{{Short description|Danish Supreme Court lawyer and businessman}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} '''Jeffrey Peter Galmond''' is a Danish Supreme Court lawyer and businessman. He is the owner of the law firm '''J. P. Galmond & Co'''. He owned large portions of the holding companies that owned the Russian mobile telecommunications operator Megafon. One of these portions was contested. Galmond had been accused of not being the true owner of the Russian assets, but of acting as a front to Russian minister of telecommunications Leonid Reiman. These claims were vigorously denied by Galmond.
==Involvement with Leonid Reiman== Galmond became acquainted with Leonid Reiman in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Gregory L. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB112856247619561303 |title=As Russia Squeezes Big Business, A Tycoon Decides to Pick a Fight: Mikhail Fridman Takes On Putin's Telecom Minister; Avoiding Another Yukos |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=6 October 2005 |access-date=23 October 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191231072058/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB112856247619561303}} [http://www.compromat.ru/page_17512.htm Alternate archive] at compromat.ru on 10 July 2005 as Россия усиливает давление на Большой Бизнес, магнат решает начать борьбу: Михаил Фридман обрушивается на путинского министра информационных технологий и связи (Russia increases pressure on Big Business, tycoon decides to start a fight: Mikhail Fridman attacks Putin's information technology and communications minister).</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2004/11/15/Analysis-Russias-Telecom-gate/80691100531200/ |title=Analysis: Russia's 'Telecom-gate' |trans-title= |language= |work=UPI |date=15 November 2004 |access-date=23 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2004/12/09/Analysis-More-oligarch-hunting/79311102621711/ |title=Analysis: More oligarch hunting? |trans-title= |language= |work=UPI |date=9 December 2004 |access-date=23 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2004/06/18/Analysis-Putin-saving-Yukos-and-Bush/34351087586030/?st_rec=96381048135102&u3L=1 |title=Analysis: Putin - saving Yukos and Bush? |trans-title= |language= |work=UPI |date=18 June 2004 |access-date=23 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/lyudi/79318-leonid-reiman-dose-svyazista Leonid Reiman: signalman, minister, suspect] in Russian Forbes</ref>
With headquarters in Copenhagen and offices in Hamburg, J.P. Galmond & Company established a presence in telecommunication, finance, and company law in Russia in 1989 and a representation office in St Petersburg in 1992 and in Moscow in 2000.<ref name=APGalmondCompanyProfile>{{cite web |url=http://www.galmond.com/default.asp?page=85 |title=J.P. Galmond & Company: Profile |work=galmond.com |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=17 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317063725/http://www.galmond.com/default.asp?page=85}}</ref> In the early 1990s, Galmond met Leonid Reiman in Leningrad (St Petersburg), who was an executive with the Leningrad City Telephone Network (LGTS) that was renamed the St. Petersburg City Telephone Network (PTS) in 1993.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman>{{cite web |url=https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18669 |title=Leonid Reiman and Jeffrey Galmond / IPOC Case. Control Number #91 |work=Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) of the World Bank and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) |author=Anonymous |date=2014 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=21 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421060111/https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18669}}</ref><ref name=StARentities>{{cite web |url=https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18669 |title=Entities used |work=Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) of the World Bank and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) |author=Anonymous |access-date=March 16, 2020 |archive-date=21 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421060111/https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18669 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Galmond later became Reiman's attorney.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman/> In 1994, Reiman collected numerous joint ventures of telecoms owned by his state-controlled employer into OAO Telecominvest (TCI) ({{langx|ru|ОАО "Телекоминвест"}}){{efn|Lyudmila Putina represented OAO Telecominvest from 1998-1999 in Moscow after her husband the former deputy mayor of St Petersburg Vladimir Putin moved from St Petersburg to Moscow in 1997 and later became the Director of the successor to the KGB, the Federal Security Service in July 1998.<ref name=Inopressa02112006>{{cite news |url=https://www.inopressa.ru/fraktuell/2005/07/26/11:06:48/telecom |script-title=ru:"Телекоминвест" загадывает загадки |trans-title=Telecominvest puzzles |work=Inopressa |last=Хассель |first=Флориан (Hassel, Florian) |date=26 July 2005 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=2 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102094623/https://www.inopressa.ru/fraktuell/2005/07/26/11:06:48/telecom |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=NewsRu28072005>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsru.com/russia/28jul2005/ludmila.html |script-title=ru:Людмила Путина действительно работала в компании, подозреваемой в отмывании денег. Москва мешает расследованию |trans-title=Lyudmila Putin really worked for a company suspected of money laundering. Moscow interferes with the investigation |work=NewsRu.com |date=28 July 2005 |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=RoyalGazette09052008>{{cite news |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20080509/BUSINESS/305099948 |title=The rise and fall of IPOC |work=Royal Gazette |last=Kent |first=Jonathan |date=9 May 2008 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807083001/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20080509/BUSINESS/305099948}}</ref><ref name=MoscowTimes26072005>{{cite news |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/07/26/001.html |title=Russia at Heart of German Probe |work=The Moscow Times |last1=Walters |first1=Greg |last2=Belton |first2=Catherine |date=26 July 2005 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814133152/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/07/26/001.html}}</ref>}} in which his employer had a 95% share and Galmond the rest.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman/>{{efn|The St Petersburg Telephone Network (PTS) ({{langx|ru|"Петербургской телефонной сетью" (ПТС)}}) and the St. Petersburg Long-distance International Telephone (St. Petersburg MMT) ({{langx|ru|"Санкт-Петербургским междугородным международным телефоном" (СПб ММТ)}}) combined their assets to form OAO Telecominvest in 1994.<ref name=NewsRu28072005/>}} In 1995, the non-Galmond held share was owned through First National Holding SA from Luxembourg by Germany's Commerzbank with a 51% share and by Reiman's employer and another state-controlled company with a 49% share.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman/><ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/>{{efn|Valery Yashin ({{langx|ru|Валерий Яшин}}), who was Reiman's boss at PTS, owned and controlled both ComPlus Holding SA and First National Holding SA. The western investors were personally chosen by Reiman. ComPlus Holding SA was a co-founder of PeterStar. Yashin was the head of Svyazinvest ({{langx|ru|Связьинвест}}) when it gained North-West Telecommunications Holding. The founders of NTS were St. Petersburg Payphones (51% in the authorized capital), Mobitel, a subsidiary of Svyazinvest (40%), and the Moscow financial company LV Finance (9%).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stringer-agency.ru/040Compr/011/Default.asp |title=НА РЫНКЕ СМИ ПОЯВИЛАСЬ СПРАВКА О ВОЗМОЖНОМ ПЕРЕДЕЛЕ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО РЫНКА РОССИИ |trans-title=A NOTE ON THE POSSIBLE REDISTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET APPEARED ON THE MEDIA MARKET |language=ru |work=Stringer (stringer-agency.ru) |date=5 October 2005 |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-date=3 February 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010203235800/http://stringer-agency.ru/040Compr/011/Default.asp}}</ref> In 1997, Michael Cherney bought Mobitel from Grigory Luchansky.<ref name=LeMonde18062002>{{cite news |last=Smolar |author-link=:fr:Aleksander Smolar |first=Piotr |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3214--280901-,00.html |title=Mikhail Cherny a été accusé d'Israël: Originaire d'Ukraine, vivant à Tel-Aviv, il a été l'un des créateurs de la restructuration "sauvage" de ce secteur de l'industrie russe. |work=Le Monde |date=18 June 2002 |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-date=25 June 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020625180614/https://inosmi.ru/abstract/149271.html |quote=Original is in French and archive is in Russian.}}</ref>}} Then, First National Holding's share grew to 85%.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman/> OAO Telecominvest's main asset was a 45% stake in North-West GSM which became the core of Megafon.<ref name=NewsRu02122005>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsru.com/russia/02dec2005/reiman.html |script-title=ru:The Wall Street Journal: близкий друг Путина причастен к скандалу с отмыванием денег |trans-title=The Wall Street Journal: Putin's close friend involved in money laundering scandal |work=NewsRu.com |date=2 December 2005 |access-date=17 March 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> In 2001, after Commerzbank through its First National Holding SA ended its share of Telecominvest, Galmond had several companies including IPOC International Growth Fund which was established in 2000 in Bermuda and Lapal Ltd., Albany Invest Ltd., and Mercury Import Ltd. in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) acquire the telecom holdings of Commerzbank's former interests.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/><ref name=IPOCaboutUs>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipocfund.com/about/index.htm |title=IPOC International Growth Fund: About Us |work=ipocfund.com |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=9 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509140221/http://www.ipocfund.com/about/index.htm |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=Corpwatch25072005>{{cite news |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=12512 |title=Germany: Commerzbank is at center of probe: Prosecutors Ask if Bank Misstated Role in Transfer Of Russian Telecom Assets |work=CorpWatch |last1=Simpson |first1=Glenn R. |last2=Crawford |first2=David |last3=White |first3=Gregory L. |date=25 July 2005 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203170425/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=12512}}</ref><ref name=RoyalGazette01052008>{{cite news |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20080501/BUSINESS/305019976 |title=IPOC pleads guilty in BVI – $45m set to be confiscated |work=Royal Gazette |date=1 May 2008 |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=HelsinginSanomat2006>{{cite news |url=https://www.hs.fi/english/article/European+Commission+to+investigate+TeliaSonera+deals+in+Russia/1135219321540/ |title=European Commission to investigate TeliaSonera deals in Russia |work=Helsingin Sanomat |date=2006 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610214427/https://www.hs.fi/english/article/European+Commission+to+investigate+TeliaSonera+deals+in+Russia/1135219321540/}}</ref><ref name=IPOCfund>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipocfund.com/about/index.htm |title=IPOC International Growth Fund: About Us. Welcome |work=ipocfund.com |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=9 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509140221/http://www.ipocfund.com/about/index.htm}}</ref> IPOC International Growth Fund was formed as a mutual fund, however, there were no investment from shareholders owning a stake in it: The only income IPOC received was from its subsidiaries.
==IPOC International Growth Fund== IPOC International Growth Fund, which controls several Russian telecoms, was competing against Alfa Group for control of a large share in Megafon.<ref name=StAR>{{cite web |url=https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/19024 |title=IPOC International Growth Fund beneficial owner |work=Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) of the World Bank and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) |author=Anonymous |date=24 May 2012 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114011710/http://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/19024 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Bloomberg20070225>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-02-25/spies-lies-and-kpmg |title=Spies, Lies & KPMG: An inside look at how the accounting giant was infiltrated by private intelligence firm Diligence |work=Bloomberg |last=Javers |first=Eamon |date=25 February 2007 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704042250/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-02-25/spies-lies-and-kpmg}}</ref><ref name=Telegraph2008-06-22>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/2792008/BP-antagonist-has-Altimo-ambitions.html|title=BP antagonist has Altimo ambitions |date=22 June 2008 |work=The Telegraph |last=Hotten |first=Russell |access-date=16 March 2020|archive-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111195407/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/2792008/BP-antagonist-has-Altimo-ambitions.html}}</ref><ref name=CopanhagenPost28102004>{{cite news |url=http://www.cphpost.dk/get/83083.html |title=Dane battles for Russian mobile company |work=Copenhagen Post |date=28 October 2004 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927181854/http://www.cphpost.dk/get/83083.html}}</ref> Both IPOC and Alfa Group used numerous 1929 Holding Company Schemes with shell companies in the British Virgin Islands, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Cayman Islands, and Delaware.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Elkjær |first1=Bo |last2=Pimonov |first2=Vladimir |last3=Mynderup |first3=John |author-link1=Bo Elkjær |author-link2=Vladimir Pimonov |url=https://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/samfund/article4458118.ece |title=Sådan slipper de for skatten |trans-title=This is how they get rid of the tax |lang=da |work=Ekstra Bladet |date=30 October 2006 |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427103756/https://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/samfund/article4458118.ece}}</ref>
Galmond's disputed 25% share in Megafon was held by Leonid Rozhetskin's LV Finance, a company which sold its share on 5 August 2003 for $200 million through several shell companies to Altimo a subsidiary of Alfa Group, the company fronted by Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/><ref name=Forbes09062006>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/06/09/fridman-alfa-group-cx_cn_0609autofacescan06.html#5374a3f66abd |title=Russian Billionaire's Alfa Group Sued In Federal Court |work=Forbes |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=Corpwatch09062006>{{cite news |url=https://corpwatch.org/article/us-russian-oligarch-fridman-corporation-sued-racketeering-fraud-used-us-banks-and-exchanges |title=US: Russian Oligarch Fridman, Corporation Sued for Racketeering, Fraud That Used U.S. Banks and Exchanges |work=CorpWatch |agency=PR Newswire |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319021223/https://corpwatch.org/article/us-russian-oligarch-fridman-corporation-sued-racketeering-fraud-used-us-banks-and-exchanges |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Kommersant13062006>{{cite news |url=http://www.kommersant.com/p681467/r_500/Alfa_Group_Accused_of_Bribing_to_Buy_MegaFon/ |title=RICO suit – Alfa Group Accused of Bribing to Buy MegaFon |work=Kommersant |date=13 June 2006 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170829/http://www.kommersant.com/p681467/r_500/Alfa_Group_Accused_of_Bribing_to_Buy_MegaFon/}}</ref><ref name=Duplicity>{{cite web |url=http://web.nacva.com/JFIA/Issues/JFIA-2014-1_11.pdf |title=Duplicity and Diligence: An Ethical Forensic Case Study of International Espionage |work=Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting |last1=Knapp |first1=Michael C. |last2=Knapp |first2=Carol A. |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=272–283 |date=January-June 2016 |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> But, Galmond had an agreement to purchase LV Finance's 25% share in MegaFon already in 2001.<ref name=Guardian06122003>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/dec/07/russia |title=Western investors worry as Russian writs fly: The rights of foreign shareholders are at stake in a Moscow courtroom in a case that can only get nastier - and more entertaining. |work=The Guardian|last=Walsh |first=Conal |date=6 December 2003 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> Alfa Group was at the centre of many disputes involving disputed ownership of telecommunications operations. These companies included Norwegian Telenor, Swedish-Finnish TeliaSonera, Turkey's Turkcell and others. IPOC International Growth Fund even launched a RICO suit in the United States against Alfa Group and its associates.<ref name=Forbes09062006/><ref name=Corpwatch09062006/><ref name=Kommersant13062006/><ref name=IPOCricoDocs>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipocfund.com/about/rico080606.pdf |title=RICO documents from IPOC's filing |work=ipocfund.com |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008075459/http://www.ipocfund.com/about/rico080606.pdf}}</ref><ref name=CorpWatch09062006>{{cite news |url=https://corpwatch.org/article/us-russian-oligarch-fridman-corporation-sued-racketeering-fraud-used-us-banks-and-exchanges |title=US: Russian Oligarch Fridman, Corporation Sued for Racketeering, Fraud That Used U.S. Banks and Exchanges |work=CorpWatch |via=PR Newswire |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319021223/https://corpwatch.org/article/us-russian-oligarch-fridman-corporation-sued-racketeering-fraud-used-us-banks-and-exchanges |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=PRNewswire09062006>{{cite news |url=http://spitfirelist.com/news/russian-oligarch-fridman-corporation-sued-for-racketeering-fraud-that-used-u-s-banks-and-exchanges/ |title=Russian Oligarch Fridman, Corporation Sued for Racketeering, Fraud That Used U.S. Banks and Exchanges |work=PR Newswire |last=FTR |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
Early 2004 while Leonid Reiman was Deputy Minister of Transport and Communications, Gossvyaznadzor ({{langx|ru|Госсвязьнадзор}}) stated that it is unclear how taxes are paid by VimpelCom OJSC and Impulse Design Bureau OJSC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of VimpelCom.<ref name=Vedomosti20042004>{{cite news |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/news/2004/04/20/lrejman-znaet-reshenie-problemy-vympelkoma |script-title=ru:Л.Рейман знает решение "проблемы "Вымпелкома"" |trans-title=L. Reiman knows the solution to the "problem "VimpelCom"" |work=Vedomosti |date=20 April 2004 |access-date=17 March 2020 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=RIA20042004>{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20040420/573168.html |script-title=ru:Рейман знает, как решить проблему "Вымпелкома" |trans-title=Reiman knows how to solve the problem of VimpelCom |work=RIA Novosti |date=20 April 2004 |access-date=17 March 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> Reiman suggested that the two merge.<ref name=Vedomosti20042004/><ref name=RIA20042004/> While the courts came to a decision, however, Megafon greatly increase its market share in the key Moscow region as VimpelCom was held back from expanding into that region.<ref name=Gazeta11112004>{{cite news |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/column/ivanov/196711.shtml?updated |script-title=ru:Это не реформируется |trans-title=It is not reformed |work=Gazeta.Ru |date=11 November 2004 |access-date=17 March 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> At the time, Alfa had a significant share in Vimpel.<ref name=Guardian06122003/><ref name=CorpWatch09062006/>
In Geneva, the International Chamber of Commerce arbitration tribunal ruled that IPOC International Growth Fund had legal right to the 25% share in MegaFon and that Alfa Grouup did not have a genuine and proper commercial transaction when it tried to obtain the stake.<ref name=Guardian2004>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/sep/05/russia |title=The acceptable face of Russian capitalism? Against the odds, a Danish lawyer has challenged the oligarchs and is now ranked among the country's most successful investors. |work=The Guardian |last=Walsh |first=Conal |date=4 September 2004 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> During the proceedings, Kroll, a private investigations firm, had surveilled the chairman of the Geneva panel.<ref name=Guardian2004/>
In March 2004 on a tip from Alfa Group that IPOC International Growth Fund was involved in money laundering activities, Paula Cox, the Bermuda Minister of Finance, hired Michael Morrison and Malcolm Butterfield of KPMG to independently investigate the IPOC International Growth Fund and eleven other associated companies for any improper activities.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/><ref name=CopanhagenPost28102004/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fidler |first1=Stephen |last2=Ostrovsky |first2=Arkady |last3=Buckley |first3=Neil |author-link2=:ru:Островский, Аркадий Михайлович |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a47d51d2-d2f1-11da-828e-0000779e2340 |title=A disputed stake pits an oligarch against a Putin ally |work=Financial Times |date=23 April 2006 |access-date=11 February 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210212031452/https://www.ft.com/content/a47d51d2-d2f1-11da-828e-0000779e2340}}</ref>
On 9 March 2005, TeliaSonera, TeleComInvest, and IPOC International Growth Fund signed a shareholders' agreement in which they would actively pursue MegaFon's public listing.<ref name=Telia09032005>{{cite web |url=https://www.teliacompany.com/en/news/press-releases/2005/3/megafon-shareholders-unite-behind-shareholders-agreement/ |title=MegaFon Shareholders Unite Behind Shareholders' Agreement: TeliaSonera, TelecomInvest ("TCI") and IPOC International Growth Fund Limited ("IPOC"), the main shareholders in Russian mobile operator MegaFon, today announce the signing of an agreement intended to strengthen their relationship and clarify the governance and operations of MegaFon. |work=Telia website |author=Press release |date=9 March 2005 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
From the spring to October of 2005, Richard Burt's Due Diligence{{efn|Due Diligence was founded in 2000 by Richard Burt, Lord Powell of Bayswater and others in Washington, D.C., as a private intelligence and risk-assessment and management firm.<ref name=IHT2006-06-19>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/18/bloomberg/bxshake.php|title=Shakers: Former Tory leader to head risk firm|date=19 June 2006|work=International Herald Tribune|last=Vina|first=Gonzalo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202125640/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/18/bloomberg/bxshake.php|archive-date=December 2, 2008|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Diligence Europe was headed by Michael Howard.<ref name=IHT2006-06-19/>}} performed Project Yucca for BGR{{efn|Founded by Haley Barbour, BGR was hired by Alfa Group through its telecom subsidiary.<ref name=Bloomberg20070225/><ref name=Telegraph2008-06-22/><ref name=AlfaGroupArsenalDiagram22032007>{{cite web |url=https://www.intelligenceonline.com/utils/imageresize?x=800&web=1&file64=SU8vUGhvdG9zLzU0M0EuZ2lm |title=Alfa Group's Arsenal to Fight Rivals in Kiev and Moscow |work=intelligenceonline.com |via=Alfa’s Worldwide Network of Consultants |last=Charles |first=B. |date=22 March 2007 |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200319001600/https://www.intelligenceonline.com/utils/imageresize?x=800&web=1&file64=SU8vUGhvdG9zLzU0M0EuZ2lm}}</ref>}} in which the auditing firm KPMG was infiltrated for Alfa Group's benefit by Due Diligence in order to obtain information about KPMG's audit of the IPOC International Growth Fund.<ref name=Duplicity/>{{efn|During Project Yucca, the shareholders of Due Diligence were CEO Nick Day who was a former British agent and a co-founder of Due Diligence, the Chairman of Due Diligence Richard Burt, the Exxel Group which is a Buenos Aires private equity firm, and Edward Mathias from The Carlyle Group which is a private equity company from Washington, D.C.<ref name=Bloomberg20070225/><ref name=Telegraph2008-06-22/>}} Later, the Bermuda government accused the IPOC International Growth Fund, which is associated with Bermuda and BVI registered owners of Russian telecoms, of money laundering and also accused Due Diligence of impersonating secret service personnel.<ref name=Bloomberg20070225/><ref name=Telegraph2008-06-22/>
Author Eamon Javers in his book "Broker, Trader, lawyer, Spy", describes the infiltration by Alfa Group's agents into the KPMG investigation and the attempt to influence and manipulate the result of the investigation.<ref name=NYTbooksBrokerTraderLawyerSpy>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/business/07shelf.html |title=The Corporate Side of Snooping |work=The New York Times |last=Leonard |first=Devin |date=6 March 2010 |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>{{sfn|Javers|2010}}
In November 2005, The Financial Times reported that Jeffrey Galmond established through court documents that Leonid Reiman is the sole beneficiary of the Fiduciare Commerce Trust which indirectly controls OAO Telecominvest.<ref name=Inopressa02112006/><ref name=Gazeta11112004/><ref name=CorpWatch08112004>{{cite news |url=https://corpwatch.org/article/russia-minister-faces-telecoms-accusation |title=RUSSIA: Minister faces telecoms accusation |work=CorpWatch |last=Jack |first=Andrew |date=8 November 2004 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
In 2006, the beneficial owner of IPOC International Growth Fund was found to be Leonid Reiman according to a Zurich ruling by the International Chamber of Commerce.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/><ref name=StAR/><ref name=Finrosforum2013>{{cite news |url=https://finrosforum.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/russian-minister-laundered-millions-in-finland/ |title=Russian Minister Laundered Millions in Finland? |work=Finrosforum |date=2013 |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=HelsinginSanomat1>{{cite news |url=https://www.hs.fi/a1381454237444/ |title=KRP tutki venäläisministerin rahavirtoja Suomessa |trans-title=KRP investigated the Russian Minister's cash flows in Finland |work=Helsingin Sanomat |date=11 October 2013 |access-date=16 March 2020 |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=HelsinginSanomat11102013>{{cite news |url=http://www.hs.fi/paivanlehti/11102013/talous/Krp+tutki+ven%C3%A4l%C3%A4isministerin+rahavirtoja+Suomessa/a1381455417032 |title=Krp tutki venäläisministerin rahavirtoja Suomessa: Suuri rahanpesuepäily alkoi entisen venäläisministerin epäillystä rikoksesta |trans-title=KRP investigated the Russian Minister's cash flows in Finland: A major suspicion of money laundering began with a suspected crime by a former Russian minister |work=Helsingin Sanomat |last=Sajari |first=Petri |date=11 October 2013 |access-date=16 March 2020 |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=24Suomi11102013>{{cite news |url=https://keskustelu.suomi24.fi/t/11779750/albany-invest-ipoc-international-growht-fund-saarijarvi |title=Albany Invest, IPOC International Growth Fund, Saarijärvi |work=Suomi 24 |date=11 October 2013 |access-date=16 March 2020 |language=fi}}</ref>
In February 2007, Galmond was accused by the Bermuda Minister of Finance, Paula Cox of minor infringements of local business requirements. She asked the supreme court to wind up IPOC International Growth Fund, a company owned by Galmond, along with several other companies associated with Galmond.<ref name=FindingsStARGalmondIPOCReiman/> Galmond and IPOC worked to solve the issue. One step taken was for IPOC to fund a report by KPMG into its operations. KPMG's report, which cost its client(s) US$13 million, found no evidence that Galmond was not the beneficial owner of the MegaFon stake, or Alfa's claim that money going into IPOC funds was the proceeds of money laundering.
In April 2007 Finance Minister Paula Cox instructed the Registrar of Companies to file the petition to wind-up IPOC International Growth Fund and eight related companies. The move was aimed at protecting Bermuda's reputation as a jurisdiction.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/> Bermuda also received around $22.5 million as its share of $45 million confiscated on 1 May 2008 from IPOC International Growth Fund in a criminal prosecution in the British Virgin Islands, where three IPOC-owned companies were domiciled.<ref name=RoyalGazette09052008/>
In July 2007, Altimo, which is owned by Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group, won in its dispute with the IPOC International Growth Fund and received ownership of the 25.1% stake in MegaFon which was formerly owned by LV Finance.<ref name=Cision12022008>{{cite news |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/interview-with-altimo-ceo-alexey-reznikovich-published-on-dow-jones-535239991.html |title=Interview With Altimo CEO, Alexey Reznikovich |work=Cision |via=Dow Jones Newswires |location=Barcelona |date=12 February 2008 |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629214846/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/interview-with-altimo-ceo-alexey-reznikovich-published-on-dow-jones-535239991.html}}</ref><ref name=Middleton30072007>{{cite news |url=https://telecoms.com/320/altimo-vs-ipoc-its-all-over/ |title=Altimo vs. Ipoc: it's all over |work=telecom.com |last=Middleton |first=James |date=30 July 2007 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> Both Altimo and IPOC International Growth Fund jointly decided to "end all court actions and end legal claims against each other."<ref name=Duplicity/><ref name=Buckley30072007>{{cite news |title=The Rise and Fall of IPOC |work=Financial Times |last=Buckley |first=L. |date=30 July 2007}}</ref><ref name=Reuters30112007>{{cite news |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/altimo-megafon/russias-altimo-says-megafon-dispute-resolved-idUKL3089982120071130 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110041/https://uk.reuters.com/article/altimo-megafon/russias-altimo-says-megafon-dispute-resolved-idUKL3089982120071130 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 April 2018 |title=Russia's Altimo says MegaFon dispute resolved |work=Reuters |date=30 November 2007 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> At that time, IPOC through its holdings in TeleComInvest held a 39.3% share of MegaFon and Alfa Group through Altimo held a 25.1% stake in MegaFon.<ref name=Middleton30072007/>
==RTK-Leasing== In 2005, Galmond owned a 95% stake in Svyaz-Bank ({{langx|ru|Связь-банк}}), which had been privatized in 2003, through RTK-Leasing ({{langx|ru|"РТК-Лизинг"}}), which is part of the IPOC Bermuda Fund.<ref>{{cite web |last=Крошкин |first=В.Б. (Kroshkin, V.B.) |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_16808.htm |title=Ответ Генпрокуратуры на обращение депутата Езерского. |trans-title=Response of the Prosecutor General's Office to the appeal of the deputy Yezersky. |language=ru |work=Генеральная прокуратура Российской Федерации |date=27 May 2005 |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_18722.htm |title=Российский банковский сектор-2006: Бизнес-карта |trans-title=Russian banking sector 2006: Business card |language=ru |work=«РБК» (rbc.ru) |date=May 2006 |access-date=21 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Круглов |first=Виталий (Kruglov, Vitaly) |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_16185.htm |title=Частная почта "питерских связистов": Как принадлежащий им Связь-банк "крутит" пенсионные деньги |trans-title=Private mail of "St. Petersburg signalmen": How Svyaz-Bank, owned by them, "spins" pension money |language=ru |work=compromat.ru |date=4 February 2005 |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=Vedomosti20100708>{{cite news |last=Петрова |first=Светлана А. (Petrova, Svetlana A.) |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/articles/2010/07/08/kak-rastaschili-dengi-iz-svyaz-banka |title=Как растащили деньги из Связь-банка: На спасение Связь-банка государство потратило 142 млрд руб. – это абсолютный кризисный рекорд. Как показало расследование «Ведомостей», дыра в балансе образовалась у банка не только из-за рискованной игры на бирже, но и благодаря щедрой раздаче необеспеченных кредитов |trans-title=How they stole money from Svyaz-Bank: The state spent 142 billion rubles to save Svyaz-Bank. Is an absolute crisis record. As the Vedomosti investigation showed, the hole in the bank's balance sheet was formed not only due to risky gambling on the stock exchange, but also due to the generous distribution of unsecured loans. |language=ru |work=«Ведомости» |date=8 July 2010 |access-date=19 October 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020031050/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/articles/2010/07/08/kak-rastaschili-dengi-iz-svyaz-banka}} [http://www.compromat.ru/page_29467.htm Alt archive]</ref> RTK-Leasing supplied equipment for the Russian post office which was considering support from Svyaz-Bank to create a Russian Post Bank because many Russian pensioners had accounts with Svyaz-Bank.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_23903.htm |title=Неофициальный олигарх Леонид Рейман: Леонид Рейман: Крах "портфельного" инвестора |trans-title=Unofficial oligarch Leonid Reiman: Leonid Reiman: The collapse of a "portfolio" investor |language=ru |work="Наша Версия" (versia.ru) |date=2 February 2009 |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=Company20080929>{{cite news |last1=Логвинов |first1=Максим (Logvinov, Maxim) |last2=Градова |first2=Марина (Gradova, Marina) |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_23360.htm |title=Разрыв связи: Крушение империи Леонида Реймана |trans-title=Break the connection: The collapse of the empire of Leonid Reiman |language=ru |work="Компания" (ko.ru) |date=29 September 2008 |access-date=21 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Бараулина |first1=Анна (Baraulina, Anna) |last2=Товкайло |first2=Максим (Tovkaylo, Maxim) |last3=Оверченко |first3=Михаил (Overchenko, Mikhail) |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/articles/2009/12/18/vneshjekonombank-sozdast-konkurenta-sberbanku |title=Внешэкономбанк создаст конкурента Сбербанку: На базе Связь-банка будет создан федеральный почтовый банк, решил вчера наблюдательный совет ВЭБа, возглавляемый Владимиром Путиным. Финансировать создание альтернативы Сбербанку будет ВЭБ |trans-title=Vnesheconombank will create a competitor to Sberbank: A federal postal bank will be created on the basis of Svyaz-Bank, VEB's Supervisory Board, headed by Vladimir Putin, decided yesterday. VEB will finance the creation of an alternative to Sberbank |language=ru |work=«Ведомости» |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> In September 2008, VEB gained a 98% stake and control of Svyaz-Bank.<ref name=Vedomosti20100708/><ref name=Company20080929/> Before the collapse of Svyaz-Bank and its subsequent takeover by VEB, both Daniel Bolotin ({{langx|ru|Даниэль Болотин}}), who lived among Israel, Netherlands and Germany, was formerly known as Yevgeny Bolotin ({{langx|ru|Евгений Болотин}}; born in Mogilev, Byelorussian SSR, USSR) and was very close to Alexander Korovnikov ({{langx|ru|Александр Коровников}}), and Roland Pieper ({{langx|ru|Роланд Пипер}}) of European Technology and Investment Research Center (ETIRC) had received a $150 million loan from Svyaz-Bank in December 2007 for their purchase of Eclipse Aviation to rebrand the company as Eclipse Aerospace.<ref>{{cite news |last=Петрова |first=Светлана (Petrova, Svetlana) |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/252509/pensionnaya_shema |title=Пенсионная схема: Можно ли использовать в своих интересах деньги пенсионеров так, чтобы Счетная палата не подкопалась? Способ есть |trans-title=Is it possible to use pensioners' money in their interests so that the Accounts Chamber does not undermine? There is a way |language=ru |work=«Ведомости» |date=27 December 2010 |access-date=19 October 2021 |archive-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229151158/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/252509/pensionnaya_shema}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Дядик |first=Наталья (Dyadik, Natalia) |url=https://expert.ru/printissues/volga/2008/10/razdrazniteli_pokupateley/ |title=Раздразнили покупателей |trans-title=Teased buyers |language=ru |work=«Эксперт Волга» |date=10 March 2008 |access-date=19 October 2021 |archive-date=24 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324040911/https://expert.ru/printissues/volga/2008/10/razdrazniteli_pokupateley/}} [http://www.compromat.ru/page_30267.htm Alternate archive] at compromat.ru on 27 December 2010 as Пенсионная схема "Связь-банка": "Русский миллиардер" Евгений Болотин придумал, как использовать в своих интересах деньги пенсионеров, чтобы Счетная палата не подкопалась (Svyaz-Bank pension scheme: "Russian billionaire" Evgeny Bolotin figured out how to use pensioners' money in his own interests so that the Accounts Chamber does not undermine).</ref> From April 2004 until September 2008, Gennady Meshcheryakov ({{langx|ru|Геннадий Мещеряков}}) led Svyaz-Bank.<ref>{{cite news |last=Петрова |first=Светлана (Petrova, Svetlana) |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/243471/kak_obmanut_centrobank_ |title=Как обмануть Центробанк: Международный рейтин�� и международная отчетность не помешали Связь-банку обманывать ЦБ, аудиторов и инвесторов. Многие так делают, но у Связь-банка масштабы «рисования» отчетности были выдающиеся, говорят эксперты. Так что увидеть или заподозрить неладное можно было — при желании. Почему «не заметили»? |trans-title=How to cheat the Central Bank: The international rating and international reporting did not prevent Svyaz-Bank from deceiving the Central Bank, auditors and investors. Lots of people do, but the scale of Svyaz-Bank " drawing" statements were outstanding, experts say. So it was possible to see or suspect something was wrong - if desired. Why " did not notice"? |language=ru |work=«Ведомости» |date=12 August 2010 |access-date=19 October 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814132212/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/243471/kak_obmanut_centrobank_}} [http://www.compromat.ru/page_29662.htm Alternate archive]</ref> In June 2010, Svyaz-Bank sued Tigran Nersisyan's ({{langx|ru|Тигран Нерсисян}}) Borodino Group for failure to repay a 5.8 billion rubles loan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://republic.ru/articles/471473/?z=19#ff |title=Главные должники России |trans-title=Main debtors of Russia |language=ru |work=slon.ru |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=21 October 2021 }}{{dead link|date=August 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [http://www.compromat.ru/page_30277.htm Alt URL]</ref>
==Other work== Galmond has also worked as a lawyer for companies associated with Jón Ásgeir Jóhannesson's Icelandic conglomerate Baugur Group.<ref name=Berlingske23062005>{{cite news |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/business/236-05-diskret-dansk-advokat-milliardaer |title=Diskret dansk advokat milliardær: Den omstridte danske advokat i Rusland, J.P. Galmond, har - midt i gigantstrid - solgt russisk internetfirma for næsten en mia. kr. |trans-title=Discreet Danish lawyer billionaire: The controversial Danish lawyer in Russia, JP Galmond, has - in the midst of giant strife - sold Russian internet company for almost a billion. kr. |work=Berlingske |date=23 June 2005 |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318205746/https://www.berlingske.dk/business/236-05-diskret-dansk-advokat-milliardaer |language=da}}</ref><ref name=NewTimes20081020>{{cite news |last1=Прибыловский |first1=Владимир (Pribylovsky, Vladimir) |author-link1=Vladimir Pribylovsky |last2=Морарь |first2=Наталья (Morar, Natalia) |author-link2=Natalia Morar |last3=Барабанов |first3=Илья (Barabanov, Ilya) |author-link3=:ru:Барабанов, Илья Алексеевич |last4=Альбац |first4=Евгения (Albats, Evgenia) |author-link4=Yevgenia Albats |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_23459.htm |title=От Питера до Рейкьявика: Чьи деньги спасают в Исландии |trans-title=From Peter to Reykjavík: Whose money is being saved in Iceland |lang=ru |work=The New Times |date=20 October 2008 |access-date=2 February 2021 }}</ref>
In June 1993, Björgólfur Guðmundsson, Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson and Magnús Þorsteinsson were among Galmond's first clients when Galmond was their attorney beginning with the establishment of their bottling company ''Baltic Bottling Plant'' in Saint Petersburg which was sold to Pepsi for 4 billion DKK in 1997.<ref name=Berlingske23062005/><ref name=NewTimes20081020/>
In April 2012 the Prosecutor in the German city of Frankfurt withdrew charges against Galmond and four former employees of Commerzbank AG of money laundering. The investigations of the German prosecutor had lasted for 7 years.{{cn|date=April 2023}}
Danish tabloid newspaper BT, on its front page of 24 December 2012, claimed that Galmond had committed tax evasion and fraud with the IPOC shares. On 15 January 2014, as a result of a libel case instigated by Galmond against the tabloid BT, BT publicly withdrew its accusations. As a result of a plea-bargain, BT paid compensation of DKK 100,000 to Galmond and the cost of the libel case.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mediemarked.borsen.dk/medier/artikel/1/274769/bt_taber_sag_til_topadvokat.html |title=BT taber sag til topadvokat |work=BT |last=Beha Pedersen |first=Troels |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120051345/http://mediemarked.borsen.dk/medier/artikel/1/274769/bt_taber_sag_til_topadvokat.html |language=da}}</ref>
Galmond today lives in Switzerland. He had sold all of the assets in IPOC International Growth Fund after its liquidation in 2008.
==Controversy== On 15 December 2011, the Frankfurt am Main prosecutor's office and German criminal authorities named Leonid Reiman as a suspect in a 1990s money laundering scheme involving Commerzbank, his longtime attorney Jeffrey Galmond, and four employees of Commerzbank. The case had begun as an investigation into the looting of Russia during the 1990s. In the first half of 1996, Reiman, Galmond, and Michael Boehmke, which both Galmond and Boehmke are attorneys with the Hamburg based firm Bollmann, Kisselbach & Partners, created agreements with Commerzbank. Galmond was the owner of First National Holding (FNH), a Luxembourg based firm, and Telecominvest holding ({{langx|ru|холдинг «Телекоминвест»}}) had accounts at Commerzbank and both companies had secret trust agreements with Reiman as Commerzbank acted as the owner of FNH until 2002. FNH was formed on 11 May 1995 and was previously known as the Selz & Turban Holding SA, which was headed by a Luxembourg attorney and was owned by two shell companies located in Panama. In 2008, The Frankfurt court determined that Reiman was the beneficiary of Danco Finans which Galmond claimed ownership and through which trust agreements were held by Commerzbank.<ref>Christoph, Pauly; Jörg, Schmitt (1 August 2005). [http://www.compromat.ru/page_17248.htm "Правление Commerzbank в лапах русской мафии": Гальмондово хитросплетение]. ''Der Spiegel''. Archived from the original on 17 August 2005. Retrieved 12 June 2021.</ref><ref>Дзядко, Тимофей (17 February 2012). [https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/lyudi/79318-leonid-reiman-dose-svyazista Леонид Рейман: связист, министр, подозреваемый]. ''Forbes.'' Retrieved 12 June 2021.</ref><ref>Филонов, Дмитрий (30 March 2017). [https://republic.ru/posts/81158 Кассовое братство. Кто стоит за новой реформой в торговле? Силовики, чиновники и человек, разыскиваемый Интерполом. Кто под присмотром ФСБ делает бизнес на кассовых аппаратах]. republic.ru website. [http://www.compromat.ru/page_37844.htm Archived] from the original on 31 March 2017 as Новые чипы обогатят Германа Грефа, Алишера Усманова, Григория Березкина, Леонида Реймана: Кассовое братство on compromat.ru website. Retrieved 12 June 2021.</ref>
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Books== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|title=Broker, Trader, Lawyer, Spy: The Secret World of Corporate Espionage |last=Javers |first=Eamon |date=9 February 2010 |publisher=Harper Business |isbn=978-0061697203 }} {{refend}}
==External links== * [http://www.galmond.com/ J. P. Galmond & Co] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070509140557/http://www.ipocfund.com/ Official IPOC site] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170829/http://www.kommersant.com/p681467/r_500/Alfa_Group_Accused_of_Bribing_to_Buy_MegaFon/ RICO suit – Alfa Group Accused of Bribing to Buy MegaFon] 13 June 2006 * [http://www.cphpost.dk/get/83083.html Dane battles for Russian mobile company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927181854/http://www.cphpost.dk/get/83083.html |date=27 September 2007 }} at The Copenhagen post online * [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/07/26/001.html Russia at Heart of German Probe] – Moscow Times 26 July 2005 *[http://www.hs.fi/english/article/European+Commission+to+investigate+TeliaSonera+deals+in+Russia/1135219321540 European Commission to investigate TeliaSonera deals in Russia] – Helsingin Sanomat 28 March 2006 * [http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070206/BUSINESS/102060172 Royal Gazette: Cox moves to wind up IPOC] * [http://borsen.dk/nyhed/103528/ Danish financial newspaper, Børsen, on allegations of money laundering] 7 February 2007 * [http://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/samfund/article239723.ece Danish tabloid newspaper, Ekstrabladet, on the connections between Baugur and Galmond]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 29 October 2006 * [http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?sectionId=65&articleId=7d88eb330030011]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 29 August 2008 * [2] http://en.rian.ru/crime/20120406/172657260.html
{{DEFAULTSORT:Galmond, Jeffrey}} Category:Danish businesspeople Category:Danish jurists Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people