discussing the research with [[Ed Yong]] at [[The Atlantic]], Geoghegan said prediction is difficult because of the vast number of viruses and supported the conclusions of another scientist, Kristian Anderson, from [[Scripps Research]] Institute when he said it was "simply impossible...''[to predict]''...whether a newly discovered animal virus could jump into humans and cause a pandemic."{{R|Yong article}} In the article, Geoghagen argued that it is best to identify "fault lines" where animals and people interact. Yong concluded: "The kind of surveillance that Geoghagen, Andersen, and others are calling for...''[is]''...vital."{{R|Yong article}} In May 2020, Geoghegan told [[The Sydney Morning Herald]], that the best way to gain knowledge of possible prediction of viruses is to fund surveillance of people, particularly in places where they interact with live animals and identify the "risk zones"{{R|Morning Herald May 2020}} Introduced by [[Kate Hawkesby]] on [[Newstalk ZB]] as "an expert in genome sequencing", Geoghegan explained that when a virus jumps from person to person, it creates a new mutation that could be tracked in terms of origin and possible spread in the community.{{R|Hawkesby interview}}

===Avian influenza=== In August 2023, Geoghegan co-authored an article warning new strains of [[avian influenza]] (known as bird flu) were causing a worldwide [[panzootic]] amongst aquatic birds, with [increasingly common] "spillovers to non-avian hosts such as mammals".{{R|Geoghegan and French}} The article noted that as of 2023 there had been no cases of the variants in New Zealand, but cautioned the country was vulnerable because of the high number of migratory birds that come each year, some of which may experience asymptomatic infections. The authors noted that New Zealand had little surveillance of active viruses in wildlife and suggested a series of steps the country could take to be prepared for incursions. These would include raising awareness when there are unexpected deaths of animals, increasing targeting of known pathogens and maximising the use of the "viral genomics capabilities...established during COVID-19."{{R|Geoghegan and French}}

==Selected research projects==

===Institute of Environmental Science and Research=== In May 2020 as a result of a collaboration between Otago University and the [[Institute of Environmental Science and Research]] (ESR), Geoghegan was allocated $600,000 from the [[Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment]] (MBIE) COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund. Her role was to lead an international team of scientists to sequence the genomes of all of New Zealand's positive COVID-19 cases and track how the virus spread across New Zealand.{{R|MBEI grant May 2020}} By August 2020, the team was able to show genomic sequencing confirming that the origin of the virus in New Zealand was from overseas, and was mostly spread within the country at social gatherings.{{R|Early work with ESR}} When [[Auckland]] had another community [[outbreak]] of the virus in August 2020, Geoghegan told [[Kathryn Ryan]] on [[RNZ National]] that the work she was involved in with the [[Institute of Environmental Science and Research|ESR]] could identify which [[quarantine]] facility or border outpost the virus had originated from and compare the genomes of the new cases to the ones from the "managed-isolation facilities", or from around the world.{{R|13 August on Nine to Noon}} In a podcast Geoghegan explained how genome sequencing worked and that internationally the data gathered was being shared as a rapid response to COVID-19.{{R|Newsroom podcast}} Following the second outbreak of the virus in the New Zealand community in August 2020, Geoghegan said:<blockquote>It is vital that genomics is part of this response to enable us to track where these cases may have arisen and to estimate the size and number of clusters present...''[and]''...by comparing the virus genomes from these cases to those from both the quarantine facilities and the global population, we can determine their likely origin and how long they have been circulating in the community.{{R|Cluster in August 2020}}</blockquote> In November 2020, when an aircrew member who had arrived in New Zealand from overseas tested positive, Geoghegan reiterated the importance of genome sequencing to establish whether the virus related to local or global infections and the likelihood that transmission of the cases occurred during the flight.{{R|Testing air crew member}}

===Rutherford Discovery Fellowship=== On 22 October 2020, the [[Royal Society Te Aparangi]] announced that Geoghegan was awarded the government-funded [[Rutherford Discovery Fellowship]]. The $800,000 scholarship would fund Geoghegan's study, which was entitled ''Ecological barriers and drivers of virus emergence''. Its aim was to show "how [[viruses]] evolve to make the jump to a new [[host species]], by sequencing [[RNA]] from diverse animal species in New Zealand and analysing any viruses present". Geoghegan described this as significant in the context of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and would be the "first study examining virus [[ecology]] and [[evolution]] of such magnitude in this country.{{R|ODT Rutherford award}}{{R|Latest fellows}}

In 2021, Geoghegan's work continued and was focused initially on the UK virus variant that had broken out in New Zealand. She said that the variant did contain a "few mutations that were likely increasing the rate of transmission...[but]...the biggest driver of virus spread is a population that doesn't have any immunity, which is basically all of New Zealand."{{R|ODT 2021}}

==Awards== In 2017 Geoghegan gained The Young Tall Poppy Award run by the [[Australian Institute of Policy and Science]] (AIPS). Geoghegan said that she was very passionate about communicating research findings to the wider community and the award was an opportunity for her to become more skilled in this area.{{R|Tall Polly Award}}

Geoghegan received the Genetics Society of Australia Alan Wilton Award to recognise outstanding contributions to the field of genetics research by Australasian scientists early in their career in 2017.{{R|Alan Wilton Award}}

In 2017 she won the Macquarie University Faculty of Science and Engineering Excellence in Early Career Research Prize.{{R|Excellence in early career prize}}

In May 2022 Geoghegan was awarded the 2021 Prime Minister's Emerging Scientist prize, worth $200,000.{{R|emerging scientist award}} In [[North & South (New Zealand magazine)|North & South magazine]], [[Paul Gorman]] wrote that "hundreds, if not thousands, of New Zealanders are still alive thanks to Geoghegan and colleagues tracking outbreaks of the [[Delta variant]] during the elimination phase of the pandemic. Some contemporaries believe she has helped save millions of lives around the world due to people avoiding the virus."{{R|Gorman}} Geohegan acknowledged that by receiving the award she was challenging the stigma around women in science, and "planned to use the funds from the award to support further research and student training."{{R|Lewis}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Early life">{{cite news |last1=UNI News |title=A modern-day explorer: Dr Jemma Geoghegan |url=https://www.otago.ac.nz/otagobulletin/news/otago757879.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203210638/https://www.otago.ac.nz/otagobulletin/news/otago757879.html |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=The Otago Bulletin |publisher=University of Otago |date=2 December 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gorman">{{Cite magazine |last=Gorman |first=Paul |title=The Virus Hunter |url=https://northandsouth.co.nz/2022/10/26/jemma-geoghegan-science-prize-winner-covid-19/ |url-status=dead |magazine=North & South |date=October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026213619/https://northandsouth.co.nz/2022/10/26/jemma-geoghegan-science-prize-winner-covid-19/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Job titles">{{cite web|title=MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY Te Tari Moromoroiti me te Ārai Mate – Dr Jemma Geoghegan|website=micro.otago.ac.nz|url=https://micro.otago.ac.nz/our-people/teaching-research-and-support/jemma-geoghegan/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320004626/https://micro.otago.ac.nz/our-people/teaching-research-and-support/jemma-geoghegan/|archive-date=20 March 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Recognition 2017">{{cite news |title=Macquarie Grows Our Tall Poppies Well: Evolutionary Biologist Dr Jemma Geoghegan Awarded. |url=https://www.mq.edu.au/newsroom/2017/08/21/macquarie-grows-our-tall-poppies-well-evolutionary-biologist-dr-jemma-geoghegan-awarded/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214204241/https://www.mq.edu.au/newsroom/2017/08/21/macquarie-grows-our-tall-poppies-well-evolutionary-biologist-dr-jemma-geoghegan-awarded/ |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=Newsroom |publisher=Macquarie University |date=21 August 2017 }}</ref>

<ref name="Siouxsie Wiles Nov 2020">{{cite news |last1=Wiles |first1=Siouxsie |title=Aches on a plane – new findings on in-flight Covid transmission revealed |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/science/23-11-2020/siouxsie-wiles-aches-on-a-plane-new-findings-on-in-flight-covid-transmission/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319123414/https://thespinoff.co.nz/science/23-11-2020/siouxsie-wiles-aches-on-a-plane-new-findings-on-in-flight-covid-transmission/ |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=[[The Spinoff]] |date=23 November 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Wiles 13 August 2020">{{cite news |last1=Wiles |first1=Siouxsie |title=How genome sequencing could crack the case of the NZ Covid comeback |url=https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2020/08/13/how-genome-sequencing-could-be-key.html |access-date=4 April 2021 |agency=The University of Auckland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306040846/https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2020/08/13/how-genome-sequencing-could-be-key.html |archive-date=6 March 2021 |date=13 August 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Research Dec 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=1|last1=Geoghegan |first1=Jemma L. |last2=Ren |first2=Xiaoyun |last3=Storey |title=Genomic epidemiology reveals transmission patterns and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand |journal=Nature Communications |date=11 December 2020 |volume=11 |issue=6351 |page=6351|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-20235-8|pmid=33311501 |pmc=7733492 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.6351G |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Guardian article April 2021">{{cite news |last1=McClure |first1=Tess |title=How New Zealand's Covid success made it a laboratory for the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2021/apr/04/how-new-zealands-covid-success-made-it-a-laboratory-for-the-world |access-date=4 April 2021 |agency=[[The Guardian]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403180835if_/https://www.theguardian.com/global/2021/apr/04/how-new-zealands-covid-success-made-it-a-laboratory-for-the-world|archive-date=3 April 2021|date=3 April 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="UK experiment comment">{{cite news |last1=Daalder |first1=Marc |title=UK's 'awful experiment' will threaten NZ |url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/uks-awful-experiment-will-threaten-nz |access-date=14 July 2021 |publisher=Newsroom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713185951/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/uks-awful-experiment-will-threaten-nz |archive-date=13 July 2021 |date=13 July 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="BA2">{{Cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Lenny|date=24 January 2022|title=There's a new version of omicron but so far it doesn't appear to be more dangerous|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/24/covid-omicron-ba2/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129011745/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/24/covid-omicron-ba2/|archive-date=29 January 2022|access-date=30 January 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Effective protection">{{Cite news|date=28 January 2022|title=Covid-19: Booster dose effective against Omicron BA.2 mutation - virologist|work=[[RNZ]]|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/460398/covid-19-booster-dose-effective-against-omicron-ba-2-mutation-virologist|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129221036/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/460398/covid-19-booster-dose-effective-against-omicron-ba-2-mutation-virologist|archive-date=29 January 2022|access-date=30 January 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Evolution of new variants">{{Cite news |last=Daalder |first=Marc |date=15 June 2022 |title=Covid isn't over, it's just getting started |work=Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/covid-isnt-over-its-just-getting-started |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616012605/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/covid-isnt-over-its-just-getting-started |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=16 June 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="7 News April 2020">{{cite news |last1=Pratt |first1=Rodney |last2=Ku |first2=Jenny |title=Coronavirus: Virologist explains how COVID-19 jumped from animals to humans, and why we can't predict the next pandemic |url=https://7news.com.au/the-morning-show/coronavirus-virologist-explains-the-origins-of-covid-19-and-why-we-cant-predict-the-next-pandemic-c-974148 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423053217/https://7news.com.au/the-morning-show/coronavirus-virologist-explains-the-origins-of-covid-19-and-why-we-cant-predict-the-next-pandemic-c-974148 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=30 March 2021 |agency=The Morning Show |publisher=7 News |date=16 April 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Research on fish 2018">{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |last1=Geoghegan |first1=Jemma L. |last2=De Giallonardo |first2=Francesca |title=Hidden diversity and evolution of viruses in market fish |journal=Virus Evolution |date=31 October 2018 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=vey031 |doi=10.1093/ve/vey031 |pmid=30397510 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/4/2/vey031/5151347 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413015958/https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/4/2/vey031/5151347 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |pmc=6208713 |doi-access=free |access-date=13 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="ABC article April 2020">{{cite news |last1=Lyons |first1=Suzannah |last2=Mitchel |first2=Natasha |title=How did coronavirus start? Where did bats get the virus from and how did it spread to humans? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-04-09/how-did-coronavirus-start-where-did-bats-get-covid-19-from/12132312 |access-date=29 March 2021 |publisher=ABC News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210055216/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-04-09/how-did-coronavirus-start-where-did-bats-get-covid-19-from/12132312 |archive-date=10 February 2021 |date=9 April 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Predicting Pandemics 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Geoghegan |first1=Jemma |title=Predicting Pandemics |journal=Australasian Science |date=2016 |url=http://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-october-2016/predicting-pandemics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412185029/https://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-october-2016/predicting-pandemics.html |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=1 April 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="2017 research on predicting">{{cite journal |last1=Geoghegan |first1=Jemma L. |last2=Holmes |first2=Edward G. |title=Predicting virus emergence amid evolutionary noise |journal=Open Biology |date=25 October 2017 |volume=7 |issue=10 |article-number=170189 |doi=10.1098/rsob.170189 |publisher=Royal Society|pmid=29070612 |pmc=5666085 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Yong article">{{cite news |last1=Yong |first1=Ed |title=Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/10/pandemic-prediction-challenge/543954/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415204321/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/10/pandemic-prediction-challenge/543954/ |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=The Atlantic |date=26 October 2017 }}</ref>

<ref name="Morning Herald May 2020">{{cite news |last1=Mannix |first1=Liam |title=Scientists tried to predict COVID-19. Here's why they missed it |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/scientists-tried-to-predict-covid-19-here-s-why-they-missed-it-20200515-p54tgb.html |access-date=30 March 2021 |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317010611/https://www.smh.com.au/national/scientists-tried-to-predict-covid-19-here-s-why-they-missed-it-20200515-p54tgb.html |archive-date=17 March 2021 |date=16 May 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hawkesby interview">{{cite news |last1=Hawkesby |first1=Kate |title=How genome sequencing can help track Covid outbreak |url=https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/on-air/early-edition/audio/jemma-geoghegan-how-genome-sequencing-can-help-track-covid-outbreak/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |agency=[[Newstalk ZB]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918194728/https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/on-air/early-edition/audio/jemma-geoghegan-how-genome-sequencing-can-help-track-covid-outbreak/ |archive-date=18 September 2020 |date=13 April 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Geoghegan and French">{{Cite web |last=Geoghegan |first=Jemma |last2=French |first2=Nigel |date=18 August 2023 |title=Thousands of migratory birds will make NZ landfall in spring – will they bring a deadly bird flu with them? |url=https://theconversation.com/thousands-of-migratory-birds-will-make-nz-landfall-in-spring-will-they-bring-a-deadly-bird-flu-with-them-211492 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822212817/https://theconversation.com/thousands-of-migratory-birds-will-make-nz-landfall-in-spring-will-they-bring-a-deadly-bird-flu-with-them-211492 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] }}</ref>

<ref name="MBEI grant May 2020">{{cite web |title=Dr Jemma Geoghegan receives $600,000 grant to track COVID-19 spread and evolution in NZ (Posted 29 May 2020) |url=https://micro.otago.ac.nz/about-us/latest-news-and-events/dr-jemma-geoghegan-funding-to-track-covid-19-spread-and-evolution-in-nz/ |website=Microbiology & Immunology |publisher=Otago University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414165700/https://micro.otago.ac.nz/about-us/latest-news-and-events/dr-jemma-geoghegan-funding-to-track-covid-19-spread-and-evolution-in-nz/ |archive-date=14 April 2021 |access-date=28 March 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Early work with ESR">{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Hannah |title=Coronavirus: New research reveals how Covid-19 came to New Zealand |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/300077513/coronavirus-new-research-reveals-how-covid19-came-to-new-zealand |access-date=28 March 2021 |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319034843/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/300077513/coronavirus-new-research-reveals-how-covid19-came-to-new-zealand |archive-date=19 March 2021 |date=18 August 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="13 August on Nine to Noon">{{cite news |last1=Nine to Noon |title=How genome testing could help reveal the source of community Covid |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018759297/how-genome-testing-could-help-reveal-the-source-of-community-covid |access-date=4 April 2021 |agency=[[RNZ]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613040958/https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018759297/how-genome-testing-could-help-reveal-the-source-of-community-covid |archive-date=13 June 2021 |date=13 August 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Newsroom podcast">{{cite news |last1=Brett-Kelly |first1=Sharon |title=The vital work of our genome scientists |url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/podcast-the-detail/the-vital-work-of-our-genome-scientists |access-date=30 March 2021 |agency=Podcast: The Detail |publisher=Newsroom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820173654/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/podcast-the-detail/the-vital-work-of-our-genome-scientists |archive-date=20 August 2020 |date=20 August 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cluster in August 2020">{{cite news |last1=Gibb |first1=John |title=Covid 19 coronavirus: Genomic tracing used to find source of latest outbreak |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-genomic-tracing-used-to-find-source-of-latest-outbreak/MMTPRGDZLBZNY2CSYJV4AYITLM/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507093507/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-genomic-tracing-used-to-find-source-of-latest-outbreak/MMTPRGDZLBZNY2CSYJV4AYITLM/ |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=14 August 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Testing air crew member">{{cite news |title=Scientists awaiting results on Air New Zealand crew member with Covid-19 |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/431396/scientists-awaiting-results-on-air-new-zealand-crew-member-with-covid-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117064037/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/431396/scientists-awaiting-results-on-air-new-zealand-crew-member-with-covid-19 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=29 March 2021 |agency=[[RNZ]] |date=25 November 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="ODT Rutherford award">{{cite news |last1=Gibb |first1=John |title=Scientific researchers get backing of fellowships |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/campus/university-of-otago/scientific-researchers-get-backing-fellowships |access-date=28 March 2021 |publisher=[[Otago Daily Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508192317/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/campus/university-of-otago/scientific-researchers-get-backing-fellowships |archive-date=8 May 2021 |date=23 October 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Latest fellows">{{cite web|title=Latest 10 fellows announced in 10th year of Rutherford Discovery Fellowship awards (Published 22 October 2020)|url=https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/news/latest-10-fellows-announced-in-10th-year-of-rutherford-discovery-fellowship-awards/|website=Royal Society|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305062247/https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/news/latest-10-fellows-announced-in-10th-year-of-rutherford-discovery-fellowship-awards/|archive-date=5 March 2021|access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="ODT 2021">{{cite news |last1=MacLean |first1=Hamish |title=Sequencing effort to identify virus variant |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/sequencing-effort-identify-virus-variant |access-date=30 March 2021 |publisher=[[Otago Daily Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217080025/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/sequencing-effort-identify-virus-variant |archive-date=17 February 2021 |date=16 February 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Tall Polly Award">{{cite web |last1=Who's Who |title=Evolutionary biologist Dr Jemma Geoghegan recognised |url=http://getstem.com.au/evolutionary-biologist-dr-jemma-geoghegan-recognised/ |website=getstem.co.au |date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413014419/http://getstem.com.au/evolutionary-biologist-dr-jemma-geoghegan-recognised/ |archive-date=13 April 2022 |access-date=28 March 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Alan Wilton Award">{{cite web|title=Past GSA Award Winners|url=https://genetics.org.au/past-gsa-award-winners/|website=Genetics Society of Australasia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407030320/https://genetics.org.au/past-gsa-award-winners/|archive-date=7 April 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Excellence in early career prize">{{cite web|title=Macquarie University Faculty of Science and Engineering Excellence in Early Career Research (Jemma Geoghegan – Recipient 2017)|url=https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/prizes/macquarie-university-faculty-of-science-and-engineering-excellenc|website=Macquarie University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421121608/https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/prizes/macquarie-university-faculty-of-science-and-engineering-excellenc|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="emerging scientist award">{{Cite web |title=2021 TE PUIAKI KAIPŪTAIAO MAEA MACDIARMID EMERGING SCIENTIST {{!}}The Prime Minister's Science Prizes |url=https://www.pmscienceprizes.org.nz/2021-te-puiaki-kaiputaiao-maea-macdiarmid-emerging-scientist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531042259/https://www.pmscienceprizes.org.nz/2021-te-puiaki-kaiputaiao-maea-macdiarmid-emerging-scientist/ |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-31 |language=en-NZ }}</ref>

<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=John |date=1 June 2022 |title=Genome sequencer Jemma Geoghegan claims Prime Minister's MacDiarmid Emerging Scientist Prize |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/genome-sequencer-jemma-geoghegan-claims-prime-ministers-macdiarmid-emerging-scientist-prize/CXESW5AVO7USRXUIV5FXRM22YA/ |url-status=dead |access-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030054155/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/genome-sequencer-jemma-geoghegan-claims-prime-ministers-macdiarmid-emerging-scientist-prize/CXESW5AVO7USRXUIV5FXRM22YA/ |archive-date=30 October 2022 |via=[[New Zealand Herald]] }}</ref>

}}

==External links== {{Scholia}}

* [https://aips.net.au/tall-poppy-campaign/ Tall Poppy Campaign] * [https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/what-we-do/funds-and-opportunities/rutherford-discovery-fellowships/about-rutherford-discovery-fellowships/ About Rutherford Discovery Fellowships] * [https://www.mbie.govt.nz/science-and-technology/science-and-innovation/funding-information-and-opportunities/investment-funds/covid-19-innovation-acceleration-fund/ COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund] * {{google scholar id|MKCv-HEAAAAJ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geoghegan, Jemma}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:New Zealand virologists]] [[Category:COVID-19 researchers]] [[Category:Women virologists]] [[Category:Women microbiologists|virologists]] [[Category:Women medical researchers]] [[Category:University of Otago alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Otago]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:New Zealand microbiologists]] [[Category:New Zealand medical researchers]]