{{Short description|Fungal disease of oak trees}} '''Japanese oak wilt''' (also called '''mortality of oak trees in Japan''') is a fungal disease caused by ''Raffaelea quercivora'' fungus affecting by oak trees. In 1998, Japanese plant pathologists group was isolation, inoculation and reisolation the dead tree.<ref>Ito S., Kubono T., Sahasi N., Yamada T.(1998)[http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002830877/en/ Associated fungi with the mass mortality of oak trees]. ''Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 80(3), 170-175.''</ref> It is the first disease known that ''Raffaela'' fungus cause plant disease.
==Symptoms== The first obvious symptom was that the leaves wilted, and many small holes appeared on the trunk. The leaves turned to red and died back quickly (1 or 2 weeks), and finally the tree died. If you cut the dead tree, you would discover the xylem had been discolored to brown.<ref name="Kuroda"/>
==Mechanism== The oak trees react plugging their xylem with gum and tyloses for blocking the fungus spreading.<ref name="Kuroda">{{cite journal|url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002830776/en|author1=Kuroda, K. |author2=Yamada, T. |year=1996|title= Discoloration of sapwood and blockage of xylem sap ascent in the trunks of wilting ''Quercus'' spp. following attack by ''Platypus quercivorus''|journal=Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society|volume= 78|issue=1|pages= 84–88}}</ref> It's the same reaction of elm vs. ''Opiostoma'' fungus at Dutch elm disease.
==Treatment== JOW treatment is resemble other fungus insect vector diseases such as Dutch elm disease or Pine wilt.
=== Exterminate beetle === The majority of this disease treatment is cut down the dead oak trees, and killed the vector ambrosia beetles by burned timber or infused insecticide.
=== Exterminate fungus === Some fungicide are developing and trying to inoculation.
==See also== * Bark beetle, Ambrosia beetle
===''Raffaelea'' disease === * Laurel wilt - caused by ''R. lauricola'', and ''R. canadensis'' * Korean oak wilt - caused by ''R. quercus-mongolicae''
===Several tree wilt disease in the world === * Dutch elm disease * Pine wilt
=== Mortality of oaks === * Oak wilt * Sudden oak death
==References== <references/>
==Further reading== *Kamata, Naoto; Esaki, Koujiro; Kato, Kenryu; Oana, Hisahito; Igeta, Yutaka; Komura, Ryotaro 2007. [http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/12434 Japanese oak wilt as a newly emerged forest pest in Japan: why does a symbiotic ambrosia fungus kill host trees?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526101015/http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/12434 |date=2015-05-26 }}. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 1-3.
Category:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases